The Areachap Group represents a mid-Proterozoic fossil island arc environment consisting of amphibolite, hornblende gneiss, quartz-feldspathic gneiss, calcsilicates and pelitic schists. Chemical compositions of these highly deformed upper amphibolite/granulite grade metamorphosed rocks indicate protoliths ranging from rhyolite/rhyodacite, calc-alkaline basalt, tholeiite to ultramafic igneous rocks and sediments. The above-mentioned assemblage is typical of an island arc environment. Island arc environments are ideal hosts for volcanic hosted massive sulphide (VHMS) type deposits and may successfully be explored by using the VHMS lithogeochemical alteration model. VHMS deposits not only yield strategic base metals such as zinc (Zn), copper (Cu) and lead (Pb), but significant grades of gold (Au) and silver (Ag) are associated with these deposits. The Areachap Group presents a metallogenic province containing one economic deposit, the Prieska Zn-Cu mine, as well as several sub-economic deposits, including the Areachap mine and other lesser prospects at Boksputs, Kantienpan, Jacomynspan and Rokoptel. The Prieska Zn-Cu mine is the most significant VHMS deposit of the Areachap Group and occurs within the Copperton volcanic centre. This abandoned mine delivered 47 Mt sulphide ore at 1,7 % Cu and 3,8 % Zn with traces of Ag and Au. Four volcanic centres were previously identified in the Areachap Group, namely Upington, Klein Begin, Boksputs and Copperton. Exploration activities were loosely subdivided into the same regions. Regional lithogeochemical sampling campaigns were conducted for the four subproject areas and approximately 5 000 rock samples were analysed for the twelve major oxides and ten trace elements. The region of interest, the Boksputs Subvolcanic area, with a well-established infrastructure, is situated near Groblershoop (50 km east) and Marydale (30 km southeast) in the Northern Cape province and is part of the geological Areachap Group. Several high copper anomalies and the tholeiitic lithological composition of the Boksputs Subproject resulted in this area being selected as the main target region. It was attempted to discriminate between different trace element populations using probability plots, but this was not successful. The complexity of the probability plots was attributed to the large variation in different rock types included in the data set. Corrections were made by determining threshold values for each rock type, but this refinement proved unsuccessful, indicating that the rock classification used was incorrect. Option areas were finally selected, based primarily on absolute Cu values. These areas were mapped in . more detail prior to ground electromagnetic (EM) surveys and drilling. To test the target selection, a proto-lithological map of the area, based on cluster analyses of the lithogeochemical dataset, was drawn. The proto-lithological maps formed the basis of the follow-up work and the application of the VHMS conceptual model. A conductor in the Kantienpan target area was located with a time domain electromagnetic (TDEM) survey and this was drilled. The drilling intersected a massive sulphide body with a tonnage of approximately 5 Mt and an average grade of 4.09 % Zn, 0.49 % Cu and traces of Au and Ag. The orebody was evaluated financially and it was found to be uneconomic as a stand-alone operation. However, if the Kantienpan deposit is considered as an alternative to imported concentrate for the Zincor smelter, this study suggests that the project may be economically feasible. Furthermore, it must be stated that the Areachap Group remains only partly explored and that a world class VHMS deposit may be discovered within the next few years. / Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2008. / Geology / unrestricted

No description available.

