Aniline Black, a polymer containing p-benzoquinodiimine groups, was synthesized chemically or electrochemically by the oxidation of aniline. The polymer salts showed the conductivity of 10⁻¹-10⁻³ ohm⁻¹cm⁻¹. Polymers containing anthroquinodiimine units were also prepared by polycondensations. The syntheses of model compounds containing p-benzoquinodiimine were attempted. Multiazobisphenol monomers were synthesized. 4,4'-(3,3'-Dimethyl-4,4'-biphenylenebisazo) bisphenol 7, 4,4'-[azobis(p-phenyleneazo)] bisphenol 8, and 4,4'-(2-methoxy-1,4-phenylenebisazo) bisphenol 10 displayed liquid crystal (l.c.) properties, while model derivatives of 7, 8, and 4,4'-(4,4'-stilbenebisazo) bisphenol 9 did likewise. Monomers and derivatives of 4-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)azo]-1-naphthol 5, and 4,4'- [oxybis(p-phenyleneazo)] bisphenol 6 showed no l.c. behavior. New thermotropic polyesters based on these multiazobisphenols were synthesized. Sebacates of 5, 6, 7, 8, and 10 showed l.c. behavior, while polymers based on isophthalic or 5-t-butylisophthalic acid did not do so. Polyformals were also synthesized from these momoners, only that of 4 showed weak l.c. behavior. The correlation between the structure of these polymers and their tractabilities, electrical properties, liquid crystal behaviors was studied. Polymers and copolymers containing p-azoarylene and p-azoxyarylene groups were synthesized by oxidative coupling of various aromatic diamines. Films were cast directly from the reaction mixtures or from the polymer solution. The films were n-doped by sodium naphthalide or p-doped by iodine. They showed electrical conductivities of 10⁻⁴ to 10⁻⁵ ohm⁻¹cm⁻¹. AB monomers containing dipolar p-phenyleneazo groups were synthesized: 4-(4-hydroxy-2-methoxyphenylazo) benzoic acid 21, 4-[4-(4-hydroxy-2-methoxyphenylazo)-2-methoxyphenylazo] benzoic acid 22, and 4-(4-hydroxy-2-methoxyphenylazo)-3-nitrobenzoic acid 23. The monomers were polymerized by direct polycondensations. The polyester synthesized from 21 formed a red, transparent film. A polymethacrylate containing dipolar p-phenyleneazo groups in the side chains was also prepared by the free radical polymerization of 1- [3-methoxy-4-(p-nitrophenylazo)-phenoxy] hexyl methacrylate 28.