Submitted by (lucia.rodrigues@ufrpe.br) on 2017-03-10T13:59:33Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dyana de Albuquerque Tenorio.pdf: 445918 bytes, checksum: d270e8722b0e94f0c8652a0d0b6768ec (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-10T13:59:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dyana de Albuquerque Tenorio.pdf: 445918 bytes, checksum: d270e8722b0e94f0c8652a0d0b6768ec (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-02-24 / Rhizoctonia solani causes diseases on a range of hosts and one of the most important diseases on common bean and cowpea, known in Brazil as "rizoctoniose”, “mela” or “murcha da teia micélica”. This study aimed to characterize the genetic and pathogenic diversity of R. solani isolates obtained from common bean and cowpea with “rizoctoniose” symptoms in the Agreste Meridional of Pernambuco. Isolates of R. solani were evaluated regarding anastomosis groups (inferred from ITS rDNA phylogeny), morphology and pathogenicity. The genetic diversity was evaluated through the use of sequences of the ITS region of the rDNA. Fifty-seven isolates of R. solani were obtained from common bean and cowpea production areas. Colonies of the fungus isolated were initialy white, becoming brown or beige with age. The production of microsclerotia was observed only after 15 days of incubation. The growth rate of colonies ranged from 1.7 to 3.6 cm.day־¹. In the phylogeny using ITS rDNA the majority of isolates from commom bean and cowpea grouped together in the AG4 HG-I and one of cowpea grouped in AG2-2 IIIB. All isolates where patogenic to cowpea IPA-207 cultivar, showing severity levels from 40 to 92.8%. Thus, in the Agreste Meridional of Pernambuco, the “rizoctoniose” of cowpea and common bean is caused mainly by Rhizoctonia solani AG4 HG-I / Rhizoctonia solani apresenta vasta gama de hospedeiros e causa uma das principais doenças do feijoeiro, conhecida como rizoctoniose, mela ou murcha da teia micélica. Este estudo objetivou caracterizar a diversidade genética e patogênica de isolados de R. solani de plantas de feijão-caupi e feijão-comum com sintomas de rizoctoniose, coletados em áreas de produção no Agreste Meridional de Pernambuco. Foram avaliadas a morfologia e a patogenicidade dos isolados de R. solani. Foi realizada a caracterização genética utilizando seqüências gênicas da região ITS do rDNA e inferidos os grupos de anastomose. Dentre os 57 isolados de R. solani incluidos no estudo a maioria apresentou colônias de cor inicialmente branca, que tornavam-se marrom ou bege com o envelhecimento da colônia. A formação de microesclerócios somente foi observada após 15 dias. A taxa de crescimento micelial variou entre 1,7 e 3,6 (cm.dia־¹). Na análise filogenética na qual utilizou-se a região ITS do rDNA a maior parte dos isolados de feijão-caupi e feijão-comum agrupou no grupo de anastomose AG4 HG-I e um isolado de feijão-caupi no grupo AG2-2 IIIB. Todos os isolados foram patogênicos ao feijão-caupi cultivar IPA-207, com níveis de severidade entre 40 e 92,8%. Portanto, no Agreste Meridional a rizoctoniose do feijão-caupi e do feijão-comum é causada principalmente pelo grupo AG4 HG-I de R. solani.

Rhizoctoniasis of potato occurs in all regions of the world where the crop is grown. The disease is caused by various anastomosis groups (AGs) of the fungus Rhizoctonia solani, of which AG-3 is the most common. Very little information is available on the AGs involved in potato rhizoctoniasis in South Africa. This study elucidated the etiology of the disease in the country and also provided guidelines regarding alternative control strategies. The vast majority (99.3 %) of R. solani isolates from symptomatic potato tubers collected at seven of the 14 potato production regions in South Africa belonged to AG-3, and 0.7 % to AG-5. Of the isolates from infected stems and roots, 82.1 % were AG-3, 12.8 % AG-4, and 5.1 % AG-5. Isolations from soil yielded 67.7 % AG-3, 22.0 % AG-4, 5.5 % AG-5, and 2.4 % of each of AG-7 and AG-8. In vitro screening indicated that AG-3 isolates were the most virulent. The progeny of seed tubers naturally infected with R. solani was rendered free of infection by dipping the tubers in hot water at 55 C for 8 minutes, 60 ºC for 6 minutes, or 65 ºC for 4 minutes. However, treatments more severe than 55 ºC for 8 minutes progressively increased tuber mortality. OA5 DP, an organic tin complex, proved to be the most effective of 20 disinfectants for killing sclerotia of the pathogen on seed tubers and rendering the progeny free of infection, but exhibited acute phytotoxicity towards the tubers. Significant control without any phytotoxicity was achieved with the didecyl ammonium chloride compound, Sporekill. Tolclofos-methyl was the only fungicide that provided total control of potato rhizoctoniasis, whereas seed tuber treatment with fludioxonil, kresoxim-methyl and metam-sodium significantly reduced disease in the progeny. Incorporation of of the biocontrol formulation TrykocideTM (Trichoderma harzianum) into soils artificially infested with R. solani AG-3 eradicated the pathogen. Significant reductions in pathogen populations were also evident in soils amended with azoxystrobin, kresoxim-methyl, MaxifloTM Azospirillum brasilense), AvogreenTM (Bacillus subtilis), cattle, chicken and sheep manure, citrus and mango waste compost, composted kraal manure, and shoot tissues of Brassica napus, B. oleracea var. capitata, Raphanus sativus, Sinapsis alba and Tagetes minuta. TrykocideTM provided total control of stem canker in artificially infested soil, whereas kresoxim-methyl, azoxystrobin, sheep manure, B. napus and B. oleracea var. capitata shoot tissue, mango waste compost, and the systemic resistance-inducing compound, acibenzolar-s-methyl, reduced the disease significantly. / Dissertation (MSc (Plant Pathology))--University of Pretoria, 2006. / Microbiology and Plant Pathology / unrestricted