Shear zones which deform margins of amphibolite boudins in the Cheyenne Belt, SE Wyoming, record a full strain transition from relatively undeformed amphibolite which has relict igneous textures to mylonitic amphibolite with a strongly developed L-S tectonic fabric. The strain transition is marked by the rotation of amphibole and plagioclase aggregates into parallelism with the shear zone boundary and progressive grain size reduction. These observations indicate that strain magnitude increases across the shear zone. Detailed petrologic and microstructural analysis of a single amphibolite shear zone has been conducted in order to: 1) document the petrologic and microstructural evolution of the shear zone and 2) investigate the interrelationships between mechanical and chemical processes associated with shear zone formation. Amphibolites throughout the shear zone consist of amphibole + plagioclase with only minor amounts of quartz + chlorite + epidote + sphene + ilmenite. Within the relatively undeformed amphibolite, amphibole and, to a lesser extent, plagioclase has wide compositional variation. Amphibole compositions vary from actinolitic hornblende to magnesio-hornblende which involves increases in Al, Fe, Na and K contents and decreases in Si and Mg. Plagioclase compositions vary from Angp in cores of plagioclase grains to Anjo within grain boundary domains. With increasing strain magnitude across the shear zone variation of amphibole composition decreases and become predominantly magnesio-hornblende. Plagioclase compositions also decrease in range although grain boundary domains still have higher albite content. The observed variation of amphibole compositions indicate that shear zone formation occurred during prograde metamorphism although compositional changes may also be a function of changing grain boundary fluid composition. These petrologic data indicate that shear zone metamorphism was in part controlled by the magnitude of strain during deformation. Scanning electron microscope back-scattered images and color enhanced X-ray compositional maps indicate that compositional variation in plagioclase and amphibole occurs along margins of highly angular grains of various sizes. These textural observations have been interpreted to indicate that chemical reactions occurred by a dissolution and reprecipitation processes following or during cataclastic deformation. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) images show local zones of high dislocation density adjacent to microcracks suggesting that work hardening may have been an important processes during cataclasis. Alternatively, microcracks may have acted as source for development of dislocations. The importance of deformation in assisting shear zone chemical processes is evidenced by: 1) the observation of new mineral overgrowth along grain boundaries and 2) TEM images of amphibole which show that actinolitic hornblende has a high defect density whereas magnesio-hornblende overgrowths are relatively defect free. This observation suggests that strain energy associated with dislocations may have contributed to the chemical process. Thermodynamic modelling of reaction progress within the shear zone using the Gibbs Method indicates that observed modal and compositional changes can occur isothermally if strain energy is added to the system. Increases in reaction progress with deformation may have also been due to increases in fluid infiltration or diffusion due to grain size reduction. The general conclusion of this study is that in order to apply petrologic, geochemical and isotopic data to understanding geochemical and tectonic processes, microstructural information on the magnitude of strain and the type of deformation mechanism must be evaluated, quantitatively if possible. / Ph. D.

On retrouve localement des amphibolites fortement foliées dans le mélange ophiolitique sous les massifs ophiolitiques de la Zone de Suture du Yarlung Zangbo (ZSYZ). Ces blocs représentent la partie supérieure d’une semelle métamorphique démembrée. La géochimie des amphibolites (La/Yb = 0.65-0.97, Ta/Th = 0.33-0.65) est similaire à celle des roches mafiques provenant de l’ophiolite, suggérant une origine dans le même bassin d’arrière-arc. Le métamorphisme de haut grade (P=14 kbars, T= 800°C) subit par les amphibolites suggère un enfouissement pendant la naissance d’une subduction. Les âges voisins des amphibolites et de la croûte ophiolitique (121-130 vs 120±10 et 126 Ma, respectivement) suggèrent que la naissance de la subduction s’est déroulée dans le bassin arrière-arc Néo-Téthysien. Un tel événement