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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Développement d’une stratégie analytique dédiée aux esters organophosphorés. Contribution à l’évaluation de l’exposition alimentaire de l’homme à ces contaminants ré-émergents via l’alimentation

Halloum, Wafaa 31 January 2017 (has links)
De récentes études ayant pointé les potentiels effets de perturbation endocrinienne d’esters organophosphorés (OPE), dont l’utilisation globale en tant que retardateurs de flamme et plastifiants est en constante augmentation, font apparaître le besoin d’une évaluation approfondie des risques. Malgré des efforts passés pour l'analyse de ces contaminants ré-émergents dans divers compartiments environnementaux abiotiques, peu d'informations sont disponibles pour le biote, en partie en raison de l'absence de stratégie analytique efficace. La thèse visait d'abord à développer une stratégie d'analyse robuste dédiée à l’analyse d’une large gamme d'OPE à l’état de traces dans le poisson et d’autres denrées alimentaires. La stratégie retenue est basée sur l'extraction liquide sélective sous pression et la chromatographie par perméation de gel. La détection a été réalisée par chromatographie en phase gazeuse couplée à la spectrométrie de masse en tandem, avec ionisation par impact électronique ou chimique à pression atmosphérique, cette dernière étant plus spécifique et innovante. Le second objectif visait à produire des données de prévalence originales et utiles à l'évaluation de l'exposition en France. Des jeux de poissons et de denrées emballées ont présenté des niveaux totaux inférieurs à 10 et jusqu'à 100 ng/g pf, respectivement. Une première exploitation des données sur poissons en termes d'évaluation quantitative de risque pour l’Homme a dévoilé des ratios de risques faibles au regard de données toxicologiques disponibles. Néanmoins, des données complémentaires sur l'exposition et la toxicologie seront indispensables pour conclure quant aux implications en santé publique. / As recent studies highlighted that several organophosphate esters (OPEs) exhibit potential endocrine disrupting effects, in-depth risk assessment is required, when their global use as flame retardants and plasticizers is considerably increased. Despite previous efforts on the analysis and exposure assessment of these re-emerging contaminants in various abiotic environmental compartments, still limited information is available in biota samples, partly due to the lack of efficient analytical strategies. The thesis aimed first at developing a robust analytical strategy dedicated to the determination of a wide range of OPEs at trace levels in fish and other foodstuffs. The developed strategy involved selective pressurized liquid extraction with Florisil® as lipid sorbent, followed by further purification step by gel permeation chromatography. The extract analysis was then performed by gas chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry fitted with electron impact or atmospheric pressure chemical ionisation mode, the latter being a more specific and innovative approach. The second aim was to apply the developed strategy to produce original occurrence data that can be useful for exposure assessment at the French level. Fish sample sets exhibited levels below 10 ng/g fw while packaged foodstuffs presented levels up to 100 ng/g fw. A first interpretation of these data in terms of dietary human quantitative risk assessment through fish consumption tended to show low risk ratios in connection with available toxicological data. However, additional exposure and toxicological data is required before any conclusions regarding public health implication can be drawn
2

A busca e o uso da informação em rede : seguindo o trajeto do internauta em revista científica eletrônica

