There are over 3,700 active and decommissioned municipal solid waste (MSW) landfill sites located in Ontario (MOE, 1991). Under current legislation, these landfill sites must be rehabilitated to a defined end use when decommissioned. In Ontario, the primary prescribed end use of closed landfills is typically agriculture, and that end use can lead to food-consumer concerns, due to the perceived risk of potential contamination from legacy materials found in landfills. Converting these sites to produce biomass-energy crops instead of food crops could mitigate that concern and also help to avoid the current controversy with bioenergy-crop production on high-capability agricultural land. In this study, a 3.5-year field program with subsequent verification and analysis investigated and developed rehabilitation prescriptions using locally obtained topsoil and soil-forming materials (subsoil) to develop anthropogenic soil profiles on top of a sealed landfill cover (clay cap). These prescriptions provided crop productivity at least as good as, and generally better than, local agricultural soils. Mixed forages and biomass-specific crops (warm season grasses) were grown on these soils in replicated plot trials to evaluate the efficacy of a range of soil treatments. Following establishment of technical feasibility for site rehabilitation, economic modeling was conducted to determine the feasibility of using these anthropogenic soils for the production of forage crops, biofuel feedstock, and simple energy products at a scale consistent with typical landfill sites in Ontario. An economic model was developed to aid proponents in selecting appropriate rehabilitation methods and to assess potential bioenergy-crop outputs for their site. This study demonstrated that while it is technically feasible to rehabilitate these waste sites to produce agricultural crops and/or biofuel feedstock, the scale of typical landfill sites makes it very difficult to compete, from an economic perspective, with conventional energy sources. However, the diverted incoming materials, such as leaf and yard waste, compostable biosolids, and paper mill waste, can be used in the development of manufactured soil profiles for rehabilitation, significantly reducing rehabilitation costs and facilitating more cost-competitive production of agricultural and biomass feedstock crops. / Niagara Waste Systems Limited, a division of Walker Industries Holdings Limited, MITACS

Submitted by Larissa Figueiredo Daves (larissadaves_@hotmail.com.br) on 2018-10-10T18:31:18Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DAVES_L.F.dissertação_arqueologogia_da_paisagem.pdf: 12942546 bytes, checksum: d7edf9f97627d5ad671704f7f9aac45a (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by ALESSANDRA KUBA OSHIRO ASSUNÇÃO (alessandra@fct.unesp.br) on 2018-10-10T20:27:43Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 daves_lf_me_prud.pdf: 12942546 bytes, checksum: d7edf9f97627d5ad671704f7f9aac45a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-10-10T20:27:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 daves_lf_me_prud.pdf: 12942546 bytes, checksum: d7edf9f97627d5ad671704f7f9aac45a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-10-03 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Pesquisas ambientais referentes à relação da sociedade com a natureza em tempos pretéritos mostram a relevância do estudo interdisciplinar entre a Geografia e a Arqueologia. Nesse sentido, foi realizado um estudo do Sítio Arqueológico Piracanjuba, localizado no Município de Piraju, SP, na região do Médio Rio Paranapanema, pelo viés teórico da Arqueologia da Paisagem. Trata-se de um sítio litocerâmico Guarani, cuja área é estudada visando compreender o padrão de assentamento para, depois, submetê-lo ao exame comparativo com os demais sítios arqueológicos Guarani do Médio Paranapanema. O ambiente foi analisado, segundo os pressupostos geossistêmicos horizontais (geofácies e geótopo) e verticais (geohorizontes), a fim de abordar a representação e espacialização cartográfica do sítio em sua relação com as características do complexo físico-geográfico da área. Para a sistematização dos dados, foram utilizados programas de Sistema de Informação Geográfica (SIG), como o QGIS, bem como programa de desenho assistido, como o AutoCad e CorelDRAW, além da análise de fotografias panorâmicas, fotografias aéreas (estereoscopia analógical) e imagens de satélite. Os resultados desta dissertação contribuem para o trabalho de análise da paisagem em pesquisas arqueológicas, sobretudo no que diz respeito ao Sistema de Ocupação Regional Guarani no Vale do Rio Paranapanema, além da discussão sobre Arqueologia da Paisagem pelo viés geossistêmico. / Research concerning the relationship between society and the environment in past times shows the relevance of interdisciplinary studies between Geography and Archeology. In this sense, a study of the Piracanjuba Archaeological Site, located in the Municipality of Piraju, SP, in the region of the Middle Paranapanema River, was carried out by the theoretical bias of Landscape Archeology. It is a Guarani litho-ceramic site. The area of the site is studied in order to understand the pattern of settlement and then submit it to the comparative examination with the other Guarani archaeological sites of the Middle Paranapanema. The environment was analyzed according to geosciences (geo-geology and geo-geology) and vertical (geohorizon) assumptions in order to approach the representation and mapping of the site in its relation with the characteristics of the physical-geographic complex of the area. For the systematization of the data, Geographic Information System (GIS) programs such as QGIS were used, as well as an assisted design program such as AutoCad and CorelDRAW, as well as the analysis of panoramic photographs, aerial photographs (digital stereoscopy) and satellite images. The results of this dissertation contribute to the work of analyzing the landscape in archaeological research, especially with regard to the Guarani Regional Occupation System in the Paranapanema River Valley, besides the discussion on Landscape Archeology by the geosystemic bias. / Las investigaciones referentes a la