This thesis will examine the artifact assemblages from three slave structures excavated in 1998 as part of a National Park Service project. The excavations of the three structures provided the researcher with a wealth of data regarding the daily lives of the enslaved population on Water Island. The secure contexts from which these artifacts were recovered have allowed the researcher to compare the artifacts, in particular the ceramics recovered from the slave cabins to those recovered from the plantation owner's house. Through analysis of the ceramics recovered from these two unique contexts, this thesis will illustrate the existence of consumer choice among the slaves who through their own enterprises were able to amass small amounts of wealth with which they purchased the overwhelming majority if not all of their material possessions. The remains of these possessions, reveal that the slaves living at Carolina Point Plantation expressed their culture through the acquisition of material goods. / A Thesis submitted to the Department of Anthropology in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Masters of Science. / Fall Semester, 2006. / July 7, 2006. / Plantation, Archaeology, Caribbean, Slave / Includes bibliographical references. / Glen H. Doran, Professor Directing Thesis; Elizabeth Peters, Committee Member; Bruce Grindal, Committee Member.

This thesis presents an analysis of faunal materials recovered from features at Fort Mitchell during excavations directed by J.W. Cottier between 2000 and 2002. Fort Mitchell was located west of the Chattahoochee River, in present Russell County, Alabama. Few records have been identified that discuss how these individuals, posted far in the American wilderness, were provisioned. It is expected that they primarily utilized domesticated animals for the majority of their meat diet. Changes in funding, supply delays, and a frontier location may have made reliance on domestic meat sources less than certain. The degree to which the inhabitants utilized local resources, both wild and domesticated, is also unknown. This study endeavors to understand the meat component of diet through the analysis of selected features from the fort interior. The analysis of this material improves our understanding of the procurement of animal species, and the animal portion of the diet, of the inhabitants of Fort Mitchell between 1813 and 1840. / A Thesis submitted to the Department of Anthropology in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts. / Fall Semester, 2004. / October 27, 2004. / Uniform Buttons, Rations, Subsistence, Domesticates, Fauna, Creek, Frontier Fort, Alabama Frontier, War Of 1812, Creek War, Food Remains / Includes bibliographical references. / Rochelle Marrinan, Professor Directing Thesis; Michael Russo, Outside Committee Member; Glen Doran, Committee Member.

Four shipwrecks of Late Antiquity were discovered in deep water during a survey in the summer of 2000 near the city of Sinop on the southern coast of the Black Sea. The survey was part of a long-term Institute for Exploration (IFE) project to explore archaeological maritime resources of the Black Sea led by Robert Ballard and a team of researchers from several organizations. Surveys were conducted using side-scan sonar and remotely operated vehicles. In 2003 the team returned with HERCULES, a remotely operated vehicle especially designed for archaeological investigations. Three of the four shipwreck sites were investigated with HERCULES. The focus of this thesis is the analysis of data collected from three of the shipwrecks during the 2000 and 2003 surveys. Information from analysis has been incorporated into a framework of history and economics, placing the three shipwrecks within an anthropological context, and recommendations for expanding and building on these preliminary investigations are offered. / A Thesis submitted to the Department of Anthropology in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts. / Spring Semester, 2005. / March 28, 2005. / Remotely Operated Vehicles, Shipwrecks, Maritime Archaeology, Byzantine, Black Sea, Late Antiquity / Includes bibliographical references. / Cheryl Ward, Professor Directing Thesis; Glen Doran, Committee Member; David Stone, Committee Member.