n’avait pas encore été rapporté. La présence de dikes et le métasomatisme tardif responsable de la cristallisation de préhnite pourraient indiquer la subduction d’un centre magmatique. La composition en isotopes stables du fluide responsable confirmerait une telle hypothèse. / Blocks of highly foliated amphibolites are locally found within the serpentinite matrix mélange underlying the Yarlung Zangbo ophiolites near Bainang and Buma, Xigaze area, Yarlung Zangbo Suture Zone (YZSZ), Tibet. The mélange is thought to be the result of the tectonic dismemberment of the base of the ophiolitic napes during its obduction over the Indian passive margin, circa 50 Ma. Prior to dismemberment, amphibolites were probably parts of a coherent dynamothermal sole, as observed at the base of many ophiolites. Sampled amphibolites can be subdivided in three groups: garnet, banded and common amphibolites. Medium-grained garnet amphibolites contain the assemblage A) Hb+CPX+Gt+Pl±Rt and B) Gt+Hb+Pl (corona assemblage). Fine to medium-grained banded amphibolites contain the assemblage C) Hb+CPX+Pl+Ep±Sp+Qtz+Ap. Fine-grained common amphibolites contain facies D) Hb+Pl±Ep+Ap+Sp. In all assemblages, plagioclase is pseudomorphosed by an albite-prehnite simplectite. Retrograde cataclastic veins contain the assemblage E) Ab+Pr±Ch+Ep. The geochemistry of the garnet, banded and common amphibolites is very similar to the geochemistry of other mafic blocks in the mélange and of mafic igneous rocks within the ophiolitic massifs. When compared to MORBs, light depletion of LREE (La/Yb = 0.65-0.97) and mild HFSE depletion (Ta/Th = 0.33-0.65) would suggest a mixing between the IAT and MORB sources, as seen in back-arc basins and nascent intra-oceanic arcs. The amphibolites were buried at the inception of a subduction within the back-arc to peak metamorphism conditions of 11-14 kbars and ~800 °C. Ar/Ar analysis of amphiboles revealed a metamorphic age of 121-130 Ma, which is synchronous with ages obtained from the overlying ophiolites. Overlapping in ophiolite-sole age relationship reveals inception of the subduction near or at the spreading center from which originated the ophiolite. Subduction of a buoyant body could explain heterogeneous coronitization of pyrope-rich (up to 35 %) garnet by Al-Tschermakites (Al2O3 up to 21 wt %) at high-pressures. After exhumation, amphibolites were injected by very fine-grained diabasic dykes and were subject to percolation of a prehnite-precipitating fluid. Oxygen stable isotopes suggest that a magmatic fluid is responsible for prehnite precipitation. The magmatic and metamorphic history of the dynamothermal sole and field relationships with adjacent units seem to indicate that most of Neo-Tethys oceanic domain was subducted along this new Late Cretaceous subduction zone.

Meta-mafic intrusions with an intrusion age of 1.6-0.9 Ga are found along a north-south trend in theTransitional section of the Eastern Segment in Sweden. These intrusions are garnet-bearing and thus anexception to other meta-mafic intrusions found in Sweden. Meta-mafic intrusions that are garnet-bearingare usually found in the Caledonides to the northeast and in the south west of Sweden where the pressureshave been naturally high due to orogenic events or subduction.The study was conducted on these intrusions around the community of Ölme, to understand themetamorphic and metasomatic history of the area. The focus lies on the transition from magmaticgabbroic intrusions to metamorphosed metagabbros and highly foliated garnet-amphibolites. AveragePT estimates was calculated using THERMOCALC and classical geothermobarometry, so that acomparison between the qualitative and quantitative data could be made.The study indicates metamorphism at amphibolite to upper amphibolite facies conditionsfor the metagabbros and the garnet-amphibolites.Average PT-estimates for the garnet-amphibolites gives metamorphic peak temperatures of 680°-730° Cwith pressures of 9.0-11.0 kbar at the Träfors locality, and metamorphic peak temperatures of 660°-770° Cwith pressures of 9.5-11.0 kbar at the Skråkvik locality. These results are comparable to research donefurther to the south on similar intrusions, with temperatures of 700° C and pressures of 10 kbar.It is concluded that the meta-mafic intrusions at the Skråkvik locality have been metamorphosed in adry system, in contrast to the Träfors locality which seems to have been affected by more pervasiveretrograde metamorphism and fluid-rock interaction. It is also concluded that mafic intrusionscan preserve their magmatic textures even under high pressure conditions.