relación de la sociedad con el ambiente en tiempos pretéritos muestran la relevancia de estudios interdisciplinarios entre la Geografía y la Arqueología. En ese sentido, se realizó un estudio del Sitio Arqueológico Piracanjuba, ubicado en el Municipio de Piraju, SP, en la región del Medio Río Paranapanema, por el sesgo teórico de la Arqueología del Paisaje. Se trata de un sitio lítico de Guarani. El área del sitio es estudiada para comprender el patrón de asentamiento para luego someterlo al examen comparativo con los demás sitios arqueológicos Guaraní del Medio Paranapanema. El ambiente fue analizado, según los supuestos geosistémicos horizontales (geofácies y geótopo) y verticales (geohorizontes), a fin de abordar la representación y espacialización cartográfica del sitio en su relación con las características del complejo físico-geográfico del área. Para la sistematización de los datos, se utilizaron programas de Sistema de Información Geográfica (SIG) como QGIS, así como programa de diseño asistido como AutoCad y CorelDRAW, además del análisis de fotografías panorámicas, fotografías aéreas (estereoscopia digital) e imágenes de satélite. Los resultados de esta disertación contribuyen al trabajo de análisis del paisaje en investigaciones arqueológicas, sobre todo en lo que se refiere al Sistema de Ocupación Regional Guaraní en el Valle del Río Paranapanema, además de la discusión sobre Arqueología del Paisaje por el sesgo geosistémico. / 134389/2016-6

Mon sujet de thèse intègre l’un des projets globaux de l’UMR UFC/CNRS 6249 Chrono-Environnement intitule « stratégies de phytoremédiation basées sur l’utilisation d’arbres et de microorganismes associés », qui s’appuie, entre autre, sur 2 projets de recherche :• le projet PROLIPHYT (programme Eco-Industrie, 2013-2018, ADEME) intitulé « PROduction de LIgneux PHYtoremédiants»,• le projet PHYTOCHEM (ANR CD2i, 2013-2018) intitulé « Développement de procédés chimiques éco-innovants pour valoriser les biomasses issues des phytotechnologies ».Les objectifs généraux sont d’améliorer le potentiel de phytoremédiation d’un panel d’espèces ligneuses et de développer le potentiel microbien pour une phytoremédiation aidée sur sol contaminé. En plus de limiter l’impact des polluants, cette stratégie vise à promouvoir la production de biomasse sur sols délaissés et non exploitables par l’agriculture, tout en assurant la biodiversité nécessaire à la restauration d’un écosystème anthropogénique.Mon travail de thèse est financé au travers un contrat doctoral ministériel handicap (dyslexie). Il s’appuie sur la réhabilitation de deux zones de stockage de sédiments industriels, utilisés jusque dans les années 2000. Ces deux sites expérimentaux (site INOVYN de St Symphorien-sur-Saône en Côte d’Or, site CRISTAL de l’Ochsenfeld en Alsace) présentent des caractéristiques physico-chimiques très particulières qui en font des lieux d’étude privilégiés. Le premier est une ancienne lagune de décantation dont les sédiments enrichis en Hg, Ba et As proviennent du traitement des eaux usées issues du procédé d’électrolyse à Hg de l’entreprise SOLVAY. Le second est une lagune constituée d’un remblai dans lequel ont été stockés depuis les années 1930, les résidus d’extraction du dioxyde de titane de l’Usine CRISTAL de Thann. A l’inverse du premier site expérimental, on observe une flore peu abondante qui se traduit par un développement hétérogène d’une espèce ligneuse principale, le bouleau.La recolonisation naturelle et spontanée de végétaux, plus particulièrement d’espèces ligneuses sur les deux sites est sans doute le résultat d’étroites collaborations avec des microorganismes telluriques situés aux abords de leur système racinaire. Nous avons ainsi choisi de travailler sur 3 espèces pionnières qui se sont naturellement réimplantées sur les deux sites d’études : le saule et le peuplier pour la friche industrielle de Tavaux et le bouleau pour l’unité de traitement des effluents du site de l’Ochsenfeld. / AbstractMy thesis subject includes one of the global projects of the UMR UFC/CNRS 6249 Chrono-Environnement entitled "phytoremediation strategies based on the use of trees and associated microorganisms", which is based, among other things, on 2 research projects:• the PROLIPHYT project (Eco-Industry programme, 2013-2018, ADEME) entitled "Production of woody phytoremediants",• the PHYTOCHEM project (ANR CD2i, 2013-2018) entitled "Development of eco-innovative chemical processes to exploit biomasses from phytotechnologies".The general objectives are to improve the phytoremediation potential of a panel of woody species and to develop the microbial potential for assisted phytoremediation on contaminated soil. In addition to limiting the impact of pollutants, this strategy aims to promote the production of biomass on land abandoned and not exploitable by agriculture, while ensuring the biodiversity needed to restore an anthropogenic ecosystem.My thesis work is financed through a ministerial doctoral contract for disability (dyslexia). It is based on the rehabilitation of two industrial sediment storage areas, used until the 2000s. These two experimental sites (INOVYN site of Saint-Symphorien-sur-Saône in Côte-d'Or, CRISTAL site of Ochsenfeld in Alsace) present very particular physico-chemical characteristics which make them privileged places of study. The first is a former settling lagoon whose sediments enriched in Hg, Ba and As come from the treatment of wastewater from SOLVAY's Hg electrolysis process. The second is a lagoon consisting of a backfill in which the titanium dioxide extraction residues from the CRISTAL Thann Plant have been stored since the 1930s. In contrast to the first experimental site, there is a low abundance of flora which results in heterogeneous development of a main woody species, the birch.The natural and spontaneous recolonisation of plants, more particularly woody species on both sites, is undoubtedly the result of close collaboration with telluric microorganisms located near their root systems. We have thus chosen to work on 3 pioneer species that have naturally relocated to the two study sites: willow and poplar for the industrial wasteland of Tavaux and birch for the effluent treatment unit at the Ochsenfeld site.