Call number: LD2668 .T4 1957 A58 / Master of Science

Call number: LD2668 .T4 1958 F43 / Master of Science

Staphylococci are important opportunistic pathogens often found in the microflora of skin and mucosal surfaces of the upper respiratory tract of man and animals. The coagulase-postive species such as Staphylococcus aureus are capable of causing invasive (eg furuncles and bacteramia) and non-invasive (food poisoning and toxic shock syndrome) conditions in humans. In animals, S. intermedius and S. aureus have been implicated in a variety of conditions including pyoderma in dogs, mastitis in cows and skin infections in horses with S. intermedius being responsible for more than 95% of staphylococcal infections in dogs. / Thesis (PhD)--University of South Australia, 2006.

Thesis (MSc (Production Animal Studies)--University of Pretoria, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references.

Call number: LD2668 .T4 1958 W47

The disposition of four therapeutically important antimicrobial agents was studied in llamas following intravenous bolus administration. Six llamas were each given ampicillin, tobramycin, trimethoprim and enrofloxacin at a dose of 12 mg/kg, 1 mg/kg, 3 mg/kg and 5 mg/kg of body weight with a wash out period of 3 days between each treatment. Plasma concentrations of these antimicrobial agents over 12 hours following IV bolus dosing were determined by reverse phase HPLC. Dispositions of these four antimicrobial agents were described by two compartment open model with elimination from the central compartment, and also by non-compartmental methods. From compartmental analysis, the elimination rate constant, half-life, and apparent volume of distribution in the central compartment were determined. Statistical moment theory was used to determine non-compartmental pharmacokinetic parameters of mean residence time, clearance, and volume of distribution at steady-state. Based on the disposition parameters determined, a dose and dosing interval for each of the four antimicrobial agents was suggested for llamas. Steady state peak and trough plasma levels were also predicted for the drugs in this study for llamas. / Graduation date: 1994

Call number: LD2668 .T4 1986 H87 / Master of Science / Clinical Sciences

Orientador: José Paes de Almeida Nogueira / Banca: Vera Lúcia Mores Rall / Banca: Jean Guilherme Fernandes Joaquim / Resumo: O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar a prevalência de Salmonella spp. e seu perfil de resistência a antibióticos em suínos abatidos em frigoríficos sob inspeção federal localizados no interior do estado de São Paulo. Para tanto foram utilizados diferentes tipos de amostras, tais como fezes e linfonodos mediastínicos, mesentéricos e submandibulares, sendo 50 amostras de cada tipo, possibilitando avaliar a relevância do tipo de material analisado em relação ao real status do animal frente à contaminação pelo patógeno. Com base nas amostras positivas foi realizada a sorotipagem das cepas e teste de resistência aos antibióticos. A prevalência do patógeno foi de 10% no total das amostras (20/200), sendo os maiores percentuais de positividade encontrados nos linfonodos submandibulares com 20% de positivos (10/50) e mesentéricos com 18% (9/50) e os menores valores encontrados nas fezes com 2% de positivos (1/50) e linfonodos mediastínicos com nenhuma amostra positiva. Os sorovares predominantes foram S. Typhimurium com 55% das amostras (11/20), seguido de S. enterica subspécie enterica 4,5,12:i:- com 35% (7/20) e os sorovares S. Brandenburg e S. Derby com 5% (1/20) cada. Todas as amostras isoladas apresentarem resistência frente a pelo menos um dos antimicrobianos testados, sendo que 90% (18/20) apresentaram resistência a pelo menos 4 drogas simultaneamente e 15% (3/20) foram enquadradas como multi drogas resistentes. Os maiores índices de resistência foram encontrados para Ciprofloxacina e Tetraciclina com 90% de resistentes (18/20) cada, seguido de Ácido Nalidíxico com 80% (16/20), Sulfonamidas com 75% (15/20), Cloranfenicol e Estreptomicina com 70% (14/20) cada, Sulfametoxazole- Trimetroprim com 65% (13/20), Ampicilina com 25% (5/20), Cefotaxime com 10% (2/10) e Ceftriaxona e Gentamicina com 5% (1/20) cada. As amostras resistentes à Ciprofloxacina foram testadas para a presença da enzima ESBL, sendo 100% ... / Abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of Salmonella spp. and their antibiotic resistance profiles in swine slaughtered in abattoirs under federal inspection located in the state of São Paulo. For both types of samples, such as feces and mediastinal, mesenteric and submandibular lymph nodes, 50 samples of each type being possible to evaluate the relevance of the type of material analyzed in relation to the actual status of the animal against the contamination by the pathogen were used. Based on positive samples, serotyping of the strains and antibiotic resistance test was performed. The prevalence of the pathogen was 10% of total samples (20/200) wich the highest positivity found in the submandibular lymph nodes with 20% positive (10/50) and mesenteric with 18% (9/50) and lower found in the feces with 2% positive (1/50) and mediastinal lymph nodes with no positive sample. The predominant serotypes were S.Typhimurium with 55% of the samples (11/20) followed by S. enterica subspecies enterica 4,5,12: i: -, 35% (7/20) and the serotypes S. Brandenburg and S. derby 5% (1/20) each. All isolates were resistant at least one of the antimicrobials tested, among them 90% (18/20) showed resistance to at least four drugs simultaneously and 15% (3/20) were classified as multi drug resistant. The highest rates were found for Ciprofloxacin and Tetracycline resistance with 90% (18/20) each, followed by Nalidixic Acid with 80% (16/20), Sulfonamides 75% (15/20), Chloramphenicol and Streptomycin with 70% (14/20) each, Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole 65% (13/20), Ampicillin 25% (5/20), Cefotaxime 10% (2/10) and Ceftriaxone and Gentaminicine with 5% (1/20) each. Resistant to Ciprofloxacin samples were tested for the presence of ESBL enzyme, 100% of them considered negative / Doutor

