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Background and objectives. Spurred by the longstanding interest in the intimate relationship between anxiety and depression, different conceptual models of negative affectivity have been proposed to account for their common and unique features. The two-factor model (Tellegen, 1985; Watson, Clark & Tellegen, 1988) proposes that Negative Affect (NA) represents a nonspecific factor common to both depression and anxiety, whereas low Positive Affect (PA) is a specific factor to depressed mood. The tripartite model (Clark & Watson, 1991b) divides symptoms into three groups: Negative Affect (general distress) symptoms that are largely non-specific; low Positive Affect (anhedonia) symptoms that are specific to depression; and Physiological Hyperarousal (PH) symptoms that are unique to anxiety. The structural model of negative affectivity (Zinbarg et al., 1994; Zinbarg & Barlow, 1996; Brown et al., 1998) postulates NA and PA as higher order factors under which PH, DSM-IV anxiety and depression are subsumed as lower order factors in a hierarchical arrangement. For the cognitive approach, Beck's cognitive content-specificity hypothesis (Beck, 1976) emphasizes the important role of specific cognitions in differentiating anxiety and depression. The objectives of the present study were: (1) To examine the relationship between anxiety and depression in an adolescent sample of Hong Kong; (2) To examine the phenotypic structure of anxiety and depression in the Hong Kong adolescent sample; and (3) To assess the validity and applicability of the western negative affectivity models and cognitive model for differentiating anxiety and depression in the Hong Kong adolescent sample. / Conclusions. Overall, the present study provides good support for the affective models of negative affectivity and the cognitive model developed in the west which constitutes a good basis for elucidating the relationship between anxiety and depression in the Chinese adolescents of Hong Kong. Although cross-cultural differences in anxiety and depressive symptoms are not directly addressed in this study, the results tend to suggest that Chinese adolescents do not uniformly over or under-report depressive or anxiety symptoms as compare to their Western reference groups. The results generally support the view that there is a large degree of universality or commonality of emotional constructs and affect structures between adolescents in the East and West. (Abstract shortened by UMI.) / Results. Good construct and concurrent validity were established for all the scales applied. Both the two-factor model and the tripartite model showed good fit to our data which also supported the various predictions by the models. Moreover, the results provided good evidence for the hierarchical model in which NA and PA were interpreted as higher orders, whereas Physiological Hyperarousal (PH), DSM-IV anxiety disorders, and depression were specific lower order factors. Consistent with the content-specificity hypothesis, anxious and depressive cognitions were found to specifically predict anxiety and depressive symptoms respectively. / Kwok, Wai Yee Alice. / "April 2007." / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 69-01, Section: B, page: 0221. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2007. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 155-179). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. [Ann Arbor, MI] : ProQuest Information and Learning, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / School code: 1307.

The proposed study examined the role of anxiety and risk-taking in driving performance in adolescents. In addition to examining the sample as a whole, gender differences were assessed given earlier reports from our laboratory and others indicating that males and females differ with respect to risky behaviors to driving performance and anxiety. Adolescents' subjective and physiological responses to a driving simulator task were assessed. Anxiety was measured via self report and salivary cortisol. Participants provided a baseline saliva sample and 3 post-task samples for cortisol analysis. Subjective anxiety scores were obtained at both baseline and following the driving stressor. Information concerning impulsivity, as well as other psychological constructs was also collected at baseline. Unlike the pilot study, there were no relationships (with or without respect to gender) between salivary cortisol and both self-reported anxiety (state and trait) or impulsively measures for this sample. These results suggest that this group of adolescents may not have been anxious about the driving task. This discrepancy may stem from error introduced by the smaller sample size obtained from the initial findings or to other factors remaining outside the parameters of the current study. The task did, however, induce a slight hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis response indicating some physiological arousal. Males had significantly higher cortisol levels at baseline than females and at time point 3 while approaching significance at time points 2 and 4. Females possessed significantly higher trait anxiety than males and all post task cortisol levels were positively correlated to age while time points 2 and 4 (with time point 3 approaching significance, p=0.09) were inversely correlated with Self Depreciation scores. Additionally, females had Persecutory Ideas scores that were also negatively correlated with cortisol at time points 3 and 4. For both the entire sample and males only, the correlation between post-task cortisol and driving performance was positive and approached significance (p=0.07 and p=0.08, respectively), suggesting that some HPA activation may be facilitative for successful driving task performance. Correlations between driving performance and psychological constructs were explored and discussed with and without respect to gender.

by Cola S.L. Lo. / Includes questionarires in Chinese. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1994. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 62-79). / ABSTRACT --- p.ii / ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS --- p.iv / TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.v / LIST OF TABLES --- p.vi / LIST OF APPENDICES --- p.vii / Chapter CHAPTER I - --- LITERATURE REVIEW AND RATIONALE / The relation between self-report anxiety and depression --- p.1 / Mood Dimensions: Negative and Positive Affectivity Model --- p.5 / Personality Dimensions: Neuroticism and Extraversion --- p.11 / Structural convergence of Affective and Personality Dimensions --- p.13 / Rationale and hypotheses of the present study --- p.16 / Chapter CHAPTER II - --- METHOD / Subjects --- p.19 / Instruments --- p.19 / Procedure --- p.25 / Chapter CHAPTER III - --- RESULTS / Instrument reliabilities --- p.26 / "Mean and standard deviation of the symptoms, emotionality and personality measures" --- p.28 / "Correlations of the symptoms, emotionality and personality measures" --- p.30 / Canonical Correlation Analyses --- p.35 / Hierarchical Regression Analyses --- p.41 / Chapter CHAPTER IV - --- DISCUSSION --- p.51 / REFERENCES --- p.62 / APPENDICES --- p.80

There is no abstract available for this dissertation. / Department of Educational Psychology

Mode of access: World Wide Web. / Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 193-208). / Electronic reproduction. / Also available by subscription via World Wide Web / xiii, 208 leaves, bound ill. 29 cm

Thesis (Ed. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 1997. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 76-80). Also available on the Internet.

Title from PDF of title page (University of Missouri--Columbia, viewed on Feb 26, 2010). The entire thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file; a non-technical public abstract appears in the public.pdf file. Dissertation advisor: Dr. Debora Bell. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M. Ed.)--University of Hong Kong, 1981. / Includes bibliographical references (leaf 168-180).

Thesis (M.Ed.)--University of Hong Kong, 1981. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 168-180). Also available in print.