The primary objective of the current study involved examining the influence of psychopathy on aggression and antisocial behavior. Reports of parental attachment, peer relationships, and exposure to community violence were examined as potential moderators of these relationships. Parental attachment styles and peer delinquency were also assessed with respect to the outcomes. A total of 172 students at a Midwestern college participated. Parental attachment, peer attachment, and exposure to community violence were not significant moderators between psychopathy and the outcome variables. Peer delinquency and exposure to community violence were both predictors of aggression; however, only peer delinquency was a predictor of antisocial behavior. Moreover, there was a significant group difference between those with secure attachment and the other attachment styles with respect to scores for aggression. These findings have implications for prevention and intervention strategies for the community. However, potential problems with data collection and experimental design are discussed. Additional research needs to be performed to determine directional and causal mechanisms of the relationships found in this study.

There is strong research support for the effectiveness and feasibility of family-centered, evidence-based programs (EBPs) to prevent the developmental and negative effects of youth problem behaviors. Despite this support, there is a relatively low rate of disseminating existing EBPs to diverse nations and cultures, and there is even less research being conducted to evaluate the existing efforts towards dissemination and uptake. Youth problem behavior prevention is a burgeoning area of psychological study in Spain, yet Spanish psychologists do not currently utilize evidence-based prevention approaches. This study aimed to fill gaps in the research related to understanding best practices in disseminating and evaluating the dissemination of EBPs to international settings and to evaluating the uptake of a family-centered EBPs for use in Spain to prevent problem behavior in adolescence and adulthood. The current study utilized a pretest/posttest with a follow-up, randomized control design to conduct a pilot feasibility and effectiveness trial of a family-centered EBP proven to effectively prevent problem behavior during adolescence. Seventeen pre-adolescents (ages 9-12) and their parents from the Seville metropolitan area in Spain were randomly assigned to receive the Family Check-Up intervention (FCU) or waitlist-control condition. This study used a multimodal, multi-agent approach to (1) examine intervention feasibility and uptake, (2) measure trends in youth adjustment and family management practices in the study sample, (3) examine differences in youth behavior and internalizing problems, and positive parenting, limit setting, and monitoring based on intervention group assignment, and (4) measure motivation to change based on random assignment to the intervention condition. Results from mixed effects repeated analysis of variance analyses indicated that the intervention group made significant improvements in conduct and internalizing problems and in parental limit setting, positive parenting, and family problem solving. These quantitative findings coupled with confirmatory qualitative themes suggest that the intervention was both effective in reducing youth adjustment problems and enhancing parenting skills and feasible when applied within the Spanish cultural context. Implications of culturally sensitive, community-based methods of intervention dissemination are discussed.

Antisocial behaviors (AB), which place an enormous burden on society, are committed by a heterogeneous population, including psychopaths (Poythress et al., 2010). Psychopathy denotes a more serious and entrenched pattern of AB (Hare, 1996) and appears to be a heterogeneous construct as well. In fact, Primary and Secondary psychopathic variants are consistently identified in a variety of samples using person-centered analysis (Drislane et al., 2014; Gill & Stickle, 2016). Both Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory (Gray & McNaughton, 2000) and the Triarchic Model of Psychopathy (Patrick, Fowles, & Krueger, 2009) provide useful frameworks to understand the etiology of the psychopathic variants. The current study identified Primary and Secondary Trait groups in a sample of criminally justice involved adults (N = 377), which differed on measures of negative emotionality. However, the Psychopathic trait groups did not differ on the boldness or meanness domains of the Triarchic Model (Patrick, Fowles & Kreuger). The disinhibition domain of the Triarchic model was significantly associated with aggression, and this association was partially mediated by levels of anxiety. Anxiety is an important dimension to assess in research, evaluation, and treatment of individuals with high levels of antisocial behavior. Keywords: Psychopathy, variants, Triarchic, measurement, antisocial behavior

