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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Duration of Anticoagulant Therapy for Unprovoked Venous Thromboembolism

Khan, Faizan 17 October 2022 (has links)
Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a chronic illness that affects nearly 10 million people every year worldwide. Anticoagulant therapy with direct oral anticoagulants is the mainstay of treatment for patients with VTE, and should be continued for at least 3-6 months. Thereafter, a decision should be made to discontinue anticoagulation or continue it indefinitely. This decision is most challenging for patients with a first unprovoked VTE because of uncertainty in estimates for the long-term benefits (e.g., reduction in recurrent VTE) and harms (e.g., increase in major bleeding) of extended anticoagulation, and the trade-offs between them. The overarching aim of this doctoral thesis was to address these key evidence gaps that are pertinent to making decisions regarding the duration of anticoagulation for patients with a first unprovoked VTE. The first three studies of this thesis synthesized contemporary and reliable estimates for the long-term risks and consequences of recurrent VTE and major bleeding, with and without extended anticoagulation (parameters that can influence the clinical and cost-effectiveness of discontinuing versus continuing anticoagulation indefinitely). Broadly, these systematic reviews and meta-analyses found that: 1) the long-term risks and consequences of major bleeding during extended anticoagulation are considerable, particularly with vitamin K antagonists as well as in older patients, patients using antiplatelet therapy, and in patients with kidney disease, a history of bleeding, or anemia; and 2) the long-term risks of recurrent VTE during extended anticoagulation and major bleeding after discontinuing anticoagulation are reassuringly low but not negligible. The fourth study incorporated the synthesized evidence to compare the lifetime clinical benefits, harms, and costs of discontinuing versus continuing anticoagulation indefinitely. This decision analytic modelling study showed that indefinite anticoagulation is unlikely to either result in a net clinical benefit or be cost-effective in all (i.e., unselected) patients with a first unprovoked VTE. Findings from this thesis can serve to impact clinical practice and health policy by informing patient prognosis to guide shared decision-making regarding the duration of treatment for unprovoked VTE, and informing future research to ultimately identify which patients should receive anticoagulation indefinitely in order to maximize health benefits for the available healthcare resources.
2

Anticoagulothérapie à la warfarine : influence de l’apport alimentaire de vitamine K

Leblanc, Cristina 08 1900 (has links)
Un apport élevé de vitamine K a été associé à une meilleure stabilité du traitement à la warfarine. Toutefois, l’effet du gène VKORC1, codant pour une enzyme impliquée dans le métabolisme de la vitamine K et inhibée par la warfarine, sur cette association a été très peu étudié. De plus, il a été suggéré que les patients anticoagulés sont fréquemment conseillés de restreindre leur consommation d’aliments riches en vitamine K dans le contexte clinique. Néanmoins, l’effet de cette recommandation sur l’apport de vitamine K n’est pas établi. Afin d’examiner ces questions, 317 Québécois anticoagulés à la warfarine provenant de 17 sites hospitaliers ont été sondés sur les recommandations alimentaires reçues en début de traitement. L’apport alimentaire habituel de vitamine K a été évalué rétrospectivement sur une période de 12 mois. La stabilité du traitement a été mesurée par le pourcentage de temps passé dans l’intervalle thérapeutique (n=246) du 3e au 12e mois suivant l’initiation du traitement. La majorité des patients (68%) ont rapporté avoir été conseillés de restreindre leur consommation d’aliments riches en vitamine K. L’adhérence à cette recommandation était associée à de plus faibles apports alimentaires de vitamine K. De plus, l’apport alimentaire de vitamine K était positivement associé à la stabilité du traitement, et cette relation n’était pas modulée par le génotype de VKORC1. Ces données ont permis d’illustrer des lacunes dans l’éducation nutritionnelle prodiguée aux patients anticoagulés à la warfarine, et ont contribué à la recherche portant sur l’interaction entre l’apport de vitamine K et la warfarine. / Recent studies suggest that higher vitamin K intake is associated with better warfarin therapy stability. However, whether the VKORC1 gene, encoding an enzyme involved in vitamin K metabolism and inhibited by warfarin, modulates this association is not well studied. Moreover, it has been suggested that warfarin-treated patients are often instructed to limit their consumption of vitamin K-rich foods in the clinical setting. Yet, the impact of this advice on usual dietary vitamin K intakes is unknown. To gain insight in these issues, 317 warfarin-treated patients from 17 hospital sites in the province of Quebec were questioned on the dietary recommendations they had received at warfarin initiation. Usual dietary vitamin K intake was assessed retrospectively over a 12-month period. Stability of warfarin therapy was measured by the percentage of time in the therapeutic range (n=246) from the 3rd to 12th month following warfarin initiation. Most patients (68%) reported being advised to limit their consumption of vitamin K-rich foods, particularly green vegetables. Adherence to this recommendation was associated with lower vitamin K intakes. Moreover, usual dietary vitamin K intake was positively associated with warfarin therapy stability. This association was not modulated by VKORC1 genotype. These data highlighted the need for better nutritional education in warfarin users, and contributed to the research on the interaction between dietary vitamin K intake and warfarin.
3

