Orientador: Leandro Karnal / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-26T09:23:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Kalil_LuisGuilhermeAssis_D.pdf: 2171532 bytes, checksum: 7f79dab487c78913f02dff82e62c1416 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / Resumo: A tese pretende analisar de que formas a questão sobre a existência de seres humanos no Novo Mundo foi abordada em dois períodos distintos: a virada do século XVI para o XVII e ao longo do século XIX, momentos em que a produção de reflexões sobre este tema aumentou consideravelmente. No primeiro período, observamos que as dúvidas sobre a origem dos indígenas não surgem durante os contatos iniciais com os europeus, mas se desenvolvem ao longo do século. Além disso, identificamos um aumento progressivo das representações que enfatizavam a multiplicidade dos indígenas, nas quais as reflexões do jesuíta espanhol José de Acosta, que analisou os debates anteriores sobre os ancestrais dos americanos e dividiu os "povos bárbaros" em três níveis de desenvolvimento, ocupam um papel central. Para um número crescente de autores, as grandes diferenças identificadas entre os diversos grupos que habitavam as terras americanas seriam fruto de origens específicas e hierarquizadas. No século XIX, a percepção da multiplicidade dos indígenas passa a ser incorporada, entre outros aspectos, ao conceito de raça e aos discursos sobre a memória e a identidade nacional elaborados nas colônias americanas recém-independentes. Neste segundo período, há a identificação de um índio "nacional", geralmente restrito ao passado, que teria uma origem diferente e superior a dos outros habitantes do continente. Novamente, as diferenças identificadas pelos autores entre os povos americanos são interpretadas a partir das origens: grupos considerados como mais avançados procederiam de povos diferentes dos grupos "inferiores" que habitaram e ainda habitavam o continente. Divisão e hierarquização estas, profundamente influenciadas pelas reflexões sobre o Oriente, fruto das diversas expedições e descobertas arqueológicas ocorridas no período / Abstract: The thesis aims to analyze in which ways the question about the existence of human beings in the New World was addressed on two different time periods: the turn of the 16th to the 17th century and throughout the 19th century, moments in which the production of reflections on this issue increased considerably. In the first period, we observed that the doubts about the origin of the Americans were not raised during the first contacts with the Europeans, but developed over the century. Furthermore, we identified a progressive increase in representations that emphasized the multiplicity of the indigenous, in which the reflections of the Spanish Jesuit José de Acosta, who examined the previous debates about the ancestors of the Americans and divided the "barbarians peoples" in three levels of development, occupies a central role. For a growing number of authors, the major differences identified among the various groups that inhabited the American lands would result from specific and hierarchical backgrounds. In the 19th century, the perception of indigenous multiplicity becomes incorporated, among other aspects, into the concept of race and the discourses on memory and national identity, developed in the newly independent American colonies. In this second period, there is the identification of a "national" Indian, usually restricted to the past, who would have a different and superior origin than the other inhabitants of the continent. Once again, the differences identified by the authors among the American people are interpreted as related to their origins: groups considered more advanced would behave differently from "inferior" groups who had inhabited and still inhabited the continent. Those division and ranking were deeply influenced by the reflections elaborated about the East, as a result of the various expeditions and archaeological discoveries made in the period / Doutorado / Historia Cultural / Doutor em História

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"A Place to See: Ecological Literary Theory and Practice" approaches "American" literature with an inclusive interdisciplinarity that necessarily complicates traditional notions of both "earliness" and canon. In order to examine how "Nature" has been socially constructed since the seventeenth century to support colonialist objectives, I set American literature into a context which includes ancient Mayan almanacs, the Popol Vuh, early seventeenth and eighteenth century American farmer's almanacs, 1992 Nobel Peace Prize winner Rigoberta Menchu's autobiography, the 1994 Zapatista National Liberation army uprising in Mexico, and Leslie Silko's Almanac of the Dead. Drawing on the feminist, literary and cultural theories of Donna Haraway, Carolyn Merchant, and Michel Foucault, Julia Kristeva, Edward Said, Annette Kolodny, and Joseph Meeker, I argue that contemporary Native American writers insist that readers question all previous assumptions about "Nature" as uninhabited wilderness and "nature writing" as realistic, non-fiction prose recorded in Waldenesque tranquility. Instead the work of writers such as Silko, Louise Erdrich, Simon Ortiz, and Joy Harjo is a "nature writing" which explores the interconnections among forms and systems of domination, exploitation, and oppression across their different racial, sexual, and ecological manifestations. I posit that literary critics and teachers who wish to work for a more ecologically and socially balanced world should draw on the work of all members of our discourse community in cooperative rather than competitive ways and seek to transform literary theory and practice by bringing it back into dynamic interconnection with the worlds we all live in--inescapably social and material worlds in which issues of race, class, and gender inevitably intersect in complex and multi-faceted ways with issues of natural resource exploitation and conservation.

