The topic of this thesis are adjectival antonyms in child-directed fiction. The primary aim of the thesis is to compare the usage of antonyms in adult fiction and child-directed fiction on the basis of a contextual co-occurrence of antonyms. The two areas of focus are the discourse functions of antonymy and the canonicity of antonyms. The thesis presents an analysis of antonyms identified in the context of 51 most frequent adjectives in a corpus of fiction written for children. The thesis is structured into three major parts. The first part provides a theoretical framework which summarizes the research of the discourse functions of antonymy and reviews the methods of measuring antonym canonicity. The second, methodological part, explains the methodology and describes the data used for the purposes of this study. The selection of data relies mostly on manual classification of the concordance lines. The third, analytical part, analyses and classifies the antonyms found in the corpus of child-directed fiction and compares them with selective samples extracted from adult fiction. A comparison of the most frequent adjectives in both corpora is also provided. Keywords: antonymy, discourse functions, antonym canonicity, ancillary antonymy, coordinated antonymy

The thesis deals with the relation of semantic opposition in the discourse of advertising. The aim of the thesis is to identify the techniques of advertising language based on the use of antonymy and describe their manipulative strategies. The thesis consists of two parts. The first is theoretical. It introduces the topics of advertising language and antonymy. It presents the views on definition of advertising, describes the influence of media on the language of advertising and summarizes the ba- sic advertising principles. Further, it defines antonymy and presents basic classification systems of opposites. Second part starts with the description of the research methodology and the database of advertisements created for the sake of the thesis. The following chapter analyses dis- tribution of classes of antonymy and describes individual advertising techniques and their manipulative force.

Cette thèse vise à rendre compte conjointement des jugements de valeurs de vérité non-bivalents, c'est-à-dire des jugements ne correspondant ni à « Vrai » ni à « Faux », déclenchés par des phrases présuppositionnelles (telles que 1 en contexte où Oscar n'est pas français), vagues (telles que 2 en contexte où Oscar est de taille moyenne) ou encore hybrides (telles que 3 en contexte où l'interlocuteur est de taille moyenne).1. Oscar a réalisé que tu es français.2. Oscar est vieux.3. Oscar a réalisé que tu es vieux.Sur la base de systèmes logiques définissant trois valeurs de vérité (vrai, faux et autre) proposés dans la littérature sur le vague tout comme dans la littérature sur la présupposition, j'élabore dans un premier temps un système à cinq valeurs de vérité ordonnées, qui définit ainsi trois paliers intermédiaires entre le vrai et le faux.Suite à l'obtention de résultats expérimentaux incompatibles avec les prédictions de ce système, je propose dans un deuxième temps un système à quatre valeurs de vérité non ordonnées, compatible avec les résultats et qui place cette fois le vague et la présupposition sur des dimensions distinctes. Une expérience menée avec Paul Égré établit par ailleurs que les locuteurs rejettent systématiquement des descriptions contradictoires comme « vieux et jeune », mais qu'ils peuvent accepter des descriptions contradictoires comme "ni vieux ni jeune", "ni veux ni pas vieux" et "vieux et pas vieux". Ces résultats confortent l'idée qu'une phrase vague comme 1 peut être jugée "Ni vraie ni fausse" mais aussi "Vraie et fausse", et nous permettent de discriminer entre deux approches concurrentes de l'antonymie adjectivale. / The aim of my thesis is to give a uniform account of non-bivalent truth-value judgments induced by presuppositional expressions and by vague expression (namely judgments other than "True" or "False"). For example, a presuppositional sentence like 1 below is typically judged neither true nor false in a context where Oscar is not French, and a vague sentence like 2 is also reported as neither true or nor false in a context where Oscar is of an average height. The same holds of a hybrid sentence like 3, combining a vague adjective and a presuppositional expression, in a context where the interlocutor is of an average height:1. Oscar has realized that you are French.2. Oscar is old.3. Oscar has realized that you are old. Abstract:Drawing on systems defining three logical values (true, false and other) and discussed both in the literature on vagueness and in the literature on presupposition, I propose a system with five totally ordered values, thereby defining three intermediate levels between true and false.After collecting experimental data conflicting with the predictions of this system, I propose a system with four values which is compatible with the experimental results and where the four values are partially ordered along a dimension specific to vagueness and along a dimension specific to presupposition.To get further insights about truth-value judgments specific to vagueness, I conducted another set of experiments (in collaboration with Paul Égré), showing that speakers systematically reject contradictory descriptions of the form "old and young" but that they can accept contradictory descriptions of the form "neither old nor young", "neither old nor not old" and "old and not old". These results echo the idea that vague sentences like 1 can be judged "Neither true nor false" but also "True and false", and allow us to discriminate between two competing theories of adjectival antonyms.

The phenomenon of enantiosemy in contemporary French The diploma thesis deals with enantiosemy in contemporary French. It is a linguistic phenomenon, which by its nature falls into the field of lexical semantics, but it receives much less, if any, attention. Despite the fact that the term « enantiosemy » was introduced in scientific circles more than a hundred years ago, its terminological definition has no fixed contours. The aim of the work is to define the term enantiosemy in a broader linguistic environment, to compare its grasp and to present the main lines of its characteristics. At the same time, we will notice the presence-absence of the analyzed phenomenon in the relevant study material of the French language. Also in this work will be shown different types of opposites of enantiosemic words. The selected enantiosemic words will be subjected to diachronic analysis. In addition, the phenomenon of interlingual enantiosemy will be investigated using the example of French and English. Key words : enantiosemy, opposites, homonymy, antonymy, semantics, polysemy, interlingual enantiosemy