The synthesis of several 6-Chlorodemethyllavendamycin analogs and their chemistry are described. In this investigation the following compounds were prepared:6-Chlorodemethyllavendamycin methyl ester, 6-Chlorodemethyllavendamycin ethylester, 6-Chlorodemethyllavendamycin butyl ester, 6-Chlorodemethyllavendamycin isoamyl ester, 6-Chlorodemethyllavendamycin octyl ester, and 6-Chlorodemethyllavendamycin amide. Pictet Spengler condensation of 7-amino-6-chloro-2-formylquinoline-5,8-dione with tryptophan methyl ester, tryptophan ethyl ester, tryptophan butyl ester, tryptophan isoamyl ester, tryptophan octyl ester, and tryptophan amide in anisole afforded the compounds. 7-amino-6-chloro-2-formylquinoline-5,8-dione was prepared according to the following general procedures.The first step is the nitration of 8-Hydroxy-2-methylquinoline. 8-Hydroxy-2methylquinoline is reacted with 70% mixture of HNO3/H2SO4 to produce 5,7-dinitro-8hydroxy-2-methylquinoline. The next step requires hydrogenation and acylation. 5,7Dinitro-8-hydroxy-2-methylquinoline was reduced by H2/Pd-C in the presence of HCl and H20 filtered and then treated with sodium sulfite, sodium acetate and acetic anhydride to yield 5,7-diacetamido-8-acetoxy-2-methylquinoline. 5,7-Diacetamido-8-acetoxy-2methylquinoline was oxidized by potassium dichromate to produce 7-acetamido-2methylquinoline-5,8-dione. 7-Acetamido-2-methylquinoline-5,8-dione was chlorinated using hydrogen chloride gas in dry methanol producing 7-amino-6-chloro-2methylquinoline-5,8-dione. Treatment of 7-amino-6-chloro-2-methylquinoline-5,8-dione with selenium dioxide, under reflux in 1,4-dioxane produced 7-amino-6-chloro-2formylquinoline-5, 8-dione.All structures were confirmed by 'H NMR, IR, EIMS, and HRMS. / Department of Chemistry

Thesis (PhD)--University of South Australia, 2000

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Toledo, 2009. / Typescript. "Submitted as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Master of Science Degree in Medicinal Chemistry." "A thesis entitled"--at head of title. Bibliography: leaves 45-48.

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No description available.

A thesis submitted to the faculty of Science, University of the Witwatersrand, in fulfillment of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Science Johannesburg, 2012 / Platinum is nowadays one of the best and widely used antitumor agents in cancer chemotherapy. The numerous performances reported by many previous researchers for this metal in the fight against several malignancies led to the synthesis of many platinum complexes. However, the clinical responses related to these complexes led to the development of non-platinum compounds with metal ions which exhibit antitumor activity. Ferrocene is one of them, owing the high consideration inter alia to its environmental oxidore-ductive behavior. Methotrexate is another clinically used anticancer drug worthy to be mentioned. With a structure very close to that of folic acid, differing from it by an amine function and a methyl group, respectively, instead of an hydrogen and an hydroxyl group on the folate, methotrexate has been considered as an antagonist of folic acid by its mechanism of action in the biological environment. It has, together with platinum and non-platinum complexes, shown notorious side-effects by fighting both normal and abnormal cells despite their antineoplastic potency. This is the reason why a drug delivery system is considered as a tool to improve metal complexes and other drugs selectivity for cancer cells. The strategy of enhancing the potency of non-polymeric chemically, physically, or biologically active compounds through the expediency of binding such compounds to a polymeric carrier has revolutioned numerous technologies. In the present thesis is demonstrated the synthesis of several water-soluble macromolecular drug carriers intended for biomedical applications, and the anchoring of platinum to ferrocene-containing antineoplastic agents on one side, then to methotrexate-containing antineoplastic agents on the other side, resulting in a co-conjugate or a conjugate bearing two different drugs on a single carrier. This multidrug anchoring offers the advantage to exploit the potency of two different drugs on a single polymeric structure, each drug having its own pharmacokinetic path. Platinum is the common drug, while ferrocene and methotrexate are the various co-drugs. This order of having the platinum imparted to the polymeric carrier after the two drugs above mentioned were adopted in obedience to the strategy of having the most synthetically demanding drug incorporated in the carrier before the least one. Anchoring of the three drugs to polymeric structures was achieved in aqueous environment. Methotrexate (MTX) and ferrocene (Fc) binding were achieved via HBTU as coupling agent. In all cases, more or less, but very close to, 100% drug loading could be achieved under careful control of experimental conditions. The water-soluble polymeric carriers used are copolyaspartamides, prepared by an aminolytic ring-opening process of polysuccinimide, and copoly(amidoamines) obtained by Michael polyaddition of methylenebisacrylamide (MBA). These polymers were designed to bear amine, hydroxyl or carboxylic acid functional groups in their structure, either as part of the main chain or side chain. The functional groups herein mentioned are important for the coupling of the chemically modified drug species. Exploratory in-vitro biological studies are discussed, as the co-conjugation of the metallic antineoplastic drug, ferrocene and the antifolate methotrexate, each with the metallic drug platinum, is performed. The results of these preliminary tests show that polymer-drug conjugates and co-conjugates can play a role in future cancer therapy.