Intervention nutritionnelle visant à stabiliser l’anticoagulothérapie à la warfarine sodique

Chahine, Suzanne 12 1900 (has links)
L’apport en vitamine K a été identifié comme un facteur influençant la stabilité de l’anticoagulothérapie à long terme. Des études cliniques ont montré que les patients recevant un supplément de vitamine K (100 à 150 μg/jour) bénéficiaient d’une amélioration de la stabilité de l’anticoagulothérapie. Dans le but de vérifier si un effet bénéfique similaire peut être obtenu grâce à une augmentation de l’apport de vitamine K à partir de la diète, un essai contrôlé randomisé de 24 semaines a été mené. Les patients randomisés dans le groupe d’intervention ont participé à des ateliers proposant des recommandations nutritionnelles afin d’augmenter leur apport en vitamine K d’au moins 150 μg/jour. Les patients du groupe contrôle ont participé à des ateliers distincts recommandant une alimentation équilibrée. La stabilité de l’anticoagulothérapie a été définie par le pourcentage de temps passé dans la fenêtre thérapeutique (TTR≥70%) entre les semaines 4 et 24. L’analyse basée sur l’intention de traitement a montré que le pourcentage des participants qui répondaient aux critères de stabilité à l’anticoagulation étaient 44,4% et 27,3% pour le groupe d’intervention et le groupe contrôle, respectivement (p=0,22). L’analyse conforme au protocole a accentué la différence entre les groupes intervention et contrôle (52,2% et 27,3%, respectivement (p=0,088)). Les deux analyses ont montré que l’apport moyen de vitamine K calculé entre les semaines 6 et 24 était supérieur dans le groupe d’intervention par rapport au groupe contrôle (p=0,001). Cette étude tend à appuyer l’hypothèse selon laquelle un apport quotidien élevé de vitamine K améliore la stabilité de l’anticoagulothérapie. / Vitamin K intake has emerged as an important factor in influencing the stability of long-term anticoagulation therapy. Clinical trials have shown that patients receiving a vitamin K supplement (100 - 150 μg/d) present improvements in the stability of their anticoagulant therapy. Thus, a 24-week randomized controlled trial was conducted to verify whether similar beneficial effects could be achieved by increasing daily vitamin K intake through the diet. Patients randomly assigned to the intervention group attended workshops that provided dietary counsel to increase their vitamin K intake by ≥ 150 μg/day. Patients in the control group participated in distinct workshops providing general advice on a balanced diet. The stability of anticoagulation therapy was defined as the percentage of time spent in the therapeutic range (TTR ≥ 70%) during weeks 4 through 24 of the experimental period. Intention to treat analysis showed that the percentage of participants who benefited from an improvement in the stability of anticoagulation therapy was greater in the intervention group than the control group (44.4% vs 27.3% respectively; p=0.22). Per protocol analysis accentuated the difference between groups i.e. 52.2% vs 27.3% in intervention and control group respectively (p=0.088). Both analyses showed that the mean vitamin K intake calculated during weeks 6 through 24 was higher in the intervention than in the control group (p=0.001). The study tends to support the hypothesis that a high daily vitamin K intake improves the anticoagulation stability of warfarin-treated patients.

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