Orientadores: Lauro Tatsuo Kubota, Marilia Oliveira Fonseca Goulart / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Quimica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-13T21:41:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Lima_PhabyannoRodrigues_D.pdf: 3618536 bytes, checksum: e30e8edf8ae8a08c57fdb0a003e8b6fd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Resumo: Neste trabalho descreve-se o desenvolvimento de sensores amperométricos a base de um simples eletrodo de pasta de carbono modificado com um novo mediador redox, a 4-nitroftalonitrila (4-NO2FN), para a determinação de alguns antioxidantes de relevância biológica [L-cisteína (L-CySH), L-glutationa (L-GSH), ácido L-ascórbico (L-AscH2), ácido úrico (AU) e nicotinamida adenina dinucleotídeo (forma reduzida) (NADH)]. Com este propósito, inicialmente, a 4-NO2FN foi ativada in situ, gerando o par redox nitroso/hidroxilamina (4-NOFN/4- NHOHFN) estável na superfície eletródica, o qual apresentou atividade electrocatalítica na oxidação dos analitos estudados. As técnicas empregadas para a realização deste trabalho foram voltametria cíclica e cronoamperometria, as quais foram utilizadas para estudar o comportamento dos eletrodos modificados, para otimização dos parâmetros experimentais, obtenção dos parâmetros cinéticos e caracterização analítica dos sensores. Além disso, os estudos hidrodinâmicos e cronoamperométricos foram realizados com o objetivo de se obter maiores informações sobre os processos de oxidação entre L-AscH2, NADH e os eletrodos modificados. Assim, por meio dos gráficos e equações de Koutech- Levich e Cottrell foi possível obter os valores para o coeficiente de difusão (D) e constante de velocidade da reação (kobs) para L-AscH2 e NADH. Os valores do D e de kobs, determinados para L-AscH2 e NADH, foram de 9,0x10 cm s e 2,4x10 cms, 6,0x10 molL s e 1,0x10 molL s, respectivamente. O aumento na velocidade de reação, tanto para o L-AscH2 quanto para o NADH, foi atribuído à eficiente transferência de elétrons entre estas espécies e o par redox 4-NOFN/4-NHOHFN eletrogerado in situ. Sob condições otimizadas, o sensor amperométrico apresentou uma faixa de resposta linear (mmol L), limite de detecção (mmol L), quantificação (mmol L) e sensibilidade (nA L mmol) para L-CySH (a), L-GSH (b), L-AscH2 (c), AU (d) e NADH (e), os quais apresentaram os valores de (a) 0,8-13,2, 0,25, 0,8, 37,0; (b) 8,0-83,0, 2,7, 8,0, 54,0; (c)5,0-120,0, 1,6, 5,5, 108,0; (d) 5,0- 120,0, 1,3, 4,5, 121,6 e (e) 0,8-8,5, 0,25, 0,82, 500,0, respectivamente. Após a aplicação destes sensores em amostras de interesse, estudos de adição e recuperação dos analitos foram realizados para avaliar a exatidão dos métodos e verificou-se que foi possível uma percentagem de recuperação entre 98,5 e 102,0% para L-CySH, L-GSH, L-AscH2 e AU / Abstract: In this work, the development of amperometric sensors based on a simple carbon paste electrode modified with a new redox ¿mediator¿, 4- nitrophthalonitrile (4-NO2PH), for quantification of some antioxidants of biological relevance (L-cystein (L-CySH), L-glutathione (L-GSH), L-ascorbic acid (L-AscH2), uric acid (UA) and b-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH)), is described. For this purpose, initially, 4-NO2PH was activated in situ, generating a stable redox-active nitroso/hydroxylamine system (4- NOPH/4-NHOHPH) on the electrodic surface, which presented electrocatalytic activity towards the oxidation of studied analytes. The techniques used in this work were cyclic voltammetry and cronoamperometry, to study the behavior of the modified electrodes, for the experimental parameters optimization, for the attainment of the kinetic parameters and analytical characterization of the sensors. Hydrodynamic and cronoamperometric studies were carried out with the aim to get information on the reduction processes and oxidation of L-AscH2 and NADH, respectively, on the modified electrodes. Through the Koutech-Levich and Cotrell plots it was possible to obtain the values for the diffusion coefficient (D) and kinetic constant of the reaction (kobs) for the analytes in study. The values of the diffusion coefficient and kobs, determined for L-AscH2 and NADH were 9,0x10 cm s and 2,4x10 cms, 6,0x10 molL s and 1,0x10 molL s, respectively. The increase of the reaction rate for L-AscH2 and NADH was attributed to the efficient electron transfer between the studied species and immobilized electroactive species on the surface of the carbon paste electrode. After optimizing conditions, the sensor provided a linear response range (mmol L), limit of detection (LOD) (mmol L), limit of quantification (LOQ) (mmol L) and sensitivity (nA L mmol) for L-CySH (a), L-GSH (b), L-AscH2 (c), UA (d) e NADH (e) of (a) 0.8-13.2, 0.25, 0.8, 37.0; (b) 8.0-83.0, 2.7, 8.0, 54.0; (c)5.0-120.0, 1.6, 5.5, 108.0; (d) 5.0-120.0, 1.3, 4.5, 121.6 and (e) 0.8- 8.5, 0.25, 0.82, 500.0, respectively. After the application of these sensors in samples of interest, studies of addition and recovery of the analytes were carried out to evaluate the error of the methods and it was verified recovery percentages between 98.5 and 102.0% for L-CySH, L-GSH, L-AscH2 and AU, were obtained / Doutorado / Quimica Analitica / Doutor em Ciências