by Wong Yick Fu. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1990. / Bibliography: leaves 201-224. / Acknowledgments --- p.V / Summary --- p.vi / Publications --- p.ix / Statement of Originality --- p.X / List of Abbreviations --- p.xi / Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Preamble --- p.2 / Chapter 1.2 --- History of Trichosanthin --- p.6 / Chapter 1.3 --- Preparation of Trichosanthin --- p.8 / Chapter 1.4 --- Chemistry of Trichosanthin --- p.10 / Chapter 1.4.1 --- Primary structure --- p.10 / Chapter 1.4.2 --- Three dimensional structure --- p.12 / Chapter 1.5 --- Pharmacology of Trichosanthin --- p.14 / Chapter 1.5.1 --- Pharmacologic action --- p.14 / Chapter 1.5.2 --- Pharmacokinetics --- p.18 / Chapter 1.5.3 --- Toxicity --- p.21 / Chapter 1.6 --- Clinical Use of Trichosanthin --- p.24 / Chapter 1.6.1 --- Clinical application --- p.24 / Chapter 1.6.2 --- Mechanism of action --- p.29 / Chapter 1.6.3 --- Adverse reactions --- p.31 / Chapter 1.6.4 --- Contraindications --- p.33 / Chapter 1.7 --- Objectives of Project and Organization of Thesis --- p.35 / Chapter Chapter 2 --- Anti-tumour Activity of Trichosanthin In Vitro and In Vivo --- p.37 / Chapter 2.1 --- Cytotoxic Effects of Trichosanthin on Cultured Tumour Cells --- p.38 / Chapter 2.1.1 --- Introduction --- p.38 / Chapter 2.1.2 --- Materials and methods --- p.40 / Chapter 2.1.3 --- Results --- p.49 / Chapter 2.1.4 --- Discussion --- p.59 / Chapter 2.2 --- Effects of Trichosanthin on Co-cultured Cell Lines In Vitro --- p.64 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Introduction --- p.64 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Materials and methods --- p.65 / Chapter 2.2.3 --- Results --- p.66 / Chapter 2.2.4 --- Discussion --- p.77 / Chapter 2.3 --- Combination Effects of Trichosanthin with Adriamycin and Cisplatin on Cultured Tumour Cells --- p.80 / Chapter 2.3.1 --- Introduction --- p.80 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- Materials and methods --- p.81 / Chapter 2.3.3 --- Results --- p.84 / Chapter 2.3.4 --- Discussion --- p.93 / Chapter 2.4 --- Effects of Trichosanthin on Choriocarcinoma Cells In Vivo --- p.96 / Chapter 2.4.1 --- Introduction --- p.96 / Chapter 2.4.2 --- Materials and methods --- p.97 / Chapter 2.4.3 --- Results --- p.101 / Chapter 2.4.4 --- Discussion --- p.107 / Chapter 2.5 --- Effects of Trichosanthin Protein and Polysaccharide on Choriocarcinoma Cells In Vitro --- p.110 / Chapter 2.5.1 --- Introduction --- p.110 / Chapter 2.5.2 --- Materials and methods --- p.112 / Chapter 2.5.3 --- Results --- p.114 / Chapter 2.5.4 --- Discussion --- p.117 / Chapter Chapter 3 --- Mechanism of Action of Trichosanthin on Tumour Cells --- p.119 / Chapter 3.1 --- Morphological Study of Effects of Trichosanthin on Cultured Choriocarcinoma Cells --- p.120 / Chapter 3.1.1 --- Introduction --- p.120 / Chapter 3.1.2 --- Materials and methods --- p.121 / Chapter 3.1.3 --- Results --- p.124 / Chapter 3.1.4 --- Discussion --- p.133 / Chapter 3.2 --- Binding of Radiolabelled Trichosanthin with Tumour Cells In Vitro --- p.137 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Introduction --- p.137 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- Materials and methods --- p.138 / Chapter 3.2.3 --- Results --- p.146 / Chapter 3.2.4 --- Discussion --- p.154 / Chapter 3.3 --- Effects of Trichosanthin on Macromolecule Synthesis of Choriocarcinoma Cells In vitro --- p.159 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- Introduction --- p.159 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- Materials and methods --- p.160 / Chapter 3.3.3 --- Results --- p.163 / Chapter 3.3.4 --- Discussion --- p.167 / Chapter Chapter 4 --- General Discussion --- p.169 / Chapter 4.1 --- Anti-tumour Activity of Trichosanthin --- p.170 / Chapter 4.2 --- Mechanism of Action of Trichosanthin --- p.180 / Chapter 4.3 --- Prospects of Research on Trichosanthin --- p.195 / References --- p.201 / Appendix 1 --- p.225 / Appendix 2 --- p.242

by Kenneth Kwing-chin Lee. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1991. / Includes bibliographical references. / ACKNOWLEDGEMENT / ABSTRACT / Chapter CHAPTER I : --- INTRODUCTION AND SOME DISPOSITION PRINCIPLES --- p.1-16 / Chapter CHAPTER II: --- DETERMINATION OF EPIRUBICIN IN BIOLOGICAL FLUIDS --- p.17-26 / Chapter CHAPTER III : --- DISPOSITION OF EPIRUBICIN IN PATIENTS WITH HEPATIC CARCINOMA --- p.27-44 / Chapter CHAPTER IV : --- DESIGN OF THE EMULSION FOR INJECTION --- p.45-85 / Chapter CHAPTER V : --- STUDIES ON THE ACUTE TOXICITY OF THE FORMULATED EMULSION --- p.86-113 / Chapter CHAPTER VI : --- PHARMACOKINETIC STUDIES OF THE FORMULATED EMULSION IN RABBITS --- p.114-123 / REFERENCES --- p.124-130 / APPENDICES

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hong Kong, 2007. / Title proper from title frame. Also available in printed format.