No description available.

Thesis (M. P. H.)--University of Hong Kong, 2005. / Also available in print.

Thesis (M.P.H.)--University of Hong Kong, 2005.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Florida, 1984. / Description based on print version record. Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 134-151).

published_or_final_version / Community Medicine / Master / Master of Public Health

Epidural analgesia has increased in usage dramatically in the United States as a means of comfort for labor pain. Prior studies have connected epidural analgesia to an increase in cesarean birth rate, an increase in use of instrumentation, an increase in length of labor, episiotomy rate, and maternal fever. Epidural analgesia has produced additional costs to the patient and society. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between epidural analgesia during childbirth and childbirth outcomes. The data for this study were obtained from a retrospective patient record review of 200 systematically selected labor patients who delivered in 2002 at a midwestern hospital. The epidural analgesia rate was 72% at this facility in 2002, a significant increase from the previous 5 years. Using the Chi-square test of independence, 3 relationship was established between epidural analgesia and four of the variables examined. A statistically significant relationship was found to exist between epidural analgesia and cesarean birth rate, pitocin augmentation, and the first and second stages of labor with the total sample. The results of the study are important for healthcare providers who are relaying influential wellness information to childbearing women and their partners. The results indicate a need for further education for healthcare providers on alternative methods of pain relief for their patients during childbirth.

Orientador: Yara Marcondes Machado Castiglia / Banca: Norma Sueli Pinheiro Módolo / Banca: Rosa Beatriz Amorim / Banca: Artur Udeslmann / Banca: Sanderland José Tavares Gurgel / Resumo: A pré-eclâmpsia é uma doença multissistêmica que afeta, entre outros órgãos, placenta e rim. Objetivo: Utilizando vários biomarcadores, avaliar a função renal e a integridade tubular após cesariana em gestantes pré-eclâmpticas leves submetidas à anestesia subaracnoidea. Métodos: Este estudo coorte prospectivo analisou a função renal e a integridade tubular de 72 gestantes com hipertensão gestacional ou crônica, com e sem pré-eclâmpsia leve, após cesariana sob anestesia subaracnoidea, tendo como marcadores do ritmo de filtração glomerular (RFG) a cistatina C e a creatinina plasmáticas, e da integridade tubular a fosfatase alcalina (FA), γ-glutamiltransferase (γ-GT) e lipocalina associada à gelatinase neutrofílica (NGAL) urinárias, antes da cesariana (T1) e 48h após (T2), distribuídas nos grupos: pré-eclâmpsia leve (P), n= 27; hipertensão arterial crônica e pré-eclâmpsia leve sobreposta (PH), n=16; hipertensão arterial (H, grupo controle), n=29. Resultados: O RFG pela cistatina C aumentou entre T1 e T2 de todos os grupos. O RFG pela creatinina diminuíu significativamente em todos os grupos. Os valores de NGAL aumentaram de T1 para T2 em todos os grupos, e os das enzimas FA e γ-GT diminuíram significativamente em T2 dos grupos P e H. Conclusões: Para o período pós-operatório de cesariana de gestante com pré-eclâmpsia leve, a cistatina C e o NGAL não se mostraram biomarcadores livres de viés para o estudo da função renal. O RFG medido pela creatinina mostrou leve diminuição, compatível com o estresse do período perioperatório. Houve diminuição das enzimas da borda em escova nas gestantes hipertensas e naquelas com pré-eclâmpsia / Abstract: Preeclampsia is a multisystemic disease that affects, among other organs, placenta and kidney. Objective: Using multiple biomarkers, assess renal function and tubular integrity after cesarean section in mild preeclamptic patients undergoing subarachnoid anesthesia. Methods: This prospective cohort study examined renal function and tubular integrity of 72 pregnant patients with gestational or chronic hypertension, with and without mild preeclampsia, after cesarean section under subarachnoid anesthesia, having as markers of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) cystatin C and creatinine plasmatic, and of tubular integrity, alkaline phosphatase (AP), γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (γ-GT) and neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin (NGAL) urinary, before cesarean section (T1) and 48 h after (T2), distributed among groups: mild preeclampsia (P, case group), n = 27; chronic hypertension and mild preeclampsia superimposed (PH, case group), n = 16; hypertension (H, control group), n = 29. Results: The GFR by cystatin C increased between T1 and T2 for all groups while the GFR by creatinine was significantly decreased in all groups. The values of NGAL increased from T1 to T2 in all groups, and the FA and γ-GT enzymes decreased significantly in T2 of the groups P and H. Conclusions: For the postoperative period of cesarean section of pregnant patients with mild preeclampsia, cystatin C and NGAL were biomarkers not free of bias for the study of renal function. The GFR measured by creatinine showed a slight decrease, consistent with the stress of the perioperative period. There was a reduction of brush border enzymes in hypertensive pregnant patients and in those with pre-eclampsia / Doutor