Orientador: Lauro Tatsuo Kubota / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Quimica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-15T20:26:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Santhiago_Murilo_M.pdf: 3172484 bytes, checksum: bcff800b6ef070742f997f47ba296774 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Resumo: Neste trabalho descreve-se o desenvolvimento de dois sensores amperométricos empregando mediadores redox derivados do grupo nitro imobilizados sobre plataformas nanoestruturadas para a detecção da nicotinamida adenina dinucleotídeo (NADH) e L-cisteína. Para a construção da base das plataformas foram empregados nanotubos de carbono funcionalizados com grupos amino. Uma vez funcionalizada, a plataforma possibilitou o ancoramento dos dois mediadores redox. Para a detecção de NADH foi utilizado o ácido 3,5-dinitrobenzoico como mediador redox. Este mediador foi imobilizado na superfície da plataforma utilizando os catalisadores 1-etil-3-(3-dimetilaminopropil) carbodimida (EDC) e N-hidroxi succinimida (NHS). Já para o sensor destinado à detecção de L-cisteína, foi necessário a adsorção de nanopartículas de ouro para imobilizar o ácido 5,5'-ditiobis-2-nitrobenzoico (DTNB) como mediador redox. Para os estudos eletroquímicos, as espécies hidroxilamina foram eletrogeradas in situ a partir do grupo nitro presente em ambos os mediadores. As plataformas nanoestruturadas foram caracterizadas através de voltametria cíclica, cronoamperometria, MEV e eletrodo de disco rotatório. Os valores das constantes heterogênea de transferência de elétrons (ks) e da velocidade da reação mediador-analito foram ~50 s e 10 - 10 L mols, respectivamente. As curvas analíticas para ambos os sensores foram obtidas aplicando baixos sobrepotenciais e resultaram em limites de detecção e quantificação na faixa de 1,2 - 9,1 mmol L. O sensor para L-cisteína foi aplicado em amostras reais e os resultados obtidos foram estatisticamente iguais quando confrontados com um método comparativo / Abstract: This work describes the development of two amperometric sensors using redox mediators derived from the nitro group immobilized on nanostructured platforms for the detection of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) and L-cysteine. Carbon nanotubes functionalized with amino groups were used for the construction of the platforms. Once functionalized, the platform allowed the anchoring of two redox mediators. 3,5-dinitrobenzoic acid was used as redox mediator for NADH detection. This mediator was immobilized on the surface of the platform using the catalysts 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodimide (EDC) and N-hydroxy-succinimide (NHS). For the construction of the sensor for L-cysteine detection, it was necessary the adsorption of gold nanoparticles to receive 5,5-dithio-2-nitrobenzoic acid as redox mediator. For the electrochemical studies, the hydroxylamine species were electrogenerated in situ from the nitro group present in both mediators. Nanostructured platforms were characterized by cyclic voltammetry, chronoamperometry, SEM and by rotating disk electrode experiments. Rate constant values for the heterogeneous electron transfer (ks) and the kinetic constants for the mediator-analyte reaction were ~50 s e 10 - 10 L mols, respectively. The analytical curves for both sensors were obtained applying low overpotentials and resulted in limits of detection and quantification around 1.2 up to 9.1 mmol L. The sensor for L-cysteine was used in pharmaceutical samples and the results were statistically the same to those obtained with a comparative method / Mestrado / Quimica / Mestre em Química

