Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of California, Berkeley, 1962. / "UC-34 Physics" -t.p. "TID-4500 (17th Ed.)" -t.p. Errata sheet at end. Includes bibliographical references (p. 241-246).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1968. / Typescript. Vita. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

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The forbidden line (6sp³P₀ - 6s²¹S₀ ) λ2656Å is forbidden for all multipole transitions if the nucleus of Hg isotope has no magnetic moment. For Hg¹⁹⁹ the selection rule is broken by the interaction of the nuclear magnetic dipole moment with the atomic electrons. In this thesis the Zeeman effect of the line is discussed in detail. In particular, the intensity of the Zeeman components is calculated as a function of the external magnetic field. It turns out that even for an external magnetic field sufficient to produce the Back-Goudsmit effect (30,000 gauss) the intensity of Zeeman components changes by less than one percent. Also the effect of the interaction of the nuclear magnetic moment and atomic electrons on the intensity of forbidden lines (6 ¹S₀ - 6³P₁) λ4618Å and (6 ¹S₀ - 6³P₂) λ5313Å of Pb²⁰⁹ is calculated (in absence of external magnetic field). The effect is very small. / Science, Faculty of / Physics and Astronomy, Department of / Graduate

Orbital angular momentum (OAM) is a property of light that is widely used for applications in bioimaging, optical communication and optical manipulation, but is mainly limited to the infrared and visible spectra. Developing a table-top source of Extreme Ultraviolet (XUV) light containing an arbitrary amount of OAM is yet to be achieved. We accomplish this by exploiting high-harmonic generation (HHG), a process whereby an infrared pump beam produces high order harmonics. We experimentally demonstrate the conservation of OAM in HHG by measuring harmonics of order n containing n times the OAM of the pump (n = 11, 13, 15 in our experiment). These results agree with our theoretical model. We also show theoretically how to manipulate the HHG process to impart an arbitrary amount of OAM to the di fferent harmonics. We hence show the way to a table-top and flexible source of XUV light containing orbital angular momentum.

The plan of this paper is to present some observations and then in subsequent chapters to examine the two basic cosmological ideas in the light of these observations. The first of the observations involves an estimate of the angular momentum in a given volume of space and the ratio of this momentum to the mass or number of nucleons in the given volume. We therefore wish to obtain a rough estimate of the angular momentum in that part of the universe which man may call his immediate surroundings, i.e., the solar system and galaxy.

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Beams of light can carry spin and orbital angular momentum. Spin angular momentum describes how the direction of the electric field rotates about the propagation axis, while orbital angular momentum describes the rotation of the field amplitude pattern. These concepts are well understood for monochromatic beams, but previous theoretical studies have constructed polychromatic superpositions where the connection between angular momentum and rotation of the electric field becomes much less clear. These states are superpositions of two states of light carrying opposite signs of angular momentum and slightly detuned frequencies. They rotate at the typically small detuning frequency and thus we call them slowly rotating modes of light. Strangely, some of these modes appear to rotate in the direction opposing the sign of their angular momentum, while others exhibit overall rotation with no angular momentum at all! These findings have been the subject of some controversy, and in 2012, Susanna Todaro (HMC ’12) and I began work on trying to shed light on this “angular momentum paradox." In this thesis, I extend previous work in theory, simulation, and experiment. Via theory and modeling in Mathematica, I present a possible intuitive explanation for the angular momentum paradox. I also present experimental realization of slowly rotating spin superpositions, and outline the steps necessary to generate slowly rotating orbital angular momentum superpositions.

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