O anfibolito Cafelândia faz parte da Sequência Serra da Malacacheta, Complexo Barro Alto, GO. Por ser rocha com bandamento composicional bem definido, o anfibolito tem sido interpretado como produto de metamorfismo de gabro acamadado. Entretando, uma das feições que esse bandamento composicional apresenta é a presença de veios de leucossoma paralelos à foliação da rocha. O contato transicional entre o anfibolito e alguns dos veios de leucossoma indicam que os veios foram formados por fusão in situ. O objetivo do presente trabalho é investigar o processo de fusão que afetou a rocha, utilizando descrições macroscópicas, microscópicas e análises químicas de minerais em diversos contextos texturais. O bandamento composicional é definido pela variação na proporção modal de hornblenda, plagioclásio, titanita, clinopiroxênio, granada e quartzo. Veios de leucossoma com porfiroblastos de hornblenda, concordantes ou discordantes da foliação são observados reforçando o bandamento. No topo estrutural do anfibolito ocorrem camadas com mais de 70% de hornblenda e outras dominadas por clinopiroxênio e granada. Ortopiroxênio é raro e não é possível ter certeza se os grãos presentes são reliquiares do protolito ígneo ou se são metamórficos. As camadas ricas em granada e clinopiroxênio não ultrapassam espessuras maiores que 5 a 10 cm. Na porção basal do anfibolito a proporção de hornblenda é menor e a proporção de clinopiroxênio e granada maior, ocorrendo ortopiroxênio em alguns afloramentos. Os porfiroblastos de hornblenda do leucossoma são substituídos por clinopiroxênio e rara granada. Diferenças sutis nas composições dos grãos de hornblenda e clinopiroxênio do anfibolito Cafelândia e do leucossoma ocorrem, mas são mascaradas pela influência da composição da banda na composição dos minerais. De modo geral, a hornblenda no leucossoma é mais rica em Si e Mg do que os grãos da matriz, enquanto o clinopiroxênio do leucossoma é mais rico em Al. Micro-exsoluções no clinopiroxênio do leucossoma também impedem a comparação da sua composição real com os grãos da matriz da rocha. Cálculos termobarométricos foram feitos em amostras do topo e da base estrutural do anfibolito utilizando o termômetro granada-clinopiroxênio e o barômetro granada-clinopiroxênio-plagioclásio-quartzo, além do programa THERMOCALC. A termobarometria convencional fornece valores P-T menores para temperatura e similares de pressão aqueles calculados com o THERMOCALC e não são muito diferentes dos que já foram calculados previamente, com valores para o topo de 870 ºC e 10,9 kbar e para a base de 881 ºC e 9,8 kbar. Se quartzo não é usado nos cálculos P-T, acréscimo de 2 a 3 kbar ocorre nos resultados. Os dados P-T calculados são compatíveis ou algo inferiores aos resultados experimentais de fusão de rochas máficas contendo hornblenda, produção de líquido tonalítico e resíduo contendo clinopiroxênio e granada. A presença de hornblenda dentro do leucossoma do topo da unidade pode estar associada com influxo de H2O no sistema durante a fusão, diferente do que ocorre na base do corpo. É possível que o líquido que se encontrava na porção basal esvai em direção as porções superiores do anfibolito, reidratando a rocha e formando porfiroblastos de hornblenda dentro do leucossoma do topo. Uma conclusão importante tirada aqui é que o protolito do anfibolito Cafelândia pode ser o anfibolito da base da sequência Juscelândia, sobreposta, e que o bandamento composicional foi gerado por metamorfismo, fusão e segregação/perda do liquido e não por metamorfismo de gabro acamadado. / The Cafelândia amphibolite is part of the Serra da Malacacheta sequence, Barro Alto Complex, GO. As it is a rock with well-defined compositional banding, the amphibolite has been interpreted as a product of metamorphism of layered gabbro. However, a feature that reinforces the banding is the presence of leucosome veins, which are mainly parallel to the rock foliation. The transitional contact between amphibolite and some of the veins of leucosome indicate that the veins were formed by in situ melting. The purpose of this study is to investigate the melting process that affected the rock using macroscopic and microscopic descriptions, as well as chemical analysis of minerals in various textural contexts. The compositional banding is defined by variation in modal proportion of hornblende, plagioclase, titanite, clinopyroxene, garnet and quartz. Veins of leucosome with porphyroblasts of hornblende, concordant or discordant to foliation are observed, reinforcing the banding. At the structural top, layers of amphibolite occur with more than 70% of hornblende and others are dominated by clinopyroxene and garnet. Orthopyroxene is rare and its metamorphic origin cannot be assured, being possible that