Orientador: Everlon Cid Rigobelo / Banca: Mariana Carina Frigieri Salaro / Banca: Fábio Camilotti / Resumo: Devido ao grande número de antibióticos de uso veterinário que estão sendo liberados no solo através da urina e dejetos fecais dos animais de produção, algumas pesquisas têm verificado o impacto desses antibióticos na microbiota do solo. O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o impacto dos antibióticos sobre a microbiota do solo em condições de microcosmos, de um solo de pastagem de bovinos e um solo de floresta, submetidos à presença de três antibióticos utilizados na produção animal, sendo estes, ampicilina, enrofloxacina e estreptomicina, nas concentrações de 0, 30 e 100 mg/kg de solo seco. A concentração de 0 mg/kg foi usada como controle. Os solos foram incubados em frascos de vidro de tampa rosca e mantidos a temperatura ambiente no escuro para reproduzir as condições reais encontradas na natureza. Foram avaliadas atividade respiratória microbiana, atividade da enzima desidrogenase e contagem de unidades formadoras de colônias (UFC) para estabelecer se existia ou não inibição do crescimento bacteriano nos dias 0, 1, 20 e 35. Os resultados mostram um aumento considerável nas UFC nos solos que receberam a ampicilina em ambas às concentrações durante o primeiro dia com relação ao controle. No dia 35 estas contagens se tornaram semelhantes ao controle ou menores. Os solos que receberam enrofloxacina e estreptomicina tiveram uma contagem menor que o controle inicialmente e com o tempo essas UFC aumentaram. A atividade respiratória microbiana e a atividade da enzima... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Due to the large number of veterinary antibiotics that are being released into the soil through urine and fecal waste of livestock, some research has linked the impact of those antibiotics in soil microflora. In the current study was evaluated the impact of antibiotics in the soil microbial community under microcosms conditions, cattle pasture soil and a forest soil under the presence of three antibiotics used in animal husbadry; ampicilin, enrofloxacyn and streptomycin, using a concentration of 0, 30 e 100 mg/kg dry soil. The concentration of 0mg/kg was used as control. The soils were incubated in screw cap glass jars and kept at room temperature in the dark to reproduce actual conditions found in nature. It was evaluated the microbial respiratory activity as well as the activity of dehydrogenase enzyme and colony forming units (CFU) to establish whether there was inhibition of bacterial growth or not at day 0, 1, 20 and 35. The results show a considerable increase in CFU in soils that received both concentrations of ampicillin during the first day compared with control. At day 35 these counting became similar to control or lower. The soils that received enrofloxacin and streptomycin, initially had lower countings than the control and over time these CFU increased. The microbial respiratory activity and the activity of dehydrogenase also confirmed these findings. These results suggest that some microorganisms are using a compound of ampicillin to grow. The other antibiotics decrease the soil microbial population, especially streptomycin. Probably some microorganisms are being selected / Mestre

