Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-27T18:26:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2014-10-22. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2018-07-27T18:30:44Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000877132.pdf: 338509 bytes, checksum: 70985e98e4ff1c130a8628a0750eb782 (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / A pré-eclâmpsia é uma doença multissistêmica que afeta, entre outros órgãos, placenta e rim. Objetivo: Utilizando vários biomarcadores, avaliar a função renal e a integridade tubular após cesariana em gestantes pré-eclâmpticas leves submetidas à anestesia subaracnoidea. Métodos: Este estudo coorte prospectivo analisou a função renal e a integridade tubular de 72 gestantes com hipertensão gestacional ou crônica, com e sem pré-eclâmpsia leve, após cesariana sob anestesia subaracnoidea, tendo como marcadores do ritmo de filtração glomerular (RFG) a cistatina C e a creatinina plasmáticas, e da integridade tubular a fosfatase alcalina (FA), γ-glutamiltransferase (γ-GT) e lipocalina associada à gelatinase neutrofílica (NGAL) urinárias, antes da cesariana (T1) e 48h após (T2), distribuídas nos grupos: pré-eclâmpsia leve (P), n= 27; hipertensão arterial crônica e pré-eclâmpsia leve sobreposta (PH), n=16; hipertensão arterial (H, grupo controle), n=29. Resultados: O RFG pela cistatina C aumentou entre T1 e T2 de todos os grupos. O RFG pela creatinina diminuíu significativamente em todos os grupos. Os valores de NGAL aumentaram de T1 para T2 em todos os grupos, e os das enzimas FA e γ-GT diminuíram significativamente em T2 dos grupos P e H. Conclusões: Para o período pós-operatório de cesariana de gestante com pré-eclâmpsia leve, a cistatina C e o NGAL não se mostraram biomarcadores livres de viés para o estudo da função renal. O RFG medido pela creatinina mostrou leve diminuição, compatível com o estresse do período perioperatório. Houve diminuição das enzimas da borda em escova nas gestantes hipertensas e naquelas com pré-eclâmpsia / Preeclampsia is a multisystemic disease that affects, among other organs, placenta and kidney. Objective: Using multiple biomarkers, assess renal function and tubular integrity after cesarean section in mild preeclamptic patients undergoing subarachnoid anesthesia. Methods: This prospective cohort study examined renal function and tubular integrity of 72 pregnant patients with gestational or chronic hypertension, with and without mild preeclampsia, after cesarean section under subarachnoid anesthesia, having as markers of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) cystatin C and creatinine plasmatic, and of tubular integrity, alkaline phosphatase (AP), γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (γ-GT) and neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin (NGAL) urinary, before cesarean section (T1) and 48 h after (T2), distributed among groups: mild preeclampsia (P, case group), n = 27; chronic hypertension and mild preeclampsia superimposed (PH, case group), n = 16; hypertension (H, control group), n = 29. Results: The GFR by cystatin C increased between T1 and T2 for all groups while the GFR by creatinine was significantly decreased in all groups. The values of NGAL increased from T1 to T2 in all groups, and the FA and γ-GT enzymes decreased significantly in T2 of the groups P and H. Conclusions: For the postoperative period of cesarean section of pregnant patients with mild preeclampsia, cystatin C and NGAL were biomarkers not free of bias for the study of renal function. The GFR measured by creatinine showed a slight decrease, consistent with the stress of the perioperative period. There was a reduction of brush border enzymes in hypertensive pregnant patients and in those with pre-eclampsia / FAPESP: 2010/06986-7

