The applied anatomy of the cervical fascia and the traps or spaces therein have been revised and reviewed from the early part of the Nineties up to the present date. A great many investigations of both in anatomical and clinical nature have contributed to our present day knowledge of the subject. But considerable diversity both of opinion and description is revealed in these contributions. Actually, only a few investigators have taken the subject really to task; partially, this may be due to the difficulty of dissection in the region, and clinically because suppuration in this region is often diffuse and obscures the boundaries of the fascial spaces.

The processes which result in the growth and differentiation of animal organisms are regulated by factors of a widely varied nature. Among these, the hormones are of prime importance. These regulators do not act independently, but in harmony. The growth hormone of the anterior pituitary, and the thyroid hormone, chiefly thyroxine have been shown to be greatly concerned with growth. It has become evident that the release of growth hormone from the pituitary is dependent upon stimulation by the thyroid.

The title of this thesis is a broad one and purposely so, for the problem was first conceived in such general terms. But it soon became obvious, that the role of many electrolytes in many different types of heart disease could not possibly be investigated by one person in a short time. Therefore, in approaching such a study, the problem had immediately to be limited. Because potassium is such an important electrolyte in cellular metabolism and because variations in potassium concentrations have such a marked effect upon the functions of the heart, it was decided that this ion should be the principal electrolyte involved in the investigation. Because changes in the potassium concentration frequently involve reciprocal changes in sodium concentration, sodium, to an extent, also enters this study. The term heart disease also needed closer definition. It was planned to include two general types of heart disease in the investigation, acute and chronic heart disease. This acute and chronic myocardial damage would also have to be of a type easily induced by experimental procedures. Such a problem as the roles of these electrolytes in experimentally induced acute and chronic heart disease could be approached in different ways. For instance, the heart disease could be induced and then the level of serum and tissue electrolyte concentrations determined. On the other hand, the effect of variations of serum sodium and potassium concentration[...]

In the past, when the concept of number was applied to problems in biology, it was too often necessary to admit that this is, in actuality, the application of an almost alien science, and then to excuse it by providing reasons why such an application is permissible and why it is good: It would represent a major advance in biology by supplying a more accurate description of natural phenomena, and, thereby, ultimately provide a better understanding of certain biological mechanisms; in so doing, it would follow historical continuity in science to proceed from the qualitative to the quantitative point of view. [...]

The material submitted in this manuscript, is the result of an investigation of the gross and minute anatomy of the cranial dura and related structures in the region of the hypophyseal fossa in the cow. The minute anatomy is introduced for the express purpose of aiding one in the interpretation of the gross findings.

Note: Missing pages 62, 63, 192, 207 and 249. / The trend in early endocrinology was to study each gland as a separate entity and to define its function as being to prevent the symptoms elicited by its removal. The first organs so studied were the testes, primarily because of their accessibility and because the effects of castration had been known for a very long time.

Endemic goiter is such a conspicuous disease, so definitely limited to certain geographic areas, and human beings are so much more comfortable when they have an "explanation" for a phenomenon (even a wrong one) than when they have none that it is not surprising that there have been so many hypotheses to account for this condition. St. Lager in 1867 (R-7) collected 40 causes of goiter, of which 4 had to do with the diet. Coindet, the man who first showed that iodine could cure goiter, himself believed that one of the reasons for the high incidence of this disease in women was the fact that they carried heavy loads upon their heads.

DISSERTATION (PH.D.)--THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN

DISSERTATION (PH.D.)--THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN

Thesis (doctoral)--Universitate Friderica Guilelma Berolinensi, 1905. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references.