Fighting Power: Interpretive Issues The 1st Provisional Marine Brigade, 1950 Hammes, Thomas Xavier Lincoln College Submitted for Doctor of Philosophy in History Trinity Term 2008 When the Korean War broke out on 25 June 1950, the Marine Corps was ordered to deploy an air-ground brigade from California in less than ten days. Due to five years of massive budget and manpower cuts, the Marine Corps did not have even a brigade immediately available. The only way to meet the sailing timeline was to organize, man and equip the force while actually embarking it. As it embarked, the brigade had to incorporate marines flown in from posts all over the western United States; draw equipment from war reserves held hundreds of miles away; reorganize many of the existing units under new tables of organization; and add an experimental helicopter detachment from the east coast of the United States. Despite these enormous handicaps and numerically superior enemy forces, the brigade won every engagement. This performance was in stark contrast to the performance of all other US forces at this stage of the war. The brigade’s brief existence (7 July to 6 Sept 1950), combined with its exceptional combat record under adverse conditions, provides the opportunity to study the impact of institutional culture, education, doctrine, organization, training and leadership on performance in combat. Research showed that a key element of the brigade’s success was the Marine Corps’ institutional culture. In particular, the culture of remembering ensured marines understood the unchanging aspects of war and provided its men with the education, training, doctrine and organization to cope with its enduring friction, fog and chance. At the same time, the culture of learning ensured the marines understood what was changing in the character and tools of war so the brigade was well adapted to the realities of modern war from its first day in combat.

This thesis studies the political role of the Chilean military during the years 1780-1826. Beginning with the last decades of the eighteenth century and ending immediately after the last royalist contingents were expelled from the island of Chiloé, this thesis does not seek to give a full picture of the participation of military men on the battlefield but rather to interpret their involvement in local politics. The main categories deployed in this study are 1) armies, 2) politics and 3) revolution, and the three are presented with the purpose of demonstrating that, as Peggy K. Liss has claimed, after 1810 Spanish American public life ‘became militarized; and the military, privileged’. I argue that, notwithstanding the sometimes tense relationship between civilians and the armed forces, the Chilean military became privileged because the demise of the Spanish monarchy in 1808 made them protagonists of the decision-making process. In so doing, this thesis aims to make a contribution to the understanding of Chile’s revolution of independence, as well as to discuss some recent historiographical contributions on the role of the military in the creation of the Chilean republican system. Although the focus has been placed on the career and participation of Chilean revolutionary officers, this thesis also seeks to provide an overview of both the role of royalist armies and the influence of international events in Chile.

This is a study of the pursuit of African American colonization as a state and latterly a federal policy during the period c. 1850-65. Historians generally come to the topic via an interest in the Civil War and especially in Lincoln, but in so doing, they saddle it with moral judgment and the burden of rather self-referential debates. The thesis argues that, whilst the era’s most noteworthy ventures into African American colonization did indeed emerge from the circumstances of the Civil War, and from the personal efforts of the president, one can actually offer the freshest insights on Lincoln by bearing in mind that colonization was, above all, a real policy. It enjoyed the support of other adherents too, and could be pursued by various means, which themselves might have undergone adjustment over time and by trial and error. Using an array of unpublished primary sources, the study finds that Lincoln and his allies actively pursued colonization for a longer time, and with more persistence in the face of setbacks, than scholars normally assume. The policy became entangled in considerations of whether it was primarily a domestic or an international matter, whilst other overlapping briefs also sabotaged its execution, even as the administration slowly learned various lessons about how not to go about its implementation.By early 1864, the resulting confusion, as well as the political fallout from the fiasco of the one expedition to go ahead, curtailed the president’s ability to continue with the policy. There are strong suggestions, however, that he had not repudiated colonization, and possibly looked to revive it, even as he showed a tentative interest in alternative futures for African Americans. This thesis makes a case against unrealistically binary thinking, anachronistic assumptions, abused hindsight, sweeping interpretive frameworks, and double standards of evidentiary assessment respecting a technically imperfect and ethically awkward policy.

This thesis describes the difficulties of the Confederacy in dealing with prisoners during the Civil War.

