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Zhang, Chuqi. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2010. / Includes bibliographical references (p. [141-151]). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Chapter Chapter I --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1. --- The Question --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1.1. --- Definition of Jurisdiction --- p.1 / Definition of Jurisdiction --- p.1 / Limits on Jurisdiction in International Law --- p.3 / Chapter 1.1.2. --- The Problem of Extraterritorial Jurisdiction --- p.3 / Basis for Jurisdiction in International Law --- p.3 / Extraterritorial Jurisdiction Problem --- p.4 / Chapter 1.1.3 --- Extraterritorial Jurisdiction based on Effect Principle --- p.5 / The Alcoa Case --- p.5 / After Alcoa Case --- p.6 / Key Question of This study --- p.7 / Chapter 1.2. --- Literature Review --- p.8 / Chapter 1.2.1. --- The Perspective of Jurisdictional Doctrine in International Law --- p.8 / Sovereignty Concern --- p.8 / Concurrent Jurisdiction & Conflicting Jurisdiction --- p.9 / In the Context of Globalization --- p.10 / Chapter 1.2.2. --- Evaluating Effect Principle and Its Development --- p.12 / "Development of Effect Principle´ؤ´ؤ""Direct, Substantial, and Reasonably Foreseeable Effect""" --- p.12 / Restriction on Effect Principle´ؤInternational Comity --- p.14 / Restriction on Effect principle´ؤ´ؤReasonableness --- p.16 / Chapter 1.2.3. --- From the Perspective of International Competition Law --- p.18 / International Competition Law --- p.18 / Appraisal of Extraterritorial Jurisdiction in International Competition Law --- p.19 / Chapter 1.3. --- Structure of the Thesis --- p.20 / Chapter 1.3.1 --- Inadequacies of the Research on Extraterritorial Jurisdiction in Competition Law --- p.20 / Chapter 1.3.1. --- Approach of This Study --- p.21 / Chapter 1.3.2. --- Structure of the Study --- p.21 / Chapter Chapter II. --- Theoretical Framework --- p.23 / Chapter 2.1 --- Strict Territoriality --- p.24 / Chapter 2.1.1. --- Theoretical Foundation --- p.24 / Definition of State --- p.24 / Territoriality of Sovereignty --- p.25 / Chapter 2.1.2. --- Jurisdiction Rules in Strict Territoriality Theory --- p.26 / Exclusive Territory Principle --- p.26 / National Principle´ؤthe Only Exception --- p.28 / Effect Principle in Strict Territoriality Theory --- p.29 / Chapter 2.1.3. --- Reflections on Strict Territoriality --- p.31 / Appraisal of Strict Territoriality Theory --- p.31 / Challenge of Globalization to Strict Territoriality Theory --- p.32 / The Appraisal under International Law´ؤS.S. Lotus case --- p.33 / Chapter 2.2. --- Close connection theory --- p.34 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Theoretical Foundation --- p.34 / Concept of State --- p.34 / Sovereignty and Allocation of Power --- p.35 / International Comity --- p.36 / Chapter 2.2.2. --- Jurisdictional Rules --- p.37 / Contact/connection/link --- p.37 / The Requirement of Reasonableness --- p.38 / Chapter 2.2.3. --- Appraisal of Close connection theory --- p.40 / Approval for Close connection theory --- p.40 / Criticisms on Close connection theory --- p.40 / Chapter Chapter III. --- Effect Principle in Practice --- p.42 / Chapter 3.1. --- Anticompetitive Effect in Competition Law --- p.43 / Chapter 3.1.1. --- Brief Introduction of Competition Law --- p.43 / Chapter 3.1.2. --- Anticompetitive Effect --- p.46 / Anticompetitive Activities --- p.46 / Anticompetitive effect --- p.46 / Chapter 3.2. --- National Connection in Competition Law --- p.47 / Chapter 3.2.1. --- Transnational Corporation and Its Nationality --- p.48 / Nationality of Corporations --- p.48 / Transnational Actors --- p.49 / Chapter 3.2.2. --- Home State Lacks Incentives to Regulate Transnational Anticompetitive Activities --- p.52 / State's Incentive to Regulate --- p.52 / Example: Export Cartel Exemption in the United States --- p.54 / Chapter 3.3. --- Territorial Connection in Extraterritorial Cases in Competition Law --- p.56 / Chapter 3.3.1. --- Establish A Territorial Connection Through Subsidiary --- p.56 / Parent & Subsidiary --- p.56 / Dyestuff Case --- p.59 / Chapter 3.3.2. --- Implementation Principle in the European Union --- p.59 / Woodpulp case --- p.59 / Relationship between Implementation Principle & Effect principle --- p.61 / Chapter 3.4. --- Development of Effect Principle --- p.61 / Chapter 3.4.1. --- Effect on Domestic Commerce --- p.63 / Foreign Trade Antitrust Improvements Act --- p.63 / Chapter 3.4.2. --- Effect on Export --- p.64 / Footnote 159 --- p.64 / Effect on Export --- p.65 / Chapter 3.4.3. --- "Direct, Substantial & Reasonably Foreseeable Effect" --- p.67 / "The Application of The Direct, Substantial and Reasonably Foreseeable Effect" --- p.67 / Direct Effect --- p.68 / Substantial Effect --- p.70 / Reasonably Foreseeable Effect --- p.70 / Chapter 3.5. --- Conclusion --- p.71 / Chapter Chapter IV. --- Aftermaths of Extraterritorial jurisdiction --- p.73 / Chapter 4.1 --- Inefficient Enforcement --- p.73 / Chapter 4.1.1 --- Extraterritorial Enforcement Practice --- p.73 / The Grey Area --- p.75 / Chapter 4.1.2 --- Conflicts caused by Extraterritorial Jurisdiction: Uranium Litigation --- p.76 / Chapter 4.1.3 --- Response to Extraterritorial Jurisdiction: Blocking Statutes --- p.77 / Discovery-blocking statutes --- p.77 / Judgment blocking statutes --- p.79 / Clawback provision --- p.79 / Chapter 4.1.4 --- Application of Blocking Statutes: Laker Airway Litigation --- p.80 / Chapter 4.2 --- Concurrent jurisdiction --- p.81 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- Introduction --- p.81 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- Multinational Merger Control --- p.83 / The Characteristics of Merger Control --- p.83 / Example I: Boeing case --- p.84 / Example II: GE/Honeywell Merger case --- p.85 / Chapter 4.2.3 --- Problems with Concurrent Jurisdiction --- p.85 / Transaction Cost --- p.85 / Conflict and Bias --- p.87 / Chapter 4.3 --- Global welfare --- p.87 / Chapter 4.3.1 --- Different Competition Laws in Different States --- p.87 / Reexamining GE/Honeywell case --- p.87 / Are differences between substantive competition laws avoidable? --- p.88 / Chapter 4.3.2 --- Discrepancy between National Optimum and Global Optimum --- p.89 / Strict law wins --- p.39 / Definition of Efficiency in Economics --- p.90 / Chapter 4.4 --- Conclusion --- p.91 / Chapter Chapter V. --- Transnational Regulatory Modes --- p.93 / Chapter 5.1.1. --- Auxiliary mode based on Comity: EU-US Cooperation --- p.96 / US' Experience in Bilateral Cooperation --- p.96 / Positive Comity --- p.97 / Development of Positive Comity --- p.98 / Chapter 5.1.2. --- Auxiliary mode Based on Harmonization: Cooperation between Australia and New Zealand --- p.100 / Harmonization in Substantive Rules --- p.100 / Bilateral Jurisdiction --- p.101 / Chapter 5.1.3. --- The Role played by International Organizations --- p.102 / Characteristics of OECD --- p.102 / Promoting Convergence of Substantive Rules --- p.102 / Promoting Cooperation Between States --- p.103 / Chapter 5.1.4. --- Appraisal and Limits --- p.104 / Chapter 5.2 --- Supplementary mode --- p.105 / Chapter 5.2.1. --- Relationship between Trade Law and Competition Law --- p.106 / Compatibility --- p.106 / Differences --- p.107 / Chapter 5.2.2. --- "WTO,s role in promoting the adoption of Competition law" --- p.108 / Characteristics of Competition Rules in WTO --- p.109 / Promote the Adoption of Competition Law --- p.109 / Chapter 5.2.3. --- WTO's Role in Mitigating Distorting Effect Resulting from State Interest --- p.110 / Obliging States to Implement Competition Law in A Just Way --- p.110 / Remedy for Improper Implementation of Competition Law --- p.111 / Chapter 5.2.4. --- WTO's role in Regulating States' Behavior That May Have An Anticompetitive Effect --- p.111 / Safeguard Agreement --- p.112 / The Kodak-Fuji Film case --- p.112 / Chapter 5.3 --- Alternative mode --- p.113 / Chapter 5.3.1. --- Two Aspects of Common Market --- p.115 / The Internal Aspect of Common Market --- p.115 / The External Aspect of Common Market --- p.116 / Chapter 5.3.2. --- Harmonization in Substantive Competition Law --- p.116 / The Status of the Agreement --- p.116 / Competition law of Member States --- p.117 / Chapter 5.3.3. --- Supranational Institution --- p.117 / The Function of a Supranational Institution --- p.117 / The Jurisdiction of Supranational Institution --- p.118 / Chapter 5.3.4. --- Alternative mode at the Global Level --- p.119 / Past Efforts to Create an Alternative mode --- p.119 / Criticism on international competition law --- p.120 / Chapter Chapter VI. --- Conclusion --- p.122 / Chapter 6.1. --- Legitimacy of Extraterritorial Jurisdiction in Competition Law --- p.122 / Chapter 6.1.1. --- A Refined Doctrine of Jurisdiction --- p.122 / Demise of Territoriality --- p.122 / The Close Connection Theory --- p.123 / Chapter 6.1.2. --- Extraterritorial Jurisdiction on Competition Law --- p.125 / Effect as a Close Connection --- p.125 / Reasonableness of Effect Principle --- p.127 / Territoriality and Democracy Concern --- p.128 / Chapter 6.2. --- Sufficiency of Extraterritorial Jurisdiction in Competition Law --- p.130 / Chapter 6.2.1. --- Inadequacies of Extraterritorial Jurisdiction in Competition Law --- p.130 / State as a Regulator in Globalization --- p.132 / Inadequacies of Extraterritorial Jurisdiction in Competition Law --- p.133 / Chapter 6.2.2. --- Three Regulatory Modes in International Competition Law --- p.134 / Types of Transnational Regulatory Modes --- p.134 / Implication of the Three Modes --- p.136 / Conclusion --- p.138 / Bibliography --- p.141

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