In his innovative publication of 1543, De Humani Corporis Fabrica, the anatomist and physician Andreas Vesalius (1514-1564) transformed the traditional definition, theories, and representations of human anatomy, dissection, and anatomical theater. This particular project explores the transformation through an analysis of the Fabrica's frontispiece, osteological, and myological woodcuts, which are found in Book I and Book II. This paper argues that Vesalius conceives of his book, beginning with the frontispiece, as a theatrum, a constructed space for presenting knowledge visually to its reader-viewers. Within that space there is a tension in the Fabrica between its new empirical claims and its modes of representation, which emphasize instead the artificial, theatrical, and rhetorical. By incorporating elements of performance and spectacle and by decontextualizing the anatomical theater and its figures through the use of recognizable artistic conventions--including allegorical Dances of Death and ancient statuary--Vesalius manages to capture the viewer's unflinching visual attention while also disguising some of the more gruesome realities and destructive methods of human dissection. / Art History

A Anatomia, independente da fase histórica, sempre foi o estandarte da cirurgia. De certa forma isso foi negligenciado pelos tecnólogos da educação que não souberam adaptar as novas tendências ao ensino da prática Médica, diminuindo a vivência cirúrgica e o uso da dissecção. Paralelamente houve uma desvinculação de disciplinas básicas e aplicadas dificultando a evolução do aprendizado anatomo-cirúrgico. Diante de tais fatos, esse trabalho preocupou-se em trazer uma opção de ensino integrado de Anatomia e Cirurgia utilizando-se de um espaço não-formal sob a forma de Teatros Anatômicos. Após construção e adaptação do Teatro Coliseu, seguindo os moldes dos Teatros Anatômicos da antiguidade, foram realizadas 6 cirurgias divididas em 6 experimentos com a participação de 15 alunos no total, os quais formaram a platéia do Teatro. Esses alunos foram avaliados e classificados antes e depois das participações nos procedimentos onde tiveram que identificar estruturas anatômicas participantes do contexto cirúrgico juntamente com a simulação do procedimento anteriormente observado. Em todos os experimentos houve melhora significativa do conhecimento anatomo-cirúrgico, sendo que todos os alunos (100%) terminaram classificados no grupo A (acima de 75% de acertos) independente da classificação inicial, que foi na sua maioria C (25 a 50%) e D (abaixo de 25%). Terminados os experimentos, os alunos participantes responderam a um questionário de satisfação com relação às funcionalidades do Teatro utilizado. Nesses questionários, houveram diversas manifestações positivas tornando o Teatro Anatômico um modelo eficiente tanto no quesito técnico quanto motivacional. Observado os resultados, indicamos o Teatro Anatômico como modelo eficaz de ensino não-formal de Anatomia e Cirurgia Veterinária / The Anatomy, regardless of historical period, has always been the inspiration of surgery. Somehow this was overlooked by educational technologists who were unable to adapt to new trends in the teaching of medical practice, diminishing the surgery visualization and the use of surgical dissection. In parallel there was a discrepancy between basic and applied disciplines hindering the progress of learning. Given these facts, this work was concerned to bring an option for integrated teaching of anatomy and surgery using a non-formal space in the form of Anatomical Theatres. After construction and adaptation of the Coliseum Theatre, along the lines of the classic Anatomical Theatres , were performed six surgeries with experiments involving 15 students in total, which formed the audience of the Theatre. These students were evaluated and graded before and after participation in the procedures and they had to identify anatomical structures participating in the surgery with the simulation of surgical procedure previously observed. In all experiments a significant improvement was observed in knowledge of anatomy, surgical, and all students (100%) ended classified in group A (above 75% accuracy) independent of the initial classification, which was mostly C (25-50 %) and D (below 25%). After finishing the experiments, the students answered a questionnaire of satisfaction with the features of the Theatre used. In these questionnaires, there were several positive reports classifying the Anatomical Theater as efficient model both technical and motivational. With the observed results, we recommend the Anatomical Theater as a model of effective non-formal education of Veterinary Anatomy and Surgery

A Anatomia, independente da fase histórica, sempre foi o estandarte da cirurgia. De certa forma isso foi negligenciado pelos tecnólogos da educação que não souberam adaptar as novas tendências ao ensino da prática Médica, diminuindo a vivência cirúrgica e o uso da dissecção. Paralelamente houve uma desvinculação de disciplinas básicas e aplicadas dificultando a evolução do aprendizado anatomo-cirúrgico. Diante de tais fatos, esse trabalho preocupou-se em trazer uma opção de ensino integrado de Anatomia e Cirurgia utilizando-se de um espaço não-formal sob a forma de Teatros Anatômicos. Após construção e adaptação do Teatro Coliseu, seguindo os moldes dos Teatros Anatômicos da antiguidade, foram realizadas 6 cirurgias divididas em 6 experimentos com a participação de 15 alunos no total, os quais formaram a platéia do Teatro. Esses alunos foram avaliados e classificados antes e depois das participações nos procedimentos onde tiveram que identificar estruturas anatômicas participantes do contexto cirúrgico juntamente com a simulação do procedimento anteriormente observado. Em todos os experimentos houve melhora significativa do conhecimento anatomo-cirúrgico, sendo que todos os alunos (100%) terminaram classificados no grupo A (acima de 75% de acertos) independente da classificação inicial, que foi na sua maioria C (25 a 50%) e D (abaixo de 25%). Terminados os experimentos, os alunos participantes responderam a um questionário de satisfação com relação às funcionalidades do Teatro utilizado. Nesses questionários, houveram diversas manifestações positivas tornando o Teatro Anatômico um modelo eficiente tanto no quesito técnico quanto motivacional. Observado os resultados, indicamos o Teatro Anatômico como modelo eficaz de ensino não-formal de Anatomia e Cirurgia Veterinária / The Anatomy, regardless of historical period, has always been the inspiration of surgery. Somehow this was overlooked by educational technologists who were unable to adapt to new trends in the teaching of medical practice, diminishing the surgery visualization and the use of surgical dissection. In parallel there was a discrepancy between basic and applied disciplines hindering the progress of learning. Given these facts, this work was concerned to bring an option for integrated teaching of anatomy and surgery using a non-formal space in the form of Anatomical Theatres. After construction and adaptation of the Coliseum Theatre, along the lines of the classic Anatomical Theatres , were performed six surgeries with experiments involving 15 students in total, which formed the audience of the Theatre. These students were evaluated and graded before and after participation in the procedures and they had to identify anatomical structures participating in the surgery with the simulation of surgical procedure previously observed. In all experiments a significant improvement was observed in knowledge of anatomy, surgical, and all students (100%) ended classified in group A (above 75% accuracy) independent of the initial classification, which was mostly C (25-50 %) and D (below 25%). After finishing the experiments, the students answered a questionnaire of satisfaction with the features of the Theatre used. In these questionnaires, there were several positive reports classifying the Anatomical Theater as efficient model both technical and motivational. With the observed results, we recommend the Anatomical Theater as a model of effective non-formal education of Veterinary Anatomy and Surgery