The faunal remains from Lajia, a late Neolithic and early Bronze Age site in northwestern China reveal that sheep, a newly introduced domesticate during this time period, are the central source of meat for the site’s residents. This represents a shift from earlier modes of subsistence in the region, which were focused on pig husbandry. This project provides important information regarding food production and animal husbandry during a period in which larger centres of power were emerging and new domesticates were being exploited. Sheep were the most common domesticate in the Lajia assemblage, followed by pigs and cattle. This corresponds with a general pattern in northern China during this period, in which sheep are increasingly utilized. However, an examination of age profiles reveals that mature adult sheep were rare in the assemblage, which suggests that they were being exploited for meat. This is not consistent with evidence from other northern Chinese sites during this time period, where sheep are interpreted as being a source of secondary products such as milk and wool. In addition to this, an analysis of bone breakage aimed to determine whether remains were processed. These tests were inconclusive, revealing that the main source of fragmentation in the assemblage was related to butchery, but with no significant correlation between increased levels of fragmentation and high-utility skeletal elements. As well as providing a relevant case study for the development of animal use during the Early Bronze Age, the analysis of faunal remains at Lajia represents a building block for the continuing development of zooarchaeology in the Chinese context. / Graduate / 0324 / 0332 / dfargo@uvic.ca

The faunal remains from Lajia, a late Neolithic and early Bronze Age site in northwestern China reveal that sheep, a newly introduced domesticate during this time period, are the central source of meat for the site’s residents. This represents a shift from earlier modes of subsistence in the region, which were focused on pig husbandry. This project provides important information regarding food production and animal husbandry during a period in which larger centres of power were emerging and new domesticates were being exploited. Sheep were the most common domesticate in the Lajia assemblage, followed by pigs and cattle. This corresponds with a general pattern in northern China during this period, in which sheep are increasingly utilized. However, an examination of age profiles reveals that mature adult sheep were rare in the assemblage, which suggests that they were being exploited for meat. This is not consistent with evidence from other northern Chinese sites during this time period, where sheep are interpreted as being a source of secondary products such as milk and wool. In addition to this, an analysis of bone breakage aimed to determine whether remains were processed. These tests were inconclusive, revealing that the main source of fragmentation in the assemblage was related to butchery, but with no significant correlation between increased levels of fragmentation and high-utility skeletal elements. As well as providing a relevant case study for the development of animal use during the Early Bronze Age, the analysis of faunal remains at Lajia represents a building block for the continuing development of zooarchaeology in the Chinese context. / Graduate / 0324 / 0332 / dfargo@uvic.ca

Submitted by Jean Medeiros (jeanletras@uepb.edu.br) on 2016-08-19T12:58:37Z No. of bitstreams: 1 PDF - Maxciell Ricardo Azevedo da Silva.pdf: 1535424 bytes, checksum: 34d766a6a3a3b575aed9aae4d16d14b4 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-19T12:58:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PDF - Maxciell Ricardo Azevedo da Silva.pdf: 1535424 bytes, checksum: 34d766a6a3a3b575aed9aae4d16d14b4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-26 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / The Brazilian semiarid region has unique characteristics regarding the composition of its biodiversity, being a region of significant importance in several respects both biological and ecological and cultural. The creation and trade of wildlife has been identified as a threat to many species of animals. These practices are constant throughout the semi-arid, despite having legal measures prohibiting many of them. Throughout the world the use of animals for various purposes is quite common, these modes of use are almost always incorporated into the culture and community identity in question. This study, which ethnozoological approach has investigated the different use of wildlife modes in a rural community of a municipality in the Brazilian semiarid region. Our results showed that among the modes of animal use, said the creation of wild birds as pets (n = 16 species), as well as animals used for trade (n = 10 species) and as a nutritional source (n = 7 species). The creation and marketing of wild animals in the region is sometimes illegally and is part of everyday life for people of different socioeconomic levels, part of the cultural identity of communities in the region, even though there are legal measures prohibiting many of these practices . Given the importance of knowledge of the communities for the sustainable use of local fauna biodiversity, such studies can contribute significantly with regard to understanding as is the use of animals in this region of Brazil and its implications for the establishment of educational measures and conservation and wildlife management projects. / O semiárido brasileiro possui características singulares no tocante à composição da sua biodiversidade, sendo uma região de significativa importância em diversos aspectos tanto biológicos quanto ecológicos e culturais. A criação e o comércio da fauna silvestre tem sido apontados como uma ameaça para muitas espécies de animais. Estas práticas são constantes em todo o semiárido, mesmo possuindo medidas legais que proíbem muitas delas. Em todo o mundo o uso de animais para diversos fins é bastante comum, estes modos de uso estão, quase sempre, incorporados à cultura e identidade da comunidade em questão. O presente estudo, que possui enfoque etnozoológico, investigou os diferentes modos de uso da fauna em uma comunidade rural de um município do semiárido brasileiro. Nossos resultados mostraram que dentre os modos de uso dos animais, destacou-se a criação de aves silvestres como animais de estimação (n=16 espécies), bem como os animais utilizados para comércio (n= 10 espécies) e como fonte nutricional (n=7 espécies). A criação e a comercialização de animais silvestres na região ocorre, por vezes, de forma ilegal e faz parte do cotidiano de pessoas de diferentes níveis sócio econômicos, fazendo parte da identidade cultural das comunidades da região, mesmo existindo medidas legais que proíbem muitas dessas práticas. Dada a importância do conhecimento das comunidades para o uso sustentável da biodiversidade da fauna local, estudos desta natureza pode contribuir de forma significativa no tocante ao entendimento de como ocorre o uso dos animais nesta região do Brasil e suas implicações para o estabelecimento de medidas educativas e projetos de conservação e manejo da fauna.