these grains are relicts of the igneous protolith. The garnet and clinopyroxene rich layers do not exceeding thicknesses greater than 5 to 10 cm. In the basal portion hornblende proportion is much smaller, but clinopyroxene and garnet are larger. Orthopyroxene occurs in some outcrops. The porphyroblasts of hornblende from the leucosome are replaced by clinopyroxene and rare garnet. Subtle differences in the composition of the of hornblende and clinopyroxene grains in the Cafelândia amphibolite and leucosome occur, but are masked by the influence of the bulk composition of each band in the composition of minerals. In general, the hornblende in the leucosome is richer in Si and Mg than the matrix grains, whereas the leucosome clinopyroxene is richer in Al. Micro-exsolutions in clinopyroxene in the leucosome also hampers the comparison of its \"real\" composition with the grains of the rock matrix. Thermobarometric calculations were done on samples from the structural top and bottom of amphibolite, using the garnet-clinopyroxene thermometer and garnetclinopyroxene- plagioclase-quartz barometer, besides the THERMOCALC. The conventional thermobarometry provides lower P-T values for temperature and similar pressure to those calculated with the THERMOCALC, and results are not very different from those that have been previously calculated. Results for the top are 870 ºC and 10.9 kbar and for the basis 881 ºC and 9.8 kbar. If quartz is not used in the P-T calculations, raise of 2 to 3 kbar occurs in the results. The calculated P-T data are compatible or something lower than the results of experiments for melting of hornblende-bearing mafic rocks with production tonalitic liquid and clinopyroxene and garnet residue. The hornblende-bearing leucosome of the top of the unit may be associated with influx of H2O in the system during melting, unlike what occurs at the base of the body. It is also possible that the liquid formed in basal portion oozes toward the upper portions of amphibolite, rehydrating it to form the hornblende porphyroblasts within the leucosome. An important conclusion drawn here is that the protolith of amphibolite Cafelândia can be bottom amphibolite of the Juscelândia sequence, which overly the Cafelândia amphibolite, and that the banding was generated by metamorphism, melting and segregation / loss of melt and not by metamorphism of layered gabbro.

O anfibolito Cafelândia faz parte da Sequência Serra da Malacacheta, Complexo Barro Alto, GO. Por ser rocha com bandamento composicional bem definido, o anfibolito tem sido interpretado como produto de metamorfismo de gabro acamadado. Entretando, uma das feições que esse bandamento composicional apresenta é a presença de veios de leucossoma paralelos à foliação da rocha. O contato transicional entre o anfibolito e alguns dos veios de leucossoma indicam que os veios foram formados por fusão in situ. O objetivo do presente trabalho é investigar o processo de fusão que afetou a rocha, utilizando descrições macroscópicas, microscópicas e análises químicas de minerais em diversos contextos texturais. O bandamento composicional é definido pela variação na proporção modal de hornblenda, plagioclásio, titanita, clinopiroxênio, granada e quartzo. Veios de leucossoma com porfiroblastos de hornblenda, concordantes ou discordantes da foliação são observados reforçando o bandamento. No topo estrutural do anfibolito ocorrem camadas com mais de 70% de hornblenda e outras dominadas por clinopiroxênio e granada. Ortopiroxênio é raro e não é possível ter certeza se os grãos presentes são reliquiares do protolito ígneo ou se são metamórficos. As camadas ricas em granada e clinopiroxênio não ultrapassam espessuras maiores que 5 a 10 cm. Na porção basal do anfibolito a proporção de hornblenda é menor e a proporção de clinopiroxênio e granada maior, ocorrendo ortopiroxênio em alguns afloramentos. Os porfiroblastos de hornblenda do leucossoma são substituídos por clinopiroxênio e rara granada. Diferenças sutis nas composições dos grãos de hornblenda e clinopiroxênio do anfibolito Cafelândia e do leucossoma ocorrem, mas são mascaradas pela influência da composição da banda na composição dos minerais. De modo geral, a hornblenda no leucossoma é mais rica em Si e Mg do que os grãos da matriz, enquanto o clinopiroxênio do leucossoma é mais rico em Al. Micro-exsoluções no clinopiroxênio do leucossoma também impedem a comparação da sua composição real com os grãos da matriz da rocha. Cálculos termobarométricos foram feitos em amostras do topo e da base estrutural do anfibolito utilizando o termômetro granada-clinopiroxênio e o barômetro granada-clinopiroxênio-plagioclásio-quartzo, além do programa THERMOCALC. A termobarometria convencional fornece valores P-T menores para temperatura