This thesis studies the use of the Source Reconstruction Method (SRM) to characterize antennas. The SRM calculates equivalent sources/currents on an arbitrarily shaped reconstruction surface to represent the original antenna. This is done by enforcing that the original antenna and equivalent currents radiate the same field at user selected measurement locations. These equivalent currents spatially characterize the original antenna because they can be used in direct radiation problems to obtain field estimates anywhere outside the reconstruction surface, including the far-field. First a spherical SRM algorithm is implemented and the diagnostic capabilities of the SRM are also synthetically shown through an example with an array of elementary dipoles. It is then shown that the SRM compares well to pre-existing commercial antenna software over different frequencies and can also be used successfully with a partial dataset. It is demonstrated that the equivalent currents can also provide meaningful information with experimental data. Next the hierarchical matrix framework is studied in conjunction with the SRM to decrease the algorithm's memory requirement and increase the speed of execution. It is shown that it is beneficial to use the hierarchical matrix framework with the SRM when using Love's condition or with measured data on a surface very close to the reconstruction surface. The SRM is then used to obtain incident field estimates in microwave imaging systems. Using a 2D transverse magnetic framework, we show that even with the limited data available in typical microwave tomography setups the SRM can produce incident field estimates in the imaging domain. These estimates are then used along with an MR-GNI algorithm to image synthetic and experimental objects with uncalibrated measured data. / October 2016

The band around 60 GHz is interesting for BAN applications mainly for lowerinterference than at microwave frequencies, wide available band adapted to On-Off Keying(OOK) modulation for low energy consumption and low data rate communication (under10 Mbps), antenna miniaturization. Nevertheless, due to high attenuation at this frequency,the design of a reliable and energy-effective communications for BANs requires a detailedanalysis of the body channel. A planar and compact SIW horn antenna was designed and usedfor body channel measurements at 60 GHz. The main contribution in the antenna design is thebandwidth enhancement covering the whole available band around 60 GHz compared to thesame antenna type available at this frequency. The on-body measurements with this antennashow that short-distance and LOS (Line Of Sight) links are possible at 60 GHz. The bodydynamic is taken into account by statistical off-body channel measurements. For the firsttime, measurements are done for the same scenarios at 60 GHz and another frequency in theUltra WideBand suitable with OOK impulse radio modulation. By taking into accounttransmission power standards and low power consumption receivers sensitivity in theliterature, the potentiality of 60 GHz for BAN is shown with an outage probability lower than8 % whereas this parameter is lower than 15 % at 4 GHz. When characterizing antenna onbody, difficulties arise for antenna de-embedding due to the antenna-body coupling. In fact,the antenna gain depends on transmitter-receiver distance on body. For the first time, aformulation of the vertical dipole gain on body is given. Also a new theoretical approachbased on the complex images method is proposed to compare two types of canonical antennaradiating on body. A vertical dipole and different rectangular apertures are normalizedthrough their input impedance with the same accepted power. The aperture input impedanceformulation has been developed during this study. The aperture efficiencies are 10% higherwhen antennas are at a height lower than 3 mm above the body phantom. The received powerincreases with the antenna size only for phantom direct touch, the difference among antennasis lower than 4 dB for the considered antennas limited with a monomode configuration. / Doctorat en Sciences de l'ingénieur et technologie / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Ce manuscrit est consacré à l’étude de la méthode du développement en singularités (SEM) appliquée aux antennes. Dans la première partie de ce travail, trois méthodes d’extraction des pôles de résonance sont présentées et comparées : les méthodes de Prony et Matrix Pencil dans le domaine temporel et la méthode de Cauchy dans le domaine fréquentiel. Une procédure est établie pour optimiser l’extraction avec chaque méthode et une étude de robustesse montre que la méthode Matrix Pencil permet d’obtenir plus de pôles et avec une meilleure précision que les deux autres méthodes en présence de bruit. Dans un second temps, la méthode Matrix Pencil est appliquée sur des réponses d’antennes, obtenues en rayonnement et en Surface Equivalente Radar (SER), et les pôles de résonance extraits sont identiques pour les deux approches. Cette étude valide donc la possibilité d’extraire les pôles de résonance d’une antenne directement à partir de sa SER. La variation de la position des pôles de résonance en fonction des dimensions et de la charge de deux antennes est ensuite étudiée et met en évidence le lien entre l’impédance d’entrée de l’antenne et ses pôles de résonance. Enfin, les mesures de la SER de trois antennes valident expérimentalement l’extraction des pôles de résonance à partir de la SER d’une antenne. Ce travail pose donc les bases de la caractérisation d’antennes à l’aide de la SEM appliquée à la SER de l’antenne. / This manuscript deals with the Singularity Expansion Method (SEM) applied to antenna characterization. In the first part of this work, three resonant poles extraction methods are presented and compared: the Prony and Matrix Pencil methods in the transient domain and the Cauchy method in the frequency domain. A procedure is defined to optimize the extraction with each method and a robustness study shows that Matrix Pencil method allows obtaining more physical poles with a better accuracy than the two other methods in presence of noise. In a second part, the Matrix Pencil algorithm is applied on radiated and backscattered antenna responses. Extracted resonant poles from both responses are exactly the same. This study validates the possibility to extract poles directly from its backscattered response. The position of resonant poles is analyzed with respect to antenna’s dimension and its load for two different cases. This emphasizes the link between antenna poles and antenna input impedance. Finally, RCS measurements of three antennas validate antenna poles extraction directly from its RCS. This work lays the foundations of antenna characterization using the SEM applied to RCS measurements.