<p>Complex socio-technical systems, like command and control work in military operations and rescue operations, are becoming more and more common in the society, and there is a growing urge for more useful and effective systems. Qualitative data from complex socio-technical systems can be challenging to analyse. This thesis probes one way of enhancing existing analysis methods to better suit this task.</p><p>Our case study is carried out at FOI (the Swedish Defence Research Agency). One of FOI’s tasks is to analyse complex situations, for example military operations, and they have developed an approach called the Reconstruction – exploration approach (R&E) for analysing distributed tactical operations (DTOs). The R&E approach has a rich contextual approach, but lacks a systematic analytic methodology.</p><p>The assignment of this thesis is to investigate how the R&E approach could be enhanced and possibly merged with other existing cognitive analysis methods to better suit the analysis of DTOs. We identified that the R&E approach’s main weaknesses were the lack of structure and insufficient way of handling subjective data, which contributed to difficulties when performing a deeper analysis. The approach also needed a well-defined analysis method for increasing the validity of the identified results.</p><p>One way of improvement was to integrate the R&E approach with several cognitive analysis methods based on their respective individual strengths. We started by analysing the R&E approach and then identified qualities in other methods that complemented the weaknesses in the R&E approach. Finally we developed an integrated method.</p><p>The Critical Decision Method (CDM) appeared to be the most suitable method for integration with the R&E approach. Nevertheless, the CDM did not have all the qualities asked for so we chose to use functions from other methods included in our initial analysis as well; ETA and Grounded theory.</p><p>The integration resulted in a method with a well-defined method for analysis and the possibility to handle subjective data. This can contribute to a deeper analysis of DTOs.</p>

Complex socio-technical systems, like command and control work in military operations and rescue operations, are becoming more and more common in the society, and there is a growing urge for more useful and effective systems. Qualitative data from complex socio-technical systems can be challenging to analyse. This thesis probes one way of enhancing existing analysis methods to better suit this task. Our case study is carried out at FOI (the Swedish Defence Research Agency). One of FOI’s tasks is to analyse complex situations, for example military operations, and they have developed an approach called the Reconstruction – exploration approach (R&amp;E) for analysing distributed tactical operations (DTOs). The R&amp;E approach has a rich contextual approach, but lacks a systematic analytic methodology. The assignment of this thesis is to investigate how the R&amp;E approach could be enhanced and possibly merged with other existing cognitive analysis methods to better suit the analysis of DTOs. We identified that the R&amp;E approach’s main weaknesses were the lack of structure and insufficient way of handling subjective data, which contributed to difficulties when performing a deeper analysis. The approach also needed a well-defined analysis method for increasing the validity of the identified results. One way of improvement was to integrate the R&amp;E approach with several cognitive analysis methods based on their respective individual strengths. We started by analysing the R&amp;E approach and then identified qualities in other methods that complemented the weaknesses in the R&amp;E approach. Finally we developed an integrated method. The Critical Decision Method (CDM) appeared to be the most suitable method for integration with the R&amp;E approach. Nevertheless, the CDM did not have all the qualities asked for so we chose to use functions from other methods included in our initial analysis as well; ETA and Grounded theory. The integration resulted in a method with a well-defined method for analysis and the possibility to handle subjective data. This can contribute to a deeper analysis of DTOs.

L’identité professionnelle des enseignant-e-s des deux Congo. Les enseignant-e-s du primaire et du secondaire des deux pays, le Congo-Brazzaville et le Congo-Kinshasa, ont traversé, ces quarante (40) dernières années, des difficultés socio- économiques et politiques qui ont affecté leur éthique professionnelle, les obligeant à remettre en cause leur identité professionnelle. Des analyses sur les contextes éducatifs, les actions professionnelles, les aspects socio-relationnels, organisationnels, institutionnels et non formels nous permettront : d’étudier le rôle joué par la formation initiale des enseignants, de situer les questions relatives aux financements des structures éducatives ainsi que l’efficacité desdits financements, de comprendre la désaffection généralisée et l’affaiblissement du statut social et économique de la fonction d’enseignant-e. Tout ceci permettra de mieux expliquer le caractère de vulnérabilité des enseignants actuels, et de justifier ce qu’est « le revêtement identitaire idéalisé » selon (Dubar, 2000 :165). L’analyse des résultats de 103 interviews biographiques avec des enseignant-e-s formé-e-s pendant 4 périodes différentes sont présentées et analysées. Les résultats indiquent qu’a chaque période correspond une identité professionnelle de base. Sur le plan social, les enseignants, qui se considèrent comme Sisyphe du 21ème siècle et kamikazes des temps modernes, disent vivre une « tempête, une panique et une débandade identitaires » . Une étude comparative montrera le degré d’intervention dans les deux capitales proches géographiquement, mais ayant des systèmes éducatifs divergents : le Congo-Brazzaville ayant hérité du système français, le Congo-Kinshasa ayant hérité du système Belge. La comparaison sera intra-pays et inter-pays, et concernera les formations initiale et professionnelle des deux pays afin d’interroger leurs systèmes nationaux et les éventuelles similarités ou différences identitaires. / The professional identity of teachers : Analysis of situations and comparison’s studies between the Congo-Brazzaville and the Congo-Kinshasa. During the last forty (40) years, teachers of both The Congo-Brazzaville and The Congo-Kinshasa have known social, economical and political problems which affected their professional ethic, forcing them to question themselves about their professional identity. Studies of the educational settings, professional actions, socio-relational, organisational, institutional and non formal aspects will enable us: to study the role of the teachers’ initial training, to assess the issues related to the funding of the educational structures together with its efficiency, to understand the generalized disaffection and the weakness of the social and economical position of the teacher’s duty. All these will enable a better explanation of the vulnerability of current teachers and justify the “idealized identity revetment” according to (Dubar.2000:165). The analysis of the outcomes of 103 biographic interviews conducted with teachers trained during 4 different periods revealed that each period corresponds to a basic professional identity.In the social context, teachers who consider themselves as Sisyphe of 21st century and the new kamikazes talk about an identity panic and scuttle. A comparative study will show the level of involvement in both cities geographically close to each other. The educational systems are different: the Congo-Brazzaville inherited the French system and The Congo-Kinshasa the Belgian one. The comparison will be intra-countries and inter-countries and will entail the initial and professional trainings of both countries in order to question their national systems and any eventual identity similarities or differences.