Physical indoor wireless network testbeds as well as outdoor wireless testbeds have the potential to accelerate the pace of research in the field of wireless ad hoc and mesh networking. They form part of a critical chain of steps needed to develop and test ad hoc networking protocols from concept to eventual uptake by industry. Current research in this area makes use of simulations or mathematical models which oversimplify the physical and Medium Access Control layer. In Africa specifically, wireless mesh networking has the potential to make a substantial impact on the lack of telecommunications infrastructure across the continent. A combination of good theoretical analysis, indoor test facilities and rural testbeds forms a perfect suite to carry out meaningful research in the field. A 7x7 wireless grid of closely spaced computers was constructed, making use of highly attenuated 802.11 radios running in ad hoc mode. Modelling and analysis revealed that a suitably attenuated environment was created with variation in signal strength between node pairs following a Gaussian distribution. This emulates a real outdoor network with normal signal propagation issues such as multi-path fading and lack of Fresnel zone clearance. This testbed was then used to evaluate 3 popular MANET ad hoc routing protocols, namely AODV, DYMO and OLSR. OLSR was tested with the standard hysteresis routing metric as well as the ETX routing metric. OLSR showed the best performance in terms of average throughput and packet loss for a medium size (21 node) and large (49 node) mesh network, with the hysteresis routing metric performing best in large networks and ETX performing best in medium sized networks. DYMO also performed very well, considering its low routing overhead, exhibiting the least amount of delay in a large mesh network (49 nodes). The AODV protocol showed the weakest performance in the grid with close to 60% of possible link pairs achieving no route in a 49-node grid. However, it did present the least amount of routing overhead compared with other routing protocols. Finally, a medium-sized rural mesh network testbed consisting of 9 nodes was built in a mountainous area of about 15 square kilometers around an AIDS clinic using the OLSR routing protocol with ETX as the routing metric. The network provided a good service to the satellite-based Internet with throughput rates ranging between 300 kbps for 4 hops and 11000 kbps for 1 hop and an average throughput rate of 2324 kbps. To encourage fair sharing of Internet connectivity, features were installed to limit each user to 40 MB/month of free Internet traffic. A local web server offers cached pages of Wikipedia and Linux repositories to reduce the need for Internet access. VoIP services were also installed between clinic infrastructure to reduce the the need for making expensive GSM calls. It was shown that a mesh network of this size provides a very satisfactory level of broadband service for users accessing a satellite-based Internet facility as well as local VoIP services. / Dissertation (MEng)--University of Pretoria, 2009. / Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering / unrestricted

El uso de las redes inalámbricas tiene un impacto creciente en la industria moderna (sistemas de automoción y fabricación industrial, sistemas distribuidos de supervisión y control...). Especialmente las redes inalámbricas han penetrado de forma rápida en las redes de control que dan soporte a servicios públicos estratégicos (suministro de gas y electricidad, suministro y saneamiento de aguas). Estas redes están formadas por distintas estaciones remotas, una estación central donde se procesa, almacena y controla la información de la instalación y varios clientes remotos que también supervisan y controlan la instalación remotamente. Para comunicar las estaciones remotas con la estación central se utilizan infraestructuras de comunicaciones heterogéneas según las posibilidades y ubicación: xDSL, HFC, WiMAX, GPRS, UMTS, HSDP. Para que el sistema sea eficiente y útil, especialmente en momentos de emergencia, los usuarios ubicados en las estaciones remotas necesitan intercambiar información entre sí o con la estación central. En estos casos, en las estaciones remotas, los propios usuarios que están supervisando el funcionamiento de la instalación haciendo uso de sus dispositivos inalámbricos pueden crear de forma espontánea una red ad hoc móvil útil para el intercambio de información en el caso de que origen y destino no se alcancen directamente. El objetivo global de la tesis es analizar el comportamiento de las MANET en entornos de tipo industrial, tomando como ejemplo una red para el control y supervisión de la red de saneamiento de una gran ciudad, y estudiar cómo afecta a su funcionamiento y a los servicios ofrecidos el movimiento de los nodos. Aunque son muchos los avances realizados en el estudio de las redes ad hoc en los últimos años, aún quedan muchos aspectos que necesitan ser estudiados y mejorados. Pocos han sido los trabajos que evalúen las redes ad hoc con modelos formales. / Albero Albero, T. (2010). Estudio y análisis del comportamiento de redes ad hoc móviles para supervisión de procesos en entornos industriales [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/10081 / Palancia

This diploma thesis is analysis of routing protocols used in MANET networks focusing on protocols OLSR, AODV and HWMP. The work consists of a theoretical and practical part. The theoretical part describes the routing protokols, which are used in MANET networks and their applications to FANET networks. In practical part, there are describes of created mobility model in the NS-3, which are used for comparison routing protocols on the created scenarios of mobility according to the qualitative parameters of the networks.

This master's thesis (further only MT) deal with problems of scale-free topology networks with a view to technology MANET (Mobile Ad hoc network) or more precisely Motorola MESH. Further studies routing technique and quality of services (QoS) in these networks. Theoretic part of MT in introduction shortly characterizes properties and kind of Ad hoc networks, next part is dedicated to technology Motorola MESH and shows practical usage of this technology. Analysis of problems quality of services and optimalization QoS in MANET is content third parts of MT. Fourth part specifies division of routing protocols, analysis of routing in MANET and characteristics routing protocols OLSR, AODV, DSR and TORA. In practical fifth part of MT are in introduction simulated simple MANET and mesh networks and further is created model of MANET network, into the model are implemented accessible routing protocols in simulation program OPNET Modeler and on the basis of simulation these protocols or more precisely output statisticians of simulation are protocols compared from several aspects and suitability for transmission of multimedia data (voice, video).