Dantas, Geórgia Geogletti Cordeiro January 2008 (has links)
O periódico eletrônico ganha cada vez mais credibilidade no campo da informação científica, e muitas são as iniciativas para a criação de novos periódicos. Contudo, apesar desse crescimento em número, são poucos os estudos que abordam a busca e o uso de informação realizados nas versões eletrônicas destes produtos, assim como o internauta que os acessa. A análise de logs é um método que objetiva identificar as ações dos usuários de um site através da investigação dos arquivos de logs do servidor web. Esse tipo de análise pode auxiliar no levantamento de informações sobre a utilização de um periódico eletrônico, mas poucas foram as pesquisas brasileiras que adotaram este método. Dessa forma, torna-se necessário também avaliar esse método aplicado ao estudo de periódicos. O foco da pesquisa é analisar o comportamento de busca e uso da informação em periódicos científicos eletrônicos por meio da análise de logs da revista Psicologia: reflexão e crítica. Esse trabalho objetiva também levantar as diferentes formas de acesso ao periódico, verificar o número de acessos e sua distribuição pelo território nacional, verificar a freqüência de uso do periódico, verificar os tipos de internauta a visitar o periódico, levantar os padrões de comportamento de busca e uso possíveis. As bases teóricas para essa pesquisa são os conceitos de comportamento de busca e uso da informação, periódico científico eletrônico e visibilidade. A metodologia utilizada é a análise de logs fornecidos pela Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), para a obtenção de dados quantitativos, e entrevistas, para a obtenção de dados qualitativos. Por meio da metodologia aplicada chegou-se a um panorama geral da busca e uso do periódico, onde foram determinadas a freqüência de visitação, quem utiliza, quais suas ações no periódico e a origem desses internautas. Constatou-se também a existência de oito padrões de comportamento informacional, que são as seqüências de ações com maior probabilidade de serem realizadas pelos usuários do periódico. / The electronic journals are increasingly gaining more credibility in the information science field, and there are many initiatives for the creation of new journals. However, despite this growth in quantity, there are only a few studies on the information search and use performed in the electronic version of these products, as well as the user who access them. The log analysis is a method which aims to identify the actions of the users of a site through the investigation of the web server’s log files. This type of analysis can help in obtaining information regarding the use of an electronic journal, but there are only a few Brazilian studies which adopted this method. Hence, it is also necessary to evaluate this methodology applied to the journals study. The focus of this research is to analyze the information search and use behavior in scientific electronic journals through the logs analysis of the journal Psicologia: reflexão e crítica. This work also aims to identify the different forms of accessing the journal, to verify the access number and its distribution in the national territory, to verify the frequency of use of the journal, to verify the types of users that visit the journal, and to identify the patterns of the possible information search and use behavior. The theoretic basis for this research are the concepts of information search and use behavior, scientific electronic journal and visibility. The used methodology is the analysis of the logs provided by the Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), for gathering the quantitative data, and interviews, for gathering the qualitative data. Through the applied methodology we have reached a general view of information search and use behavior in the journal, and in this occasion it was determined the visiting frequency, who uses it, what were his/her actions in the journal and the origin of there users. It was also identified the existence of eight patterns of informational behavior, which are the sequences of actions with the biggest probability of being performed by the users of the journal.
3

A busca e o uso da informação em rede : seguindo o trajeto do internauta em revista científica eletrônica