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Research has shown that antisocial behaviour already develops in early infancy. Insufficiency in attachment has proven to be a prominent factor in those cases a child develops antisocial behaviour. Therefore the purpose of the study is to research how antisocial behaviour in children expresses itself and how professionals approach the complex of problems. The result of this study has shown that work to establish safe relations and trust are accentuated to be one of the most significant components in the treatment of these children and therefore it is essential to as soon as possible detect the complex of problems to be able to prevent that such a development of the behaviour occur. To, in time, take action by adequate interventions has shown to be effective when preventing the problem to accumulate. Also as a professional constantly be observant of which methods and interventions that works and presents good effects, and furthermore to promote an evolvement and betterment of said methods. The conclusion of the study shows that prevention doesn’t have to be a concept connected to the age of a person, but rather a concept connected to the age of a problem. A preventive intervention can therefore happen in the early age of an upcoming problem. To be able to treat and handle antisocial behaviour the study has shown that the most fundamental factor is safe and trustworthy relations and individually adapted interventions. The authors have chosen to use a qualitative interview study with an inductive reasoning. Thereafter a qualitative content analysis has been carried out. This method resulted in the empirics being well anchored in reality. Keywords: Antisocial behavior in children, attachment, prevention, individual interventions

The construct of psychopathy holds promise as a discriminating variable in the classification and explanation of childhood antisocial behavior. The new generation of psychopathy measures, designed to measure this construct in adolescent populations, must meet acceptable standards of reliability and validity prior to the clinical application of the construct with adolescent offenders. The purpose of this study is to examine the construct and predictive validity of adolescent psychopathy as measured by the PCL:YV, PSD, SALE, and SRP-II. Data from two samples of detained adolescent offenders (short-term and long-term detention) are utilized to investigate construct validity via MTMM. In addition, external validity indices including institutional violations (fighting, seclusions, and treatment refusals) and community supervision (probation contacts, drug testing, and re-arrests) are operationalized and measured in order to examine the predictive validity of adolescent psychopathy. Results of construct validity offer modest support for the two-factor model of psychopathy. For external validity, Factor 2 accounted for greater variance in the prediction of institutional infractions and subsequent placements in a secure facility; however, its overall predictive validity was low. The results suggest that the current measures assess psychopathic traits and behaviors which may be stable in adults but are likely to be normative and transient in many adolescents.

The purpose of this study was to examine the heritability, stability, and outcomes of antisocial behavior from adolescence into adulthood in a longitudinal twin sample. Specifically, the genetic and environmental influences on conduct disorder, adult antisocial behavior, and alcohol dependence were examined. The influence of genes and environment on the relationship between these disorders was also examined. The study utilized a subset of FinnTwin12, a population-based twin study that consists of five consecutive birth cohorts. The subsample consisted of 1035 twin pairs (N = 2070) and of that 2070, 1854 completed the intensive interview at age 14. At age 22, 1345 twins completed the interview. Participants in the study completed age-appropriate variations of the Semi-Structured Assessment for the Genetics of Alcoholism (SSAGA). Analyses were run separately by gender. Results provide support for the significant influence of genetic factors on the development and persistence of antisocial behavior. For both males and females, model fitting indicated that genetic influences are the most influential contributor to the association between conduct disorder and adult antisocial behavior and its stability across time. Additionally, there were no age specific genetic effects suggesting that the genes influencing conduct disorder are the same as those influencing adult antisocial behavior. Results for the relationship between conduct disorder and alcohol dependence differed by gender. For females, insufficient power made it difficult for the model to discriminate between the effects of genetics and shared environment, but the full model suggested that shared environmental influences explained the greatest proportion of variance in the relationship. For males, genetic influences were primarily responsible for the relationship between conduct disorder and alcohol dependence. Similar results were found for males when the relationship between alcohol dependence and adult antisocial behavior was explored. For females, genetic and nonshared environmental influences were the primary source of covariation between these two disorders. The data suggest that the etiology of conduct disorder, adult antisocial behavior, and alcohol dependence vary by gender.