The communities of Apalachicola, Carrabelle, and surrounding Franklin County have been intimately tied to the sea. This connection has existed from prehistoric times to the present. However, the strongest ties to the sea existed throughout the nineteenth century into the early part of the twentieth. This connection to maritime cultural environment has had a profound influence on the lives of the people who lived in this region. Shedding light on the lives of the people who lived in this region and the social and cultural processes at work within these communities is critical to understanding the submerged cultural resources. This study develops a multi-faceted/multi-scalier approach to understanding these processes. In particular, a model, based on economic principles, is developed so that it is possible to tease out the human behavior occurring within the region. Utilizing this model, coupled with the historic and archaeological record, the study demonstrates the critical social and cultural processes at work within these communities on local, regional, and global levels. As part of the overall study, the dissertation also focuses on the remains of a shipwreck resting on the backside of Dog Island. This invaluable submerged archaeological resource provides further insight into the local social and cultural processes at work within the region. The dissertation concludes by demonstrating that the remains of this shipwreck are symbolic of the local labor. As such, these vestiges of human labor represent the maritime microcosm that existed throughout the region during the nineteenth and early twentieth century. / A Dissertation submitted to the Department of Anthropology in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. / Spring Semester, 2005. / February 4, 2005. / Florida, Symbols, Franklin County, World-Systems Theory, Labor Theory Of Value, Maritime Economic And Socio-Cultural Relations, Maritime Cultural Landscape, Nineteenth Century, Schooner, Shipwreck, North Florida, Gulf Of Mexico, Dog Island, St. George Island, Carrabelle, Maritime History, Apalachicola, Archaeology, Maritime Archaeology, Nautical Archaeology, Underwater Archaeology, Maritime Labor, Maritime Communities / Includes bibliographical references. / William A. Parkinson, Professor Directing Dissertation; Robinson Herrera, Outside Committee Member; Glen Doran, Committee Member; Michael A. Uzendoski, Committee Member.

In past decades, archaeobotanical research has facilitated a better understanding of the impact of cultivated and wild plants in the Great Hungarian Plain. With the introduction of complex flotation systems and improved sampling methodologies, archaeobotanists have been able to produce comprehensive analyses of plant remains, aiding in defining stratigraphy and cultural contexts of archaeological sites. This study, which focuses on macrobotanical remains from the Early Copper Age archaeological site, Vésztõ-Bikeri, will investigate the presence and spatial variability of plant remains of plants at a settlement site. Selected botanical samples were examined using a presence-analysis to evaluate the exploitation and distribution of plant remains at the Vésztõ-Bikeri site. This thesis tests the proposition that differential distribution of plant remains at settlements can aid in understanding the social dynamics of the household unit. / A Thesis submitted to the Department of Anthropology in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science. / Fall Semester, 2003. / November 7, 2003. / Palaeoethnobotany, Hungarian Archaeology, Archaeobotany, Plant Remains / Includes bibliographical references. / William Parkinson, Professor Co-Directing Thesis; Cheryl Ward, Professor Co-Directing Thesis; Ksenija Borojevic, Committee Member; Rochelle Marrinan, Committee Member.

The selection of the sickle cell trait occurred prior to the origin of agriculture, and possibly prior to the origin of Homo sapiens. This is shown by examining the evolutionary history of Plasmodium, the genetics of abnormal hemoglobin, and finally the skeletal traits of bone affected by sickle cell disease. Malarial parasites, particularly Plasmodium falciparum, evolved eight to ten million years ago, making it possible for humans to be infected with malaria as early as the time of the split between human and chimpanzee. A single point mutation in DNA transcription led to the circulation of hemoglobin S (HbS)in the gene pool, giving rise to a number of individuals homozygous for the trait. Individuals homozygous for the sickle cell trait (HbSS) exhibit signs of the disease in the skeleton. Traits of sickle cell disease mimic other forms of anemia, making differential diagnosis a primary goal in determining whether or not sickle cell disease is present in the fossil record. A diagnosis of sickle cell disease in the fossil record confirms the hypothesis that the sickle cell trait evolved prior to the origin of agriculture. / A Thesis submitted to the Department of Anthropology in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science. / Spring Semester, 2004. / March 15, 2004. / Origin of Malaria, Sickle Cell Disease, Paleopathology / Includes bibliographical references. / Glenn Doran, Committee Member; Elizabeth Peters, Committee Member.