Dantas, Geórgia Geogletti Cordeiro January 2008 (has links)
O periódico eletrônico ganha cada vez mais credibilidade no campo da informação científica, e muitas são as iniciativas para a criação de novos periódicos. Contudo, apesar desse crescimento em número, são poucos os estudos que abordam a busca e o uso de informação realizados nas versões eletrônicas destes produtos, assim como o internauta que os acessa. A análise de logs é um método que objetiva identificar as ações dos usuários de um site através da investigação dos arquivos de logs do servidor web. Esse tipo de análise pode auxiliar no levantamento de informações sobre a utilização de um periódico eletrônico, mas poucas foram as pesquisas brasileiras que adotaram este método. Dessa forma, torna-se necessário também avaliar esse método aplicado ao estudo de periódicos. O foco da pesquisa é analisar o comportamento de busca e uso da informação em periódicos científicos eletrônicos por meio da análise de logs da revista Psicologia: reflexão e crítica. Esse trabalho objetiva também levantar as diferentes formas de acesso ao periódico, verificar o número de acessos e sua distribuição pelo território nacional, verificar a freqüência de uso do periódico, verificar os tipos de internauta a visitar o periódico, levantar os padrões de comportamento de busca e uso possíveis. As bases teóricas para essa pesquisa são os conceitos de comportamento de busca e uso da informação, periódico científico eletrônico e visibilidade. A metodologia utilizada é a análise de logs fornecidos pela Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), para a obtenção de dados quantitativos, e entrevistas, para a obtenção de dados qualitativos. Por meio da metodologia aplicada chegou-se a um panorama geral da busca e uso do periódico, onde foram determinadas a freqüência de visitação, quem utiliza, quais suas ações no periódico e a origem desses internautas. Constatou-se também a existência de oito padrões de comportamento informacional, que são as seqüências de ações com maior probabilidade de serem realizadas pelos usuários do periódico. / The electronic journals are increasingly gaining more credibility in the information science field, and there are many initiatives for the creation of new journals. However, despite this growth in quantity, there are only a few studies on the information search and use performed in the electronic version of these products, as well as the user who access them. The log analysis is a method which aims to identify the actions of the users of a site through the investigation of the web server’s log files. This type of analysis can help in obtaining information regarding the use of an electronic journal, but there are only a few Brazilian studies which adopted this method. Hence, it is also necessary to evaluate this methodology applied to the journals study. The focus of this research is to analyze the information search and use behavior in scientific electronic journals through the logs analysis of the journal Psicologia: reflexão e crítica. This work also aims to identify the different forms of accessing the journal, to verify the access number and its distribution in the national territory, to verify the frequency of use of the journal, to verify the types of users that visit the journal, and to identify the patterns of the possible information search and use behavior. The theoretic basis for this research are the concepts of information search and use behavior, scientific electronic journal and visibility. The used methodology is the analysis of the logs provided by the Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), for gathering the quantitative data, and interviews, for gathering the qualitative data. Through the applied methodology we have reached a general view of information search and use behavior in the journal, and in this occasion it was determined the visiting frequency, who uses it, what were his/her actions in the journal and the origin of there users. It was also identified the existence of eight patterns of informational behavior, which are the sequences of actions with the biggest probability of being performed by the users of the journal.
4

A busca e o uso da informação em rede : seguindo o trajeto do internauta em revista científica eletrônica

Dantas, Geórgia Geogletti Cordeiro January 2008 (has links)
O periódico eletrônico ganha cada vez mais credibilidade no campo da informação científica, e muitas são as iniciativas para a criação de novos periódicos. Contudo, apesar desse crescimento em número, são poucos os estudos que abordam a busca e o uso de informação realizados nas versões eletrônicas destes produtos, assim como o internauta que os acessa. A análise de logs é um método que objetiva identificar as ações dos usuários de um site através da investigação dos arquivos de logs do servidor web. Esse tipo de análise pode auxiliar no levantamento de informações sobre a utilização de um periódico eletrônico, mas poucas foram as pesquisas brasileiras que adotaram este método. Dessa forma, torna-se necessário também avaliar esse método aplicado ao estudo de periódicos. O foco da pesquisa é analisar o comportamento de busca e uso da informação em periódicos científicos eletrônicos por meio da análise de logs da revista Psicologia: reflexão e crítica. Esse trabalho objetiva também levantar as diferentes formas de acesso ao periódico, verificar o número de acessos e sua distribuição pelo território nacional, verificar a freqüência de uso do periódico, verificar os tipos de internauta a visitar o periódico, levantar os padrões de comportamento de busca e uso possíveis. As bases teóricas para essa pesquisa são os conceitos de comportamento de busca e uso da informação, periódico científico eletrônico e visibilidade. A metodologia utilizada é a análise de logs fornecidos pela Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), para a obtenção de dados quantitativos, e entrevistas, para a obtenção de dados qualitativos. Por meio da metodologia aplicada chegou-se a um panorama geral da busca e uso do periódico, onde foram determinadas a freqüência de visitação, quem utiliza, quais suas ações no periódico e a origem desses internautas. Constatou-se também a existência de oito padrões de comportamento informacional, que são as seqüências de ações com maior probabilidade de serem realizadas pelos usuários do periódico. / The electronic journals are increasingly gaining more credibility in the information science field, and there are many initiatives for the creation of new journals. However, despite this growth in quantity, there are only a few studies on the information search and use performed in the electronic version of these products, as well as the user who access them. The log analysis is a method which aims to identify the actions of the users of a site through the investigation of the web server’s log files. This type of analysis can help in obtaining information regarding the use of an electronic journal, but there are only a few Brazilian studies which adopted this method. Hence, it is also necessary to evaluate this methodology applied to the journals study. The focus of this research is to analyze the information search and use behavior in scientific electronic journals through the logs analysis of the journal Psicologia: reflexão e crítica. This work also aims to identify the different forms of accessing the journal, to verify the access number and its distribution in the national territory, to verify the frequency of use of the journal, to verify the types of users that visit the journal, and to identify the patterns of the possible information search and use behavior. The theoretic basis for this research are the concepts of information search and use behavior, scientific electronic journal and visibility. The used methodology is the analysis of the logs provided by the Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), for gathering the quantitative data, and interviews, for gathering the qualitative data. Through the applied methodology we have reached a general view of information search and use behavior in the journal, and in this occasion it was determined the visiting frequency, who uses it, what were his/her actions in the journal and the origin of there users. It was also identified the existence of eight patterns of informational behavior, which are the sequences of actions with the biggest probability of being performed by the users of the journal.
5