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T16:53:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2014-11-21Bitstream added on 2015-05-14T16:58:56Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000825975.pdf: 227328 bytes, checksum: 7940fcb185d63c21829bcedf51122296 (MD5) / O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar a prevalência de Salmonella spp. e seu perfil de resistência a antibióticos em suínos abatidos em frigoríficos sob inspeção federal localizados no interior do estado de São Paulo. Para tanto foram utilizados diferentes tipos de amostras, tais como fezes e linfonodos mediastínicos, mesentéricos e submandibulares, sendo 50 amostras de cada tipo, possibilitando avaliar a relevância do tipo de material analisado em relação ao real status do animal frente à contaminação pelo patógeno. Com base nas amostras positivas foi realizada a sorotipagem das cepas e teste de resistência aos antibióticos. A prevalência do patógeno foi de 10% no total das amostras (20/200), sendo os maiores percentuais de positividade encontrados nos linfonodos submandibulares com 20% de positivos (10/50) e mesentéricos com 18% (9/50) e os menores valores encontrados nas fezes com 2% de positivos (1/50) e linfonodos mediastínicos com nenhuma amostra positiva. Os sorovares predominantes foram S. Typhimurium com 55% das amostras (11/20), seguido de S. enterica subspécie enterica 4,5,12:i:- com 35% (7/20) e os sorovares S. Brandenburg e S. Derby com 5% (1/20) cada. Todas as amostras isoladas apresentarem resistência frente a pelo menos um dos antimicrobianos testados, sendo que 90% (18/20) apresentaram resistência a pelo menos 4 drogas simultaneamente e 15% (3/20) foram enquadradas como multi drogas resistentes. Os maiores índices de resistência foram encontrados para Ciprofloxacina e Tetraciclina com 90% de resistentes (18/20) cada, seguido de Ácido Nalidíxico com 80% (16/20), Sulfonamidas com 75% (15/20), Cloranfenicol e Estreptomicina com 70% (14/20) cada, Sulfametoxazole- Trimetroprim com 65% (13/20), Ampicilina com 25% (5/20), Cefotaxime com 10% (2/10) e Ceftriaxona e Gentamicina com 5% (1/20) cada. As amostras resistentes à Ciprofloxacina foram testadas para a presença da enzima ESBL, sendo 100% ... / The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of Salmonella spp. and their antibiotic resistance profiles in swine slaughtered in abattoirs under federal inspection located in the state of São Paulo. For both types of samples, such as feces and mediastinal, mesenteric and submandibular lymph nodes, 50 samples of each type being possible to evaluate the relevance of the type of material analyzed in relation to the actual status of the animal against the contamination by the pathogen were used. Based on positive samples, serotyping of the strains and antibiotic resistance test was performed. The prevalence of the pathogen was 10% of total samples (20/200) wich the highest positivity found in the submandibular lymph nodes with 20% positive (10/50) and mesenteric with 18% (9/50) and lower found in the feces with 2% positive (1/50) and mediastinal lymph nodes with no positive sample. The predominant serotypes were S.Typhimurium with 55% of the samples (11/20) followed by S. enterica subspecies enterica 4,5,12: i: -, 35% (7/20) and the serotypes S. Brandenburg and S. derby 5% (1/20) each. All isolates were resistant at least one of the antimicrobials tested, among them 90% (18/20) showed resistance to at least four drugs simultaneously and 15% (3/20) were classified as multi drug resistant. The highest rates were found for Ciprofloxacin and Tetracycline resistance with 90% (18/20) each, followed by Nalidixic Acid with 80% (16/20), Sulfonamides 75% (15/20), Chloramphenicol and Streptomycin with 70% (14/20) each, Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole 65% (13/20), Ampicillin 25% (5/20), Cefotaxime 10% (2/10) and Ceftriaxone and Gentaminicine with 5% (1/20) each. Resistant to Ciprofloxacin samples were tested for the presence of ESBL enzyme, 100% of them considered negative