My cultural anthropology master’s thesis focuses on the workings of Inanna House, an emergency shelter/residential program for commercially sexually exploited (CSEC) youth in Portland, Oregon. In the summer of 2017, I did participant observation and interviewed youth and direct care staff members at the CSEC shelter I had been working at for 2 years. I begin by situating ideas about domestic minor sex trafficking (DMST) within larger historical, legal, economic, and political contexts. I consider concepts of childhood, race, class, gender, and sexuality on the story of DMST in the United States. Next, I explore the ways humans and institutions move around, and sometimes through, a shared human vulnerability. By considering the functions of trauma and CSE youths' experiences of resilience and relationship, I make a case for care based on interconnectedness. Using the lens of commensurability and social commensurability, I highlight how care oscillated between a disciplinary gaze and a deep relatability (Povinelli 2001; Garcia 2010). Further, I discuss how rules meant to consider trauma's impact on the mind and body of youth often faltered with inconsistency, forming traumatropisms instead of trauma-informed care (Feldman 2015). I draw out the evidence for the tangle of care and control in the shelter. In addition, I examine youth and staff experiences of living and working at Inanna House. I focus on how Inanna House used techniques of quasi-total institutions and disciplinary power along with tools of trauma-informed care to structure its program, and how all three often fell apart (Goffman 1969; Foucault 1976). In the cracks of the crumbling foundational structures though, I bring into view instances of what I call "becoming" (Deleuze 1997). Becoming refers to the ways both youth and staff disrupted roles based on discipline and control or being trauma-informed, and were more malleable, more desiring, and more unknown than the structures around them accounted for (Biehl and Locke 2017). Finally, I discuss the role of grief, often missing in the organization of care in institutions like Inanna House, as well as in the anthropology of violence working on identities and relations in the aftermath. I try through this thesis to express the complexities and connections, the messiness and tenderness, running through the relationships and institution of a shelter for commercially sexually exploited youth.

This in-depth ethnographic study focuses on state-sponsored Overseas Chinese Academics (OCAs) and China's managed cultural globalisation based on two years of multi-sited fieldwork in South Africa, Australia, and China. Extending Goffman's (1956) theoretical frameworks of everyday dramatism such as the frontstage and the backstage, I adopt the middlestage as the primary conceptual lens of my investigation. The middlestage of China's managed cultural globalisation is examined as a fluid and embodied space where state-sponsored OCAs and Chinese state institutions negotiate power in the process of producing performances. I argue that for state-sponsored OCAs, the middlestage of China's managed cultural globalisation is simultaneously a space of curation, negotiation, and re-imagination. The research also incorporates an ethnographic fiction titled The Islanders and provides a thick description of my state-sponsored OCA participants' life trajectories. The Islanders reveals how individual OCAs curate their performances and self-presentations, negotiate their social mobility and identities; and reimagine their realities whilst seeking conviviality on the middlestage. The thesis discusses and demonstrates how ethnographic fiction can be used as an essential tool for anthropological research.

Includes bibliographical references. / This research begins to reflect on how multiracial families navigate racialised difference in everyday life in South Africa. It utilises qualitative data collected in both Mahikeng and Cape Town, to throw light on various people’s lived experience of race in South Africa, whilst concurrently drawing from the large discourse on race in South Africa and elsewhere. The findings suggest that multiracial families are interacting with the remnants of Apartheid still evident in South Africa - most notably in discourses of racially homogenous kinship and racial categorisation – whilst concurrently thinking about new ways to engage with and envision possibilities beyond the dominant discourses of race evident in South Africa at present. These possibilities take the forms of recognising kinship which crosses racial and biological boundaries, engaging with the limitations of Apartheid racial categorisation in a space where Apartheid and all legislation pertaining to interracial relationships has been dismantled, and formulating new language with which to accommodate racial diversity. This implies that whilst South Africa remains haunted by its past, possibilities for alternative ways of engaging with race are emerging. The research contributes to on-going debates about how racialized difference is accommodated within post-apartheid South Africa. It allows for critical reflection on (a) the state of the family in South Africa; (b) formations of difference and similarity and(c) the ways in which historically racialised discourse and practice remain embedded in everyday social interactions.

This thesis proposes a model for the comparison of cities as settlement patterns, based primarily on the works of Monica Smith, Michael E. Smith, and V. Gordon Childe. The Tripart Stage-Based Model proposed here examines city proportions, internal specialization, and external specialization, as well as variables within each characteristic. It is intended for use in both the individual study of a settlement's form and function as well as comparative analysis. The Tripart Stage-Based Model operationalizes Monica Smith's triaxial model and creates a progression of analysis beginning with the form of the city before moving through its individual and larger context. This thesis uses the case studies of Kerkenes, Byzantine Constantinople, and Ankara to examine cross-temporal differences in settlement patterns in Anatolia to test the model's utility in comparative analysis. The thesis finds increasing proportions and external specialization in cities across periods and significant variation in potential evidence for analysis. This thesis provides a foundational exploration of the Tripart Stage-Based Model's use in cross- temporal analysis and calls for further application and study into the geographic and cultural variation between cities as settlement patterns in future research.