Développement d’une stratégie analytique dédiée aux dechloranes : Contribution à l’évaluation de l’exposition alimentaire et de l’imprégnation de l’homme à ces contaminants émergents / Development of an analytical strategy dedicated to Dechloranes : Contribution to the assessment of dietary exposure to these persistent and emerging contaminants

Abdel Malak, Inas 29 November 2018 (has links)
Les retardateurs de flamme (RF) sont des substances utilisées dans de nombreux produits synthétiques pour limiter la propagation du feu et ainsi améliorer la sécurité des habitations et des lieux publics. En raison de leur stabilité, de leur bioaccumulation et de leur toxicité, l’utilisation massive de certains RF, en particulier halogénés parmi lesquels la famille de Dechloranes, génère cependant un problème de contamination de l’environnement qui pose aujourd’hui la question d’éventuelles répercussions sur la santé humaine. Les Dechloranes ont été détectés pour la première fois dans l’environnement en 2006 et préoccupent, depuis, la communauté scientifique et les autorités sanitaires. Le présent travail avait pour objectif de contribuer à combler le manque manifeste de données sur les niveaux de prévalence en Dechloranes.Pour ce faire, une stratégie analytique ciblée, dédiée à l’identification et à la quantification des Dechloranes à l’état de traces (pg/g) dans des denrées alimentaires d’origine animale (DAOA) et des huiles végétales et basée sur un couplage GC-HRMS a été développé. Une attention particulière a été portée à la maîtrise des contaminations procédurales, eu égard au caractère ubiquitaire de certains composés. L’application de la méthode développée à 378 échantillons de poissons d’eaux douces de surface en France et de DAOA et huiles végétale collectées en France, au Liban et dans quatre pays d’Afrique subsaharienne a permis de brosser le premier état des lieux des niveaux de contamination environnementale et alimentaire dans ces pays, jusqu’à estimer l'exposition alimentaire de leurs populations à ces composés persistants et émergents. / Flame retardants (FR) are substances used in many synthetic products to limit the spread of fire and thus improve the safety of homes and public places. Due to their stability, bioaccumulation and toxicity, certain FRs, in particular halogenated ones among which the family of Dechloranes, are widely used, generating an issue of environmental contamination with potential repercussions on human health. Dechloranes were detected for the first time in the environment in 2006 and have since raised concerns to the scientific community and health authorities. The purpose of this paper is to help fill the obvious gap in data on prevalence levels of Dechloranes. To this end, a targeted analytical strategy dedicated to the identification and quantification of trace amounts of Dechloranes (pg/g) in animal foods (DAOA)and vegetable oils based on a GC-HRMS method has been developed. Particular attention has been paid to the control of procedural contaminations, given the ubiquitous nature of certain compounds. This method was applied to 378 samples of surface freshwater fish in France and DAOA and vegetable oils collected in France, Lebanon and four sub-Saharan African countries, and draw for the first time an inventory of levels of environmental and food contamination in these countries to estimate the dietary exposure of their populations to these persistent and emerging compounds

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