e similares de pressão aqueles calculados com o THERMOCALC e não são muito diferentes dos que já foram calculados previamente, com valores para o topo de 870 ºC e 10,9 kbar e para a base de 881 ºC e 9,8 kbar. Se quartzo não é usado nos cálculos P-T, acréscimo de 2 a 3 kbar ocorre nos resultados. Os dados P-T calculados são compatíveis ou algo inferiores aos resultados experimentais de fusão de rochas máficas contendo hornblenda, produção de líquido tonalítico e resíduo contendo clinopiroxênio e granada. A presença de hornblenda dentro do leucossoma do topo da unidade pode estar associada com influxo de H2O no sistema durante a fusão, diferente do que ocorre na base do corpo. É possível que o líquido que se encontrava na porção basal esvai em direção as porções superiores do anfibolito, reidratando a rocha e formando porfiroblastos de hornblenda dentro do leucossoma do topo. Uma conclusão importante tirada aqui é que o protolito do anfibolito Cafelândia pode ser o anfibolito da base da sequência Juscelândia, sobreposta, e que o bandamento composicional foi gerado por metamorfismo, fusão e segregação/perda do liquido e não por metamorfismo de gabro acamadado. / The Cafelândia amphibolite is part of the Serra da Malacacheta sequence, Barro Alto Complex, GO. As it is a rock with well-defined compositional banding, the amphibolite has been interpreted as a product of metamorphism of layered gabbro. However, a feature that reinforces the banding is the presence of leucosome veins, which are mainly parallel to the rock foliation. The transitional contact between amphibolite and some of the veins of leucosome indicate that the veins were formed by in situ melting. The purpose of this study is to investigate the melting process that affected the rock using macroscopic and microscopic descriptions, as well as chemical analysis of minerals in various textural contexts. The compositional banding is defined by variation in modal proportion of hornblende, plagioclase, titanite, clinopyroxene, garnet and quartz. Veins of leucosome with porphyroblasts of hornblende, concordant or discordant to foliation are observed, reinforcing the banding. At the structural top, layers of amphibolite occur with more than 70% of hornblende and others are dominated by clinopyroxene and garnet. Orthopyroxene is rare and its metamorphic origin cannot be assured, being possible that these grains are relicts of the igneous protolith. The garnet and clinopyroxene rich layers do not exceeding thicknesses greater than 5 to 10 cm. In the basal portion hornblende proportion is much smaller, but clinopyroxene and garnet are larger. Orthopyroxene occurs in some outcrops. The porphyroblasts of hornblende from the leucosome are replaced by clinopyroxene and rare garnet. Subtle differences in the composition of the of hornblende and clinopyroxene grains in the Cafelândia amphibolite and leucosome occur, but are masked by the influence of the bulk composition of each band in the composition of minerals. In general, the hornblende in the leucosome is richer in Si and Mg than the matrix grains, whereas the leucosome clinopyroxene is richer in Al. Micro-exsolutions in clinopyroxene in the leucosome also hampers the comparison of its \"real\" composition with the grains of the rock matrix. Thermobarometric calculations were done on samples from the structural top and bottom of amphibolite, using the garnet-clinopyroxene thermometer and garnetclinopyroxene- plagioclase-quartz barometer, besides the THERMOCALC. The conventional thermobarometry provides lower P-T values for temperature and similar pressure to those calculated with the THERMOCALC, and results are not very different from those that have been previously calculated. Results for the top are 870 ºC and 10.9 kbar and for the basis 881 ºC and 9.8 kbar. If quartz is not used in the P-T calculations, raise of 2 to 3 kbar occurs in the results. The calculated P-T data are compatible or something lower than the results of experiments for melting of hornblende-bearing mafic rocks with production tonalitic liquid and clinopyroxene and garnet residue. The hornblende-bearing leucosome of the top of the unit may be associated with influx of H2O in the system during melting, unlike what occurs at the base of the body. It is also possible that the liquid formed in basal portion oozes toward the upper portions of amphibolite, rehydrating it to form the hornblende porphyroblasts within the leucosome. An important conclusion drawn here is that the protolith of amphibolite Cafelândia can be bottom amphibolite of the Juscelândia sequence, which overly the Cafelândia amphibolite, and that the banding was generated by metamorphism, melting and segregation / loss of melt and not by metamorphism of layered gabbro.

