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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Alfarroba como substituto do cacau no desenvolvimento de bebida sem lactose: otimizaÃÃo, perfil sensorial e comportamento reolÃgico / Carob as cocoa substitute in the development of lactose free beverage: optimization, sensory profile and rheological behaviour

Ana Cristina da Silva Morais 10 April 2015 (has links)
nÃo hà / Diversos efeitos benÃficos sÃo associados ao consumo de cacau em pÃ, como propriedade antioxidante e efeito cardioprotetor. No entanto, devido a algumas desvantagens como amargor e presenÃa de substÃncias estimulantes e alergÃnica, vÃrios produtos tÃm sido testados como substitutos do cacau, dentre os quais se destaca a alfarroba em pÃ. O produto nÃo apresenta tais desvantagens, alÃm de ser naturalmente adoÃada e fonte de fibras. Diante do exposto, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi verificar a viabilidade de substituiÃÃo total do cacau em pà pela alfarroba em pà em bebida sem lactose a base de amÃndoas da castanha de caju (ACC) e avaliar as alteraÃÃes das caracterÃsticas sensoriais, da aceitabilidade e do comportamento reolÃgico da bebida otimizada. A pesquisa foi realizada em duas fases, onde na primeira adotou-se um planejamento fatorial do tipo 2 para avaliar, atravÃs de superfÃcie de resposta, os efeitos da substituiÃÃo do cacau por alfarroba em pà (concentraÃÃo total de 2 g/100 mL), do teor de sacarose e de carragena no pH e no teor de sÃlidos solÃveis da bebida. Na segunda fase, as amostras otimizadas foram submetidas Ãs anÃlises microbiolÃgicas e à determinaÃÃo de atividade de Ãgua (aw), visando garantir a inocuidade para as anÃlises sensoriais. Aplicou-se a anÃlise descritiva quantitativa (ADQ) para verificar as principais propriedades sensoriais da bebida. Na medida de aceitabilidade das amostras, utilizaram-se os testes com escala hedÃnica e escala relativa ao ideal. O comportamento reolÃgico foi avaliado a 10 ÂC utilizando reÃmetro com placas paralelas. A proporÃÃo de cacau/alfarroba influenciou sutilmente somente o pH da bebida. Desta forma, decidiu-se pela substituiÃÃo total do cacau pela alfarroba em pÃ. As contagens microbianas estavam em nÃveis baixos aceitÃveis, garantindo a seguranÃa do produto, e a atividade de Ãgua situou-se em torno de 0,9838-0,9958. As propriedades sensoriais que apresentaram maior variaÃÃo entre as amostras foram cor marrom, aparÃncia viscosa, aroma de torrefaÃÃo, gosto doce e textura encorpada. As sete formulaÃÃes alcanÃaram boa aceitaÃÃo sensorial. No entanto, as duas amostras com menores teores de sacarose apresentaram menor aceitaÃÃo indicando a grande influÃncia da doÃura para a aceitaÃÃo da bebida. Recomenda-se 16% de sacarose para obter a doÃura ideal. As amostras apresentaram comportamento nÃo Newtoniano. Conclui-se que a substituiÃÃo do cacau pela alfarroba em pà na bebida de ACC (2 g/100 mL) à viÃvel, resultando em um produto de boa aceitaÃÃo sensorial. / Several benefits are associated with cocoa powder consumption as antioxidant properties and cardioprotective effect. However, due to some disadvantages, such as bitterness and the presence of stimulating and allergenic substances, many other products have been tested as a cocoa substitute, and among them carob powder has stood out. The product does not have the same disadvantages of cocoa, besides being naturally sweetened and source of fiber. According to the informations presented, the objective of this research was to investigate the feasibility of full replacement of cocoa powder by carob powder in lactose-free beverage cashew nut almond (CNA)-based as well as to evaluate changes in sensory characteristics, acceptability and rheological behaviour of the optimized beverage. The survey was conducted in two phases, in the first phase a factorial planning type 2 was carried out in order to evaluate, through response surface, the effects of cocoa replacement by carob powder (total concentration of 2 g/100 mL), of sucrose and carrageenan content in the pH and also in the soluble solids content of the beverage. As for the second phase, the optimized samples were subjected to microbiological analyzes, just as well to the determination of water activity (aw), in order to ensure safety for the sensory analysis. A quantitative descriptive analysis (QDA) was applied to verify the main sensory properties of the beverage. Tests with hedonic scale and just about right scale were used to verify the acceptance level of the samples. The rheological behaviour was evaluated at 10 ÂC with a rheometer with parallel plates. The proportion of cocoa/carob just slightly influenced the pH of the beverage. Thus, it was decided to full substitution of the cocoa by carob powder. Microbial counts were in low acceptable levels, ensuring product safety, and water activity stood at around 0.9838 to 0.9958. The sensory properties which presented greater variation among the samples were brown color, viscous appearance, roasting aroma, sweet taste and thickness. The seven formulations achieved good sensory acceptance. However, the two samples with lower sucrose levels presented a lowers acceptance indicating the great influence of sweetness level to the acceptance of the beverage. It is recommended the use of 16% sucrose for optimal sweetness. The samples presented a non-Newtonian behaviour. Finally it was possible to conclude that the replacement of cocoa by carob powder (2 g/100 mL) in lactose-free beverage CNA-based is feasible, resulting in a product of good sensory acceptance.

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