Orientador: Eliana Marisa Ganem / Banca: Norma Sueli Pinheiro Módolo / Banca: Lais Helena Navarro e Lima / Banca: Angelica de Fátima de Assunção Braga / Banca: Giane Nakamura / Resumo: Introdução: A anestesia subaracnoidea é técnica de escolha para realização de cesarianas. A cefaleia pós-punção dural é complicação da técnica e ocorre principalmente em mulheres com menos de 40 anos de idade. Os possíveis mecanismos envolvidos na gênese da cefaleia são a hipotensão liquórica, secundária a perda de líquor pelo orifício da punção da dura-máter e aracnóide levando à tração das estruturas intracranianas e a venodilatação compensatória. A cefaleia pós-punção dural pode ter evolução autolimitada ou resultar em complicações como hematoma subdural, trombose venosa cerebral e óbito. Objetivo: Avaliar a pressão liquórica de gestantes submetidas a cesarianas no momento da anestesia e na vigência da cefaleia. Correlacionar a cefaleia com as características das pacientes e da técnica anestésica. Metodologia: Após aprovação do Comitê de Ética e assinatura do consentimento livre e esclarecido, participaram deste estudo prospectivo 721 gestantes submetidas a cesarianas sob anestesia subaracnoidea com técnica padronizada entre janeiro de 2012 e maio de 2013. A punção liquórica foi avaliada no momento da anestesia em todas as pacientes e, no momento do diagnóstico, naquelas que apresentaram cefaleia. Para tanto, foi utilizado manômetro de pressão do tipo aneroide. As gestantes foram avaliadas quanto ao índice de massa corpórea (IMC), ao estado físico (ASA), ao diagnóstico pré-operatório e às doenças intercorrentes durante a gestação, à via de abordagem do espaço subaracnoideo, ao espaço intervertebral e ao número de espaços puncionados, ao número de tentativas de punção, à presença do adjuvante e qual o tipo utilizado. As pacientes foram avaliadas, quanto à presença de cefaleia pós-punção dural, 12h, 24h, 48h e 72h após a realização da punção subaracnoidea. Para análise estatística foram realizados o teste Qui-Quadrado, de Pearson e teste t-Student e a ... / Abstract: Introduction: Subarachnoid anesthesia is the choice technique for c-section surgery. Postdural puncture headache is a complication of the technique and occurs especially in women less than 40 years of age. Possible mechanisms involved in the origin of the headache are líquoric hypothension due to loss of cerebrospinal fluid through the puncture hole of the dura mater and arachnoid leading to the stretch of the intracranial structures and compensatory dilation of the veins. Postdural puncture headache may have self-limited evolution or results in complications like subdural hematoma, cerebral venous thrombosis and death. Objective: Evaluate liquoric pressure of pregnant women submitted to c-section surgery at the time of anesthesia e during the headache. Correlate the headache with the characteristics of the patients and the anesthetic technique. Methods: After approval of the ethic committee and signature of the informed consent, 721 pregnant women submitted to c-section surgery who were also submitted to subarachnoid anesthesia were enrolled in this prospective study, with standardized technique, between January 2012 and May 2013. Liquoric pressure was evaluated in the moment of anesthesia in all the patients and, in the moment of diagnosis, in the patients who presented headache. For this, was used a pressure manometer of aneroid type. The pregnant women were evaluated for body mass index (BMI), physical state (ASA), pre-operatory diagnosis and diseases that occurred during the pregnancy, subarachnoid space approach, inter-vertebral space and number of spaces that were punctured, number of puncture tries, presence of adjuvant drugs and their type. The patients were evaluated in terms of presence of postdural puncture headache, 12 hours, 24 hours, 48 hours and 72 hours after the realization of subarachnoid puncture. For statistical analysis, were realized the chi-square test, Pearson test, t-Studen test and variance ... / Doutor

Although ACC exerted a strong effect on the haemodynamic changes after SA, SA per se did not have much influence on ACC. The incidence and severity of ACC remained unchanged compared with the pre-spinal state. As long as maternal blood pressure were well controlled, the uterine blood flow indices were not affected by ACC. / Although there are many publications on ACC, most publications have considered ACC as a single entity, or reported its effects in terms of just a few end-point measures. The information published so far on ACC remains fragmented. This will be readdressed by taking a multidisciplinary approach with input from the fields of anaesthesia, obstetrics and radiology to non-invasively assess the haemodynamic changes associated with ACC. / Aortocaval compression occurs when parturients lie in the supine position with the gravid uterus compressing the aorta and the inferior vena cava. This interferes with venous return to the heart to reduce cardiac output, resulting in hypotension, uterine hypo-perfusion and fetal acidosis. Under neuraxial anaesthesia when the compensatory mechanisms via the sympathetic nervous outflow are blocked, the effects from ACC are exaggerated and results in maternal and fetal morbidity. / Intermittent IVC compression was responsible for most of the haemodynamic effects, presenting mainly as a reduction in cardiac output. Blood pressure or heart rate changes are poor indicators for IVC compression, and most patients were asymptomatic. Patients who have moderate to severe ACC have a higher incidence of hypotension after SA and consume a higher amount of phenylephrine for maintaining BP. / The research was conducted on non-labouring term parturients presenting for elective Caesarean section under spinal anaesthesia. Measurements were performed to assess the patency of blood vessels and haemodynamic responses to lateral tilts, using ultrasound and non-invasive haemodynamic monitors. / This research has achieved the following: (1) Qualitative measurements of compression of the aorta and IVC with US imaging and Doppler US; (2) Development of a new simple bedside method for detecting ACC using US; (3) Quantitative measurements of physiological responses in the maternal and fetal circulation associated with ACC; (4) Investigation of the effects of spinal anaesthesia per se on ACC. / Lee, Wee Yee Shara. / Adviser: Khaw Kim Sun. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 70-06, Section: B, page: 3446. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2008. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 234-254). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. [Ann Arbor, MI] : ProQuest Information and Learning, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / School code: 1307.