This dissertation examines the development of the multi-site church phenomenon in North America from 1950 to 2010. Chapter 1 introduces the multi-site church concept, briefly detailing the development of the multi-site movement and the need for investigation of the subject. Chapters 2 through 4 explore the historical development of the multi-site church movement, highlighting individuals, ministries, trends, and forces contributing to the current multi-site church phenomenon. Chapter 5 examines the various forms of current multi-site churches presenting a concise and comprehensive taxonomy of multi-site churches in North America. Chapter 6 analyzes key New Testament biblical and theological issues concerning the multi-site church structure, providing a general set of parameters for healthy multi-site application and expression. Chapter 7 summarizes the content and arguments of the dissertation, assessing the strengths, weaknesses, and success of the dissertation, and presenting topics for future multi-site inquiry and investigation. This dissertation contends that the multi-site church concept is a robust and biblically acceptable church model, and one that is beneficial to the church in North America.

In October 1875 the Canadian government reserved a tract of land along the southwest shore of Lake Winnipeg for the exclusive use of Icelandic immigrants. This was part of a larger policy of reserving land for colonization projects involving European immigrants with a common ethno-religious background. The purpose of this policy was to promote the rapid resettlement and agricultural development of Aboriginal territory in the Canadian Northwest. The case of the Icelandic reserve, or Nýja Ísland (New Iceland), provides a revealing window into this policy, and the ways in which it intersected with the larger processes of colonization in the region during the late nineteenth century. The central problem that this study addresses is the uneasy fit between "colonization reserves" such as New Iceland and the political, economic and cultural logic of nineteenth-century liberalism. Earlier studies have interpreted group settlements as either aberrations from the "normal" pattern of pioneer individualism or communitarian alternatives to it. This study, by contrast, argues that colonization reserves were part of a spatial regime that reflected liberal categories of difference that were integral to the extension of a new liberal colonial order in the region. Using official documents, immigrant letters and contemporary newspapers, this study examines the Icelandic colonists’ relationship to the Aboriginal people they displaced, to other settler groups, and to the Canadian state. It draws out the tensions between the designs and perceptions of government officials in Ottawa and Winnipeg, the administrative machinery of the state, and the lives and strategies of people attempting to navigate shifting positions within colonial hierarchies of race and culture.

Orientador: Leandro Karnal / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-15T11:46:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Oliveira_FlaviaPretodeGodoy_M.pdf: 1501708 bytes, checksum: 8bb64f164e17c683ef088683459c0260 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Resumo: O objetivo central desse trabalho é analisar como a percepção da natureza americana foi construída nas crônicas escritas nas décadas que sucederam a chegada dos primeiros europeus à América e como foi reelaborada em períodos posteriores a partir da leitura desses mesmos documentos. Para alcançar tal intento foram analisadas algumas crônicas selecionadas, como as obras de José de Acosta e Pedro Mártir de Anglería, e suas formas de apreender a natureza do Novo Mundo. A partir da conexão desses textos a uma epistemologia específica que configurava o saber europeu do período, foi possível compreender as possibilidades e os limites que essas obras possuíam em suas representações da América. Em seguida, o trabalho avança temporalmente, investigando as visões sobre a natureza americana produzidas no século XVIII por estudiosos de expressão no universo intelectual europeu, como Buffon, relacionando-as a rejeição das crônicas como fonte de saberes sobre a América, bem como à emergência de novos pressupostos epistemológicos. Por fim, no terceiro capítulo, foram analisadas algumas das idéias e das obras escritas pelo naturalista alemão Alexander von Humboldt, conhecido como uma das principais figuras dentro da história natural da primeira metade do século XIX, mas também apontado pela historiografia como responsável pela criação de uma nova imagem do continente americano, em especial, de sua natureza. Procurou-se estabelecer a ligação entre essa forma de representar a natureza, suas leituras e apropriações das crônicas coloniais e epistemologia do período, entendendo-os como processos indissociáveis na compreensão não somente da obra humboldtiana, mas da imagem que se consolidou em relação ao continente americano / Abstract: The main objective of this work is to analyze how the perception of American nature was developed in the chronicles written during the first decades after Europeans arrival to América and how it was re-elaborated in posterior periods through the reading of the same sources. To obtain that purpose, some selected chronicles were analyzed, such as those written by José de Acosta and Pedro Mártir Anglerìa, and theirs ways to apprehend the New World's nature were studied too. Based on a connection between those works with a specific pistemology, which configured the European knowledge in the period, it was possible to comprehend the possibilities and the limits of America's representations can be found in the chronicles. Furthermore, the work investigates the views of American nature produced in 18th century by erudite men in the European intellectual sphere, such as from Buffon and de Pauw. The views were on nected with the rejection of chronicles like knowledge concerning America and with the sprouting of news epistemic criteria. Finally, in the third chapter, the humboldtian ideas was analyzed. I tried toconnect Humboldt's views of nature with his reading and his appropriation of colonial chronicle and period epistemology / Mestrado / Historia Cultural / Mestre em História