The thesis deals with MANET networks and it focuses on the routing process. Most attention is paid to the routing protocols AODV and OLSR. These protocols are described in the detail. The aim of the thesis is to create a simulation model of MANET network in OPNET Modeler environment. In this model the AODV protocol is configured. In order to achieve improved characteristics of the network traffic the routing protocol parameters are optimized. Furthermore the process model of AODV protocol in this environment is studied and extended by a new type of message, which allows a transfer of current transmission speed of MANET station network interface. Current transmission rate of stations is retrieved from the statistics. Every station periodically sends a message to neighboring nodes. The node stores the information into the file when a new message arrives.

No description available.

近年來興起一個前瞻性無線技術，稱之為無線網狀網路（Wireless Mesh Networks），WMNs 以所費低廉方式提供無線網路最後一哩存取Internet，同時具備ad hoc 網路全部優點，例如自我組織（self-organization）、自我組態（self-configuration）等。儘管WMNs 骨幹部分與平面式ad hoc 網路相似，多網卡（multi-radio）的Mesh Routers 節點卻是固定不動且沒有電力限制。有鑑於此，設計於ad hoc 網路上之路由協定並不適合於WMNs。 WCETT（Weighted Cumulated Expected Transmission Time）metric 考量到intra-flow 干擾，卻未捕捉到inter-flow 干擾；而LBAR（Load-Balanced Ad hoc Routing）協定以計算節點之活躍值（nodal activity）與訊務流量干擾選擇路徑，並無支援多網卡路由，LBAR 可以在單一網卡環境表現良好，在多網卡環境卻不一定。因此，我們提出一個WMNs 上考量到Intra/Inter-flow干擾之多網卡路由協定，稱為MiRii。模擬結果顯示出我們路由協定可以改善網路效能，包含了封包成功傳送率及平均點對點延遲。 / A new promising wireless technology has emerged recently, called wireless mesh networks (WMNs). WMNs are inexpensive way to provide wireless last-mile broadband Internet access and have all the advantages of ad hoc network, such as self-organization, self-configuration. Although WMNs backbone is similar to flat ad hoc network, mesh routers with multi-radio are stationary and have no power constraints. As a result, routing protocols designed for ad hoc network may not be appropriate for WMNs. The WCETT (Weighted Cumulated Expected Transmission Time) metric takes intra-flow interference into consideration, but does not capture inter-flow interference. LBAR (Load-Balanced Ad hoc Routing) calculates nodal activity and traffic interference for choosing a path, but does not supporting multi-radio. LBAR may be perform well in single-radio environment, but do not perform as well in multi-radios. Consequently, we incorporate a new Multi-Interface Routing with Intra/Inter-flow Interference in Wireless Mesh Networks, called MiRii. The simulations show that our routing protocol can improve the network performance including the Packet Delivery Ratio and average end-to-end delay.

La constante évolution des technologies de l'information et le penchant vers l'utilisation des machines sans fil qui se sont imposées ces dernières années ont fait émerger un nouveau type de réseaux : les réseaux sans-fil ad hoc, ou MANET (Mobile Ad hoc NETwork). Se souciant de pouvoir communiquer et de partager l'information dans n'importe quelle situation, les réseaux ad hoc sont des systèmes autonomes composés par un ensemble d'entités mobiles libres de se déplacer sans contraintes. Ces entités utilisent le médium radio pour communiquer et forment un réseau n'utilisant aucune infrastructure existante. Dans cette thèse, nous nous intéressons à sécuriser les protocoles de routage ad hoc en proposant des mécanismes de détection des actions malveillantes pour consolider les protocoles de routage et prévenir les futures attaques. Nous nous basons sur la confiance développée entre les entités pour bâtir un raisonnement sur le comportement des entités voisines. Ceci passe par une comparaison des messages échangés entre les entités du réseau ad hoc ou encore par l'analyse des incohérences dans les annonces et les ouvertures de routes afin de détecter la malhonnêteté ou la compromission d'une entité mobile. Nous choisissons d'appliquer cette approche sur le protocole réactif AODV. L'évaluation des performances de ce système de détection montre la pertinence du raisonnement sans pour autant influencer les performances du protocole. Une étude portant sur les cas de faux-positifs est aussi effectuée : nous proposons une solution pour les limiter en se basant sur le fait de ne prendre une décision que si l'entité est sûre de l'action malhonnête du voisin.

Mobile Ad hoc network routing protocols have been divided in several different categories such as Reactive and Proactive Routing Protocol. The performances of these categories are evaluated in different scenario with TCP variants. We present a comprehensive TCP performance evaluation study to understand the nature of the TCP performance in different scenarios with variable amount of payload and number of nodes. The traffic consists of three different packet sizes i.e. 512, 1000, 1500 bytes each. Three different routing protocols (AODV, DSR and TORA) are to be evaluated with three different TCP variants (Tahoe, Reno and New Reno) in three different scenarios having 3, 5 and 8 nodes. The performances parameters on the basis of which routing protocols are to be graded are mainly throughput, congestion window and delay. Conclusions are drawn based on the simulation results and the comparisons between them have been elaborated. / N.W.F.P PAKISTAN. Mobile no: 0092-3339173438

The aim of this work is to become familiar with simulation environment Network Simulator 2, study the problems of sensor networks and their support in the simulator and implement the selected protocol and verify its funcitonality in a practical simulation.