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1994. / Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1994. / Includes bibliographical references.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T16:53:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2014-08-27Bitstream added on 2015-05-14T16:59:10Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000816133.pdf: 639753 bytes, checksum: d8c1d812dbc3a0ed6e73722b74872223 (MD5) / Introdução: A anestesia subaracnoidea é técnica de escolha para realização de cesarianas. A cefaleia pós-punção dural é complicação da técnica e ocorre principalmente em mulheres com menos de 40 anos de idade. Os possíveis mecanismos envolvidos na gênese da cefaleia são a hipotensão liquórica, secundária a perda de líquor pelo orifício da punção da dura-máter e aracnóide levando à tração das estruturas intracranianas e a venodilatação compensatória. A cefaleia pós-punção dural pode ter evolução autolimitada ou resultar em complicações como hematoma subdural, trombose venosa cerebral e óbito. Objetivo: Avaliar a pressão liquórica de gestantes submetidas a cesarianas no momento da anestesia e na vigência da cefaleia. Correlacionar a cefaleia com as características das pacientes e da técnica anestésica. Metodologia: Após aprovação do Comitê de Ética e assinatura do consentimento livre e esclarecido, participaram deste estudo prospectivo 721 gestantes submetidas a cesarianas sob anestesia subaracnoidea com técnica padronizada entre janeiro de 2012 e maio de 2013. A punção liquórica foi avaliada no momento da anestesia em todas as pacientes e, no momento do diagnóstico, naquelas que apresentaram cefaleia. Para tanto, foi utilizado manômetro de pressão do tipo aneroide. As gestantes foram avaliadas quanto ao índice de massa corpórea (IMC), ao estado físico (ASA), ao diagnóstico pré-operatório e às doenças intercorrentes durante a gestação, à via de abordagem do espaço subaracnoideo, ao espaço intervertebral e ao número de espaços puncionados, ao número de tentativas de punção, à presença do adjuvante e qual o tipo utilizado. As pacientes foram avaliadas, quanto à presença de cefaleia pós-punção dural, 12h, 24h, 48h e 72h após a realização da punção subaracnoidea. Para análise estatística foram realizados o teste Qui-Quadrado, de Pearson e teste t-Student e a ... / Introduction: Subarachnoid anesthesia is the choice technique for c-section surgery. Postdural puncture headache is a complication of the technique and occurs especially in women less than 40 years of age. Possible mechanisms involved in the origin of the headache are líquoric hypothension due to loss of cerebrospinal fluid through the puncture hole of the dura mater and arachnoid leading to the stretch of the intracranial structures and compensatory dilation of the veins. Postdural puncture headache may have self-limited evolution or results in complications like subdural hematoma, cerebral venous thrombosis and death. Objective: Evaluate liquoric pressure of pregnant women submitted to c-section surgery at the time of anesthesia e during the headache. Correlate the headache with the characteristics of the patients and the anesthetic technique. Methods: After approval of the ethic committee and signature of the informed consent, 721 pregnant women submitted to c-section surgery who were also submitted to subarachnoid anesthesia were enrolled in this prospective study, with standardized technique, between January 2012 and May 2013. Liquoric pressure was evaluated in the moment of anesthesia in all the patients and, in the moment of diagnosis, in the patients who presented headache. For this, was used a pressure manometer of aneroid type. The pregnant women were evaluated for body mass index (BMI), physical state (ASA), pre-operatory diagnosis and diseases that occurred during the pregnancy, subarachnoid space approach, inter-vertebral space and number of spaces that were punctured, number of puncture tries, presence of adjuvant drugs and their type. The patients were evaluated in terms of presence of postdural puncture headache, 12 hours, 24 hours, 48 hours and 72 hours after the realization of subarachnoid puncture. For statistical analysis, were realized the chi-square test, Pearson test, t-Studen test and variance ...