Introduction: Aperçu de la situation géologique et de l'historique des recherches CHAP. I - Physiographie des roches de la chaîne pré-triasique. __ A. Nomenclature. __ B. Méthodes spéciales employées pour la détermination des minéraux __ C. Les types structuraux __ Types 1 Roches ultrabasiques massives __ Types 2 Roches ultrabasiques schisteuses et foliacées __ Types 3 Gabbrodiorites massives (y compris les faciès leucocrates, mélanocrates et pegmatitiques) __ Types 4 Amphibolites feldspathiques foliacées ("Flasergabbros" et "Bänderamphibolite") __ Types 5 Roches cornéo-gneissiques __ Types 6 Quartzites, gneiss et schistes __ Types 7 Roches aphanitiques hémato-potassiques et quartzo chloriteuses de Chamrousse __ Type 8 Filons minéralisateurs de quartz __ Types 9 Paragénèses de minéraux remplissant des fentes __ D. L'association chorismatique des divers types et leur gisement géologique CHAP. II - Composition chimique et caractères provinciaux des roches basiques A. La composition minéralogique virtuelle B. Les relations provinciales des roches basiques CHAP. III - Stratigraphie de la couverture sédimentaire A. La série mésozoïque de la Croix de Chamrousse B. La série de la Balme-Recoin C. Comparaison avec la suite idéalisée du Trias de la zone cristalline externe D. Les spilites intercalés dans les strates du Trias et du Lias inférieur de la zone dauphinoise F. Résumé CHAP. IV - Tectonique A. La tectonique anté-westphalienne B. La tectonique postérieure C. Résumé CHAP. V - Pétrogénèse et orogénèse __ A. Historique __ B. La conception de l'auteur CHAP. VI Remarques sur les formations quaternaires, l'hydrologie et la morphologie __ Bibliographie des ouvrages consultés

京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(理学) / 甲第23713号 / 理博第4803号 / 新制||理||1687(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院理学研究科地球惑星科学専攻 / (主査)准教授 河上 哲生, 教授 田上 高広, 教授 下林 典正 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

The Elisenheim area is situated just north of Windhoek within the Windhoek Formation of the Swakop Subgroup and is underlain by monotonous succession of semi-pelitic schists with intercalations of amphibolite, talc schist, graphitic schist and marble. Petrographic studies on units of the Matchless amphibolite which outcrop in the south of the property, have resulted in the recognition of three different types of amphibolite, namely, epidote amphibolite, porphyroblastic amphibolite and chlorite-amphibole schist. Amphibole porphyroblasts generally display patchy and zonal intergrowths of hornblende and actinolite which are indicative of non-equilibration during prograde metamorphism. Talc schists have been mapped in the north of the property. All lithotypes have undergone three phases of deformation (Fl, FZ, F3) which terminated with the faulting which underlies the Klein Windhoek, Dobra, Tigenschlücht and Kuruma rivers. Medium grade regional metamorphism accompanied F 1, F Z and F 3 and outlasted the latter. Mineral assemblages throughout the area are those of the amphibolite facies and P, T conditions prevailing during metamorphism are estimated to have been at least 5 kb at ~ 550° C. Petrochemical evidence indicates that the Matchless amphibolites are igneous in origin and genetically related to the ultrabasic talc schists. They are similar in composition to oceanic tholeiites and are thought to have been extruded subaqueously.