Survey on maternal satisfaction in receiving spinal anesthesia for Cesarean section / A quantitative descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the maternal satisfaction after the experience of spinal anaesthesia for Caesarean section in one public hospital of Gauteng Province in South Africa. Data were collected by administering a questionnaire which included the demographic profile and satisfaction score in terms of perioperative elements to 82 women in their postoperative period. Analysis of data was performed by The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 13 and Excel 2010 was used for tabular and graphical illustrations. The findings revealed that the majority of women studied were black (95,1%), not married (73,2%) and unemployed (64,6%). The levels of maternal satisfaction in terms of intraoperative, postoperative and other perioperative elements were high, at 94,4%, 90,3% and 85,4% respectively. The lowest percentage (76,8%) was found for the maternal satisfaction about the preoperative explanation. The overall level of maternal satisfaction in this study was 86,7%. The majority of women (82,9%) would opt for spinal anaesthesia in future, while 6,1% would not accept it and 11,0% were not sure if they would opt for it or not. / Health Studies / M.A. (Public Health)

Three clinical investigations together with a combined editorial and review of the cardiovascular physiology of spinal anaesthesia in normal and preeclamptic pregnancy form the basis of a thesis to be submitted for the degree of Doctor of Medicine at the University of St Andrews. First, the longstanding consensus that spinal anaesthesia could cause severe hypotension in severe preeclampsia was examined using three approaches. The doses of ephedrine required to maintain systolic blood pressure above predetermined limits were first compared in spinal versus epidural anaesthesia. The doses of ephedrine required were then similarly studied during spinal anaesthesia in preeclamptic versus normal control subjects. The principal outcome of these studies, that preeclamptic patients were resistant to hypotension after a spinal anaesthetic, was then further investigated by studying pulse transit time (PTT) changes in normal versus preeclamptic pregnancy. PTT was explored both as beat-to-beat monitor of cardiovascular function and also as an indicator of changes in arterial stiffness. The cardiovascular physiology of obstetric spinal anaesthesia was then reviewed in the light of the three clinical investigations, developments in reproductive vascular biology and the regulation of venous capacitance. It is argued that the theory of a role for vena caval compression as the single cause of spinal anaesthetic induced hypotension in obstetrics should be revised.

Survey on maternal satisfaction in receiving spinal anesthesia for Cesarean section / A quantitative descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the maternal satisfaction after the experience of spinal anaesthesia for Caesarean section in one public hospital of Gauteng Province in South Africa. Data were collected by administering a questionnaire which included the demographic profile and satisfaction score in terms of perioperative elements to 82 women in their postoperative period. Analysis of data was performed by The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 13 and Excel 2010 was used for tabular and graphical illustrations. The findings revealed that the majority of women studied were black (95,1%), not married (73,2%) and unemployed (64,6%). The levels of maternal satisfaction in terms of intraoperative, postoperative and other perioperative elements were high, at 94,4%, 90,3% and 85,4% respectively. The lowest percentage (76,8%) was found for the maternal satisfaction about the preoperative explanation. The overall level of maternal satisfaction in this study was 86,7%. The majority of women (82,9%) would opt for spinal anaesthesia in future, while 6,1% would not accept it and 11,0% were not sure if they would opt for it or not. / Health Studies / M. A. (Public Health)