Submitted by Alexandre Sousa (alexandre.sousa@incqs.fiocruz.br) on 2014-08-18T17:50:41Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Celia Virginia.pdf: 3990091 bytes, checksum: 5a2ed5b390413f56573cd6e58c049834 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-18T17:50:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Celia Virginia.pdf: 3990091 bytes, checksum: 5a2ed5b390413f56573cd6e58c049834 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Criação de Animais de Laboratório / O Sistema Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (SNVS), ao qual se vincula a Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (Anvisa) desempenha um papel essencial na saúde pública brasileira, em especial por intermédio dos Laboratórios Centrais de Saúde Pública (Lacens) que, em alguns casos, utilizam os animais de laboratório para a realização de testes de controle biológico de cosméticos, medicamentos, saneantes, alimentos, dentre outros produtos em saúde. Com o objetivo de avaliar o grau da qualidade dos referidos animais foi realizado um estudo nos biotérios de criação e experimentação dos Lacens de três estados brasileiros, por meio de visitação e de um levantamento detalhado das características estruturais e de bem-estar animal encontradas nos biotérios. A primeira abordagem trata das implicações éticas no uso dos animais e da terminologia empregada para identificação dos mesmos.Os resultados da pesquisa de campo são registrados e resumidos em quadros.Em seguida apresenta-se uma proposta de Boas Práticas de Biotério (BPB) com base em vasto levantamento bibliográfico e na experiência profissional adquirida pela autora.A discussão e a conclusão do estudo apontam para evidências críticas sob a institucionalização dos biotérios no SNVS, suas implicações do ponto de vista ético, legal, estrutural, de manejo e de bem-estar, que refletem diretamente na baixa qualidade dos animais. Como consequência desse cenário, aponta-se um viés de precariedade nas ações da vigilância sanitária no país. São considerados, entretanto, os avanços alcançados pela Ciência em Animais de Laboratório (CAL), nos últimos anos, e as perspectivas futuras de estabelecimento de uma Política Nacional de Biotérios que, somada a um crescimento ainda maior da CAL e à integração da normatização das BPB ao sistema da Anvisa, possam contribuir de forma significativa para a obtenção da qualidade desejada e necessária dos animais de laboratório utilizados, não somente no SNVS, como nasdemais instituições científicas do Brasil / The National Health Surveillance System (SNVS), which binds to the National Health Surveillance Agency (ANVISA) plays an essential role in the Brazilian public health, especially through the Central Public Health Laboratories (Lacens) that in some cases, using laboratory animals for conducting biological control testing cosmetics, medicines, sanitizing, food, among other health products. With the objective of evaluating the degree of quality of those animals, a study was conducted in laboratory animal care and research units of Lacens three Brazilian states, through visitation and a detailed survey of the structural and animal welfare characteristics found in these units. The first approach deals with the ethical implications of the use of animals and the terminology used for its identification. The field survey results are registered and summarized in tabular form.Then we will introduce a proposal of Good Practice of Laboratory Animal Unit (BPB) based on extensive literature review and professional experience gained by the author. The discussion and conclusion of the study point to critical evidence in the institutionalization of these units in SNVS, implications of the ethical point of view, cool, structural, management and welfare, which directly reflect the low quality ofthe animals. As a consequence of this scenery, points to a bias in the actions of the precarious health surveillance in the country. Are considered, however, the progress made by the Laboratory Animal Science (CAL), in recent years, and future prospects of establishing a National Policy for Laboratory Animal Units that, plus a further growth of CAL and the integration of standardization of BPB to ANVISA system, can contribute significantly to achieving the desired and required quality of laboratory animals used, not only in SNVS, as in other scientific institutions in Brazil.