Orientador: Lauro Tatsuo Kubota / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Quimica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-24T12:03:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Santhiago_Murilo_D.pdf: 3375339 bytes, checksum: 5d945dd23cfef732a3e3d083685bedc0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: Neste trabalho descreve-se a construção e aplicação de dispositivos analíticos 2D e 3D à base de papel com detecção eletroquímica (ePAD). Os dispositivos foram construídos empregando o método de impressão com cera e diferentes tipos de papéis. Eletrodos de ouro foram utilizados juntamente com o conceito da separação cromatográfica em dispositivos microfluídicos. No canal microfluídico à base de papel foi possível realizar a separação de ácido ascórbico e dopamina em 14 minutos. A necessidade por processos de fabricação mais simples e de baixo custo nos motivou a estudar eletrodos de carbono em ePADs. Assim, eletrodos de grafite de lapiseira foram selecionados visando o desenvolvimento de um biossensor para glicose. O biossensor apresentou uma excelente resposta eletroquímica e um tempo de análise de 4 minutos. O mesmo eletrodo de grafite foi acoplado com um sistema de informação para determinação de p-nitrofenol. Assim, foi possível detectar 1,0 mmol L de p-nitrofenol em amostras de água e analisar/interpretar os resultados empregando um celular. Por fim, a necessidade por sistemas eletroquímicos com menores limites de detecção nos impulsionou a fabricar microeletrodos de pasta de carbono. Os microeletrodos foram fabricados em folhas de transparência e acoplados no papel empregando uma configuração do tipo sanduíche. Os dispositivos foram caracterizados eletroquimicamente na presença de cisteína e apresentaram uma constante cinética de 10 L mol s. Um limite de detecção de 4,8 mmol L para cisteína foi obtido empregando um arranjo de microeletrodos. Por fim, os microeletrodos de pasta de carbono foram utilizados para a construção de um biossensor visando a determinação de metil paration. O ePAD foi construído de modo a acomodar o substrato (acetiltiocolina) e a enzima (acetilcolinesterase) no mesmo dispositivo / Abstract: This thesis describes the construction and application of 2D and 3D electrochemical paper-based analytical devices (ePADs). The devices were constructed using the wax printing method and different types of papers. Gold electrodes were employed along with the concept of chromatographic separation in microfluidic devices. By using the paper-based microfluidic channel it was possible to perform the separation of ascorbic acid and dopamine in 14 minutes. The need for simpler and low cost manufacturing processes motivated us to study carbon electrodes in ePADs. Thus, pencil graphite electrodes were selected for the development of a biosensor for glucose. The biosensor exhibited excellent electrochemical response and analysis time of 4 minutes. The same graphite electrode was coupled to an information system for the determination of p-nitrophenol. Thus, it was possible to detect 1.0 mmol L of p-nitrophenol in water samples and analyze/interpret the results using a smartphone. Finally, the need for electrochemical systems with lower limits of detection made us to search for carbon paste microelectrodes. The microelectrodes were fabricated on transparency sheets and coupled on paper using a sandwich-type configuration. The devices were characterized electrochemically in the presence of cysteine and had a rate constant of 10 L mol s. A detection limit of 4.8 mmol L for cysteine was obtained using an array of microelectrodes. By last, carbon paste microelectrodes were used to construct a biosensor in order to determine methyl parathion. The ePAD was constructed to accommodate the substrate (acetylthiocholine ) and enzyme ( acetylcholinesterase ) in the same device / Doutorado / Quimica Analitica / Doutor em Ciências

Title: Cobalt phthalocyanines as sensors for determination of thiol groups Annotation: The possibility of employment of cobalt phthalocyanine as a material for the modification of HOPG electrode for construction of a sensor for quantification of thiol groups was studied. Thiol groups are occurring in various biologically active substances (sulfur amino acids). The electrochemical behavior of cobalt tetraneopentoxy-phthalocyanine (CoTNPc) in the water/organic phase system was studied, and individual peaks of cyclic voltammogram of the compound were identified. The electrodeposition of CoTNPc on HOPG electrode was found as a suitable method for construction of the sensor for quantification of thiol groups. The reproducibility of fabrication of the sensor and its time-stability was studied. The calibration dependencies for model analytes (cysteine hydrochloride and homocysteine) were measured. Key words: thiols, phthalocyanines, amperometric sensor, cyclic voltammetry

Nitrogen-doped carbon materials have garnered much interest due to their electrocatalytic activity towards important reactions such as the reduction of hydrogen peroxide. N-doped carbon materials are typically prepared and deposited on solid conductive supports, which can sometimes involve time-consuming, complex, and/or costly procedures. Here, nitrogen-doped screen-printed carbon electrodes (N-SPCEs) were fabricated directly from a lab-formulated ink composed of graphite that was modified with surface nitrogen groups by a simple soft nitriding technique. N-SPCEs prepared from inexpensive starting materials (graphite powder and urea) demonstrated good electrocatalytic activity towards hydrogen peroxide reduction. Amperometric detection of H2O2 using N-SPCEs with an applied potential of −0.4 V (vs. Ag/AgCl) exhibited good reproducibility and stability as well as a reasonable limit of detection (2.5 µM) and wide linear range (0.020 to 5.3 mM).

Mgr. Martina Nádherná PhD. Thesis Applications of ionic liquids in electrolytes for amperometric gas sensors and Li-ion batteries SUMMARY The dissertation presents the results of preparation and characterisation of new aprotic electrolytes based on ionic liquids for the solid-state electrochemical gas sensors and for the electrochemical energy storage devices - secondary lithium-ion batteries. In the part dealing with the solid-state amperometric sensor for NO2 research was aimed at development of new solid electrolyte. This electrolyte is developed as a system of ionic liquid embedded in the structure of a polymer, when the ionic liquid joints the properties of a solvent and a dissolved salt. The electrolyte therefore does not contain any volatile component and is long-term chemically and electrochemically stable. Several series of electrolytes were prepared with different polymers or macromonomers and imidazolium-based ionic liquids. The composition, especially the polymer-IL ratio was optimized. The electrolytes were successfully tested in a solid-state NO2 sensor with a gold minigrid serving as the indicating electrode. The research included the determination of basic electrochemical parameters and study of the sensor behaviour under different conditions. The influence of atmosphere humidity,...