Objective: The aims of this prospective clinical cohort study were to determine the prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria in dogs with cranial cruciate ligament disease and to determine which clinical parameters and clinicopathologic data are associated with asymptomatic bacteriuria. Another aim was to determine the incidence of surgical site infections in dogs with and without asymptomatic bacteriuria. Results: In 156 dogs with cruciate ligament disease, the prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria was 7.1%. Furthermore, the prevalence was 12.4% in female dogs and 0% in male dogs. The most common bacterial isolate was Escherichia coli. Patient sex, urine white blood cells/ high-powered field, and microscopic bacteriuria were significantly different between dogs with and without asymptomatic bacteriuria. Only 60% of dogs with microscopic bacteriuria had growth on urine aerobic culture. No significant difference was found in age, body weight, body condition score, duration of lameness, limb affected, or other urinalysis values between dogs with and without asymptomatic bacteriuria. Of the dogs that had 8-week repeat cultures, 2/3 dogs with asymptomatic bacteriuria had negative urine cultures and 3/43 without asymptomatic bacteriuria had positive urine cultures. Of 57 dogs that received surgery and had sufficient follow-up, 15 developed surgical site infection. All surgical site infections occurred in dogs without AB. The incidence of surgical site infection in this population was 26.3% (15/57). Conclusions: Prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria in dogs presenting with cranial cruciate ligament disease was similar to previously reported values in male and female dogs. This suggests that dogs with cranial cruciate ligament disease are not more prone to asymptomatic bacteriuria than dogs in previously studied populations. Preliminary data suggests that AB does not predispose dogs to SSI however further research and continued data collection is warranted. / Master of Science / Asymptomatic bacteriuria is defined as having bacteria in the urine without signs of lower urinary tract disease. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence asymptomatic bacteriuria in dogs with cranial cruciate ligament disease. Additionally, another aim was to determine the incidence of surgical site infections after cranial cruciate ligament surgery in dogs with and without asymptomatic bacteriuria. Prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria in dogs presenting with cranial cruciate ligament disease was found to be similar to previously reported values in male and female dogs. This suggests that dogs with cranial cruciate ligament disease are not more prone to asymptomatic bacteriuria than dogs in previously studied populations. Preliminary data suggests that dogs with bacteria in the urine does not predispose dogs to SSI however further research and continued data collection is warranted.

A Anatomia, independente da fase histórica, sempre foi o estandarte da cirurgia. De certa forma isso foi negligenciado pelos tecnólogos da educação que não souberam adaptar as novas tendências ao ensino da prática Médica, diminuindo a vivência cirúrgica e o uso da dissecção. Paralelamente houve uma desvinculação de disciplinas básicas e aplicadas dificultando a evolução do aprendizado anatomo-cirúrgico. Diante de tais fatos, esse trabalho preocupou-se em trazer uma opção de ensino integrado de Anatomia e Cirurgia utilizando-se de um espaço não-formal sob a forma de Teatros Anatômicos. Após construção e adaptação do Teatro Coliseu, seguindo os moldes dos Teatros Anatômicos da antiguidade, foram realizadas 6 cirurgias divididas em 6 experimentos com a participação de 15 alunos no total, os quais formaram a platéia do Teatro. Esses alunos foram avaliados e classificados antes e depois das participações nos procedimentos onde tiveram que identificar estruturas anatômicas participantes do contexto cirúrgico juntamente com a simulação do procedimento anteriormente observado. Em todos os experimentos houve melhora significativa do conhecimento anatomo-cirúrgico, sendo que todos os alunos (100%) terminaram classificados no grupo A (acima de 75% de acertos) independente da classificação inicial, que foi na sua maioria C (25 a 50%) e D (abaixo de 25%). Terminados os experimentos, os alunos participantes responderam a um questionário de satisfação com relação às funcionalidades do Teatro utilizado. Nesses questionários, houveram diversas manifestações positivas tornando o Teatro Anatômico um modelo eficiente tanto no quesito técnico quanto motivacional. Observado os resultados, indicamos o Teatro Anatômico como modelo eficaz de ensino não-formal de Anatomia e Cirurgia Veterinária / The Anatomy, regardless of historical period, has always been the inspiration of surgery. Somehow this was overlooked by educational technologists who were unable to adapt to new trends in the teaching of medical practice, diminishing the surgery visualization and the use of surgical dissection. In parallel there was a discrepancy between basic and applied disciplines hindering the progress of learning. Given these facts, this work was concerned to bring an option for integrated teaching of anatomy and surgery using a non-formal space in the form of Anatomical Theatres. After construction and adaptation of the Coliseum Theatre, along the lines of the classic Anatomical Theatres , were performed six surgeries with experiments involving 15 students in total, which formed the audience of the Theatre. These students were evaluated and graded before and after participation in the procedures and they had to identify anatomical structures participating in the surgery with the simulation of surgical procedure previously observed. In all experiments a significant improvement was observed in knowledge of anatomy, surgical, and all students (100%) ended classified in group A (above 75% accuracy) independent of the initial classification, which was mostly C (25-50 %) and D (below 25%). After finishing the experiments, the students answered a questionnaire of satisfaction with the features of the Theatre used. In these questionnaires, there were several positive reports classifying the Anatomical Theater as efficient model both technical and motivational. With the observed results, we recommend the Anatomical Theater as a model of effective non-formal education of Veterinary Anatomy and Surgery

A Anatomia, independente da fase histórica, sempre foi o estandarte da cirurgia. De certa forma isso foi negligenciado pelos tecnólogos da educação que não souberam adaptar as novas tendências ao ensino da prática Médica, diminuindo a vivência cirúrgica e o uso da dissecção. Paralelamente houve uma desvinculação de disciplinas básicas e aplicadas dificultando a evolução do aprendizado anatomo-cirúrgico. Diante de tais fatos, esse trabalho preocupou-se em trazer uma opção de ensino integrado de Anatomia e Cirurgia utilizando-se de um espaço não-formal sob a forma de Teatros Anatômicos. Após construção e adaptação do Teatro Coliseu, seguindo os moldes dos Teatros Anatômicos da antiguidade, foram realizadas 6 cirurgias divididas em 6 experimentos com a participação de 15 alunos no total, os quais formaram a platéia do Teatro. Esses alunos foram avaliados e classificados antes e depois das participações nos procedimentos onde tiveram que identificar estruturas anatômicas participantes do contexto cirúrgico juntamente com a simulação do procedimento anteriormente observado. Em todos os experimentos houve melhora significativa do conhecimento anatomo-cirúrgico, sendo que todos os alunos (100%) terminaram classificados no grupo A (acima de 75% de acertos) independente da classificação inicial, que foi na sua maioria C (25 a 50%) e D (abaixo de 25%). Terminados os experimentos, os alunos participantes responderam a um questionário de satisfação com relação às funcionalidades do Teatro utilizado. Nesses questionários, houveram diversas manifestações positivas tornando o Teatro Anatômico um modelo eficiente tanto no quesito técnico quanto motivacional. Observado os resultados, indicamos o Teatro Anatômico como modelo eficaz de ensino não-formal de Anatomia e Cirurgia Veterinária / The Anatomy, regardless of historical period, has always been the inspiration of surgery. Somehow this was overlooked by educational technologists who were unable to adapt to new trends in the teaching of medical practice, diminishing the surgery visualization and the use of surgical dissection. In parallel there was a discrepancy between basic and applied disciplines hindering the progress of learning. Given these facts, this work was concerned to bring an option for integrated teaching of anatomy and surgery using a non-formal space in the form of Anatomical Theatres. After construction and adaptation of the Coliseum Theatre, along the lines of the classic Anatomical Theatres , were performed six surgeries with experiments involving 15 students in total, which formed the audience of the Theatre. These students were evaluated and graded before and after participation in the procedures and they had to identify anatomical structures participating in the surgery with the simulation of surgical procedure previously observed. In all experiments a significant improvement was observed in knowledge of anatomy, surgical, and all students (100%) ended classified in group A (above 75% accuracy) independent of the initial classification, which was mostly C (25-50 %) and D (below 25%). After finishing the experiments, the students answered a questionnaire of satisfaction with the features of the Theatre used. In these questionnaires, there were several positive reports classifying the Anatomical Theater as efficient model both technical and motivational. With the observed results, we recommend the Anatomical Theater as a model of effective non-formal education of Veterinary Anatomy and Surgery

Bone healing involves a variety of different cell types and biological processes. Although certain key molecules have been identified, the molecular interactions of the healing progress are not completely understood. Moreover, a clinical routine for predicting the quality of bone healing after a fracture in an early phase is missing. This is mainly due to a lack of techniques to comprehensively screen for cytokines, growth factors and metabolites at their local site of action. Since all soluble molecules of interest are present in the fracture hematoma, its in-depth assessment could reveal potential markers for the monitoring of bone healing. Here, we describe an approach for sampling and quantification of cytokines and metabolites by using microdialysis, combined with solid phase extractions of proteins from wound fluids. By using a control group with an isolated soft tissue wound, we could reveal several bone defect-specific molecular features. In bone defect dialysates the neutrophil chemoattractants CXCL1, CXCL2 and CXCL3 were quantified with either a higher or earlier response compared to dialysate from soft tissue wound. Moreover, by analyzing downstream adaptions of the cells on protein level and focusing on early immune response, several proteins involved in the immune cell migration and activity could be identified to be specific for the bone defect group, e.g. immune modulators, proteases and their corresponding inhibitors. Additionally, the metabolite screening revealed different profiles between the bone defect group and the control group. In summary, we identified potential biomarkers to indicate imbalanced healing progress on all levels of analysis.

Bone healing involves a variety of different cell types and biological processes. Although certain key molecules have been identified, the molecular interactions of the healing progress are not completely understood. Moreover, a clinical routine for predicting the quality of bone healing after a fracture in an early phase is missing. This is mainly due to a lack of techniques to comprehensively screen for cytokines, growth factors and metabolites at their local site of action. Since all soluble molecules of interest are present in the fracture hematoma, its in-depth assessment could reveal potential markers for the monitoring of bone healing. Here, we describe an approach for sampling and quantification of cytokines and metabolites by using microdialysis, combined with solid phase extractions of proteins from wound fluids. By using a control group with an isolated soft tissue wound, we could reveal several bone defect-specific molecular features. In bone defect dialysates the neutrophil chemoattractants CXCL1, CXCL2 and CXCL3 were quantified with either a higher or earlier response compared to dialysate from soft tissue wound. Moreover, by analyzing downstream adaptions of the cells on protein level and focusing on early immune response, several proteins involved in the immune cell migration and activity could be identified to be specific for the bone defect group, e.g. immune modulators, proteases and their corresponding inhibitors. Additionally, the metabolite screening revealed different profiles between the bone defect group and the control group. In summary, we identified potential biomarkers to indicate imbalanced healing progress on all levels of analysis.