Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1970.

Thesis (M.Sc.)--University of Alberta, 2009. / A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Medical Science, Orthodontics. Title from pdf file main screen (viewed on August 13, 2009). Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Florida, 2004. / Typescript. Title from title page of source document. Document formatted into pages; contains 35 pages. Includes Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

A corrosão dos aparelhos ortodônticos pode induzir uma resposta inflamatória e causar alterações nos tecidos bucais de pacientes em tratamento. Portanto, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os efeitos citogenéticos causados em células epiteliais bucais de pacientes submetidos a tratamento ortodôntico corretivo e compará-los a um grupo controle sem tratamento. Setenta e quatro (74) pacientes em tratamento ortodôntico corretivo e vinte e um (21) pacientes controle com idades entre 11 e 35 anos participaram da pesquisa, de ambos os gêneros e que estavam em atendimento na clínica de pós-graduação em Ortodontia da Faculdade de Odontologia, Ribeirão Preto-USP. Os pacientes em tratamento foram divididos em quatro grupos que se diferenciaram pelo tempo de tratamento G1, n= 21 (1 mês a 12 meses de tratamento), G2, n= 21 (13 a 24 meses), G3, n= 23 (25 a 48 meses de tratamento) e G4, n=9 (acima de 48 meses de tratamento). As células foram coletadas por raspagem leve da parte interna da bochecha, com escova de dente e posteriormente colocadas em tubos de polietileno contendo soro fisiológico. Imediatamente após a obtenção da amostra foi realizada a avaliação dos danos citogenéticos por meio do teste de micronúcleos (MNT). Análises bivariadas foram realizadas nos dados obtidos utilizando testes paramétricos (Teste t, ANOVA) e testes não paramétricos quando necessário (teste do qui-quadrado ou exato e teste Kruskall Wallis seguido do teste de pós-teste de Dunn). Não foram encontradas diferenças estatisticamente significantes para nenhuma das anomalias citogenéticas, exceto para a \"cariolíticas\" que foi maior no grupo controle. Concluiu-se que não foram encontrados danos estatisticamente significantes, sendo o tratamento ortodôntico seguro em pacientes saudáveis com capacidade de reparo normal. / The corrosion of orthodontic appliances can induce an inflammatory response and cause changes in bucal tissues from patients undergoing treatment. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the cytogenetic damage in bucal epithelial cells of patients undergoing corrective orthodontic treatment and compare them to a control group without orthodontic treatment. Seventy-four (74) patients in orthodontic treatment and twenty-one (21) control individuals aged between 11 and 35 years participated in the research, of both genders and who were in attending at the clinic graduate in Orthodontics at Faculty of Dentistry, Ribeirão Preto-USP. The patients were divided into four treatment groups by treatment time; G1, n= 21 (1 month to 12 months of treatment), G2, n = 21 (13 to 24 months), G3, n = 23 (25 to 48 months of treatment) and G4, n = 9 (over 48 months of treatment). The cells were collected by gentle scraping with a toothbrush of the inside of the cheek and later placed in polyethylene tubes containing Physiological saline. Immediately after, the samples were evaluated for cytogenetic damage through the micronucleus test (MNT). Bivariate analyzes were performed using parametric tests (t test, ANOVA) and nonparametric tests when necessary (chi-square test or Kruskal Wallis test accurate and followed by Dunn test posttest). Thus, there wasn`t significant differences for any of the cytogenetic abnormalities except for karyolysis which was higher in the control group. It was concluded that statistically significant damage were not found, and orthodontic treatment is safe in healthy patients with repair capacity.

A corrosão dos aparelhos ortodônticos pode induzir uma resposta inflamatória e causar alterações nos tecidos bucais de pacientes em tratamento. Portanto, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os efeitos citogenéticos causados em células epiteliais bucais de pacientes submetidos a tratamento ortodôntico corretivo e compará-los a um grupo controle sem tratamento. Setenta e quatro (74) pacientes em tratamento ortodôntico corretivo e vinte e um (21) pacientes controle com idades entre 11 e 35 anos participaram da pesquisa, de ambos os gêneros e que estavam em atendimento na clínica de pós-graduação em Ortodontia da Faculdade de Odontologia, Ribeirão Preto-USP. Os pacientes em tratamento foram divididos em quatro grupos que se diferenciaram pelo tempo de tratamento G1, n= 21 (1 mês a 12 meses de tratamento), G2, n= 21 (13 a 24 meses), G3, n= 23 (25 a 48 meses de tratamento) e G4, n=9 (acima de 48 meses de tratamento). As células foram coletadas por raspagem leve da parte interna da bochecha, com escova de dente e posteriormente colocadas em tubos de polietileno contendo soro fisiológico. Imediatamente após a obtenção da amostra foi realizada a avaliação dos danos citogenéticos por meio do teste de micronúcleos (MNT). Análises bivariadas foram realizadas nos dados obtidos utilizando testes paramétricos (Teste t, ANOVA) e testes não paramétricos quando necessário (teste do qui-quadrado ou exato e teste Kruskall Wallis seguido do teste de pós-teste de Dunn). Não foram encontradas diferenças estatisticamente significantes para nenhuma das anomalias citogenéticas, exceto para a \"cariolíticas\" que foi maior no grupo controle. Concluiu-se que não foram encontrados danos estatisticamente significantes, sendo o tratamento ortodôntico seguro em pacientes saudáveis com capacidade de reparo normal. / The corrosion of orthodontic appliances can induce an inflammatory response and cause changes in bucal tissues from patients undergoing treatment. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the cytogenetic damage in bucal epithelial cells of patients undergoing corrective orthodontic treatment and compare them to a control group without orthodontic treatment. Seventy-four (74) patients in orthodontic treatment and twenty-one (21) control individuals aged between 11 and 35 years participated in the research, of both genders and who were in attending at the clinic graduate in Orthodontics at Faculty of Dentistry, Ribeirão Preto-USP. The patients were divided into four treatment groups by treatment time; G1, n= 21 (1 month to 12 months of treatment), G2, n = 21 (13 to 24 months), G3, n = 23 (25 to 48 months of treatment) and G4, n = 9 (over 48 months of treatment). The cells were collected by gentle scraping with a toothbrush of the inside of the cheek and later placed in polyethylene tubes containing Physiological saline. Immediately after, the samples were evaluated for cytogenetic damage through the micronucleus test (MNT). Bivariate analyzes were performed using parametric tests (t test, ANOVA) and nonparametric tests when necessary (chi-square test or Kruskal Wallis test accurate and followed by Dunn test posttest). Thus, there wasn`t significant differences for any of the cytogenetic abnormalities except for karyolysis which was higher in the control group. It was concluded that statistically significant damage were not found, and orthodontic treatment is safe in healthy patients with repair capacity.

<p>UVOD Početne karijesne lezije gleđi (bele mrlje) se defini&scaron;u kao područija demineralizovane gleđi, koja nastaju kao posledica neadekvatnog higijensko-dijetetskog režima. Prevencija belih mrlja je neophodna, kako bi se dobio maksimalan učinak terapije fiksnim ortodontskim aparatima. U prevenciji i terapiji belih mrlja se primenjuju preparati na bazi kazein- fosfopeptid &ndash; amorfnog kalcijum fosfata (CPP-ACP) i preparati na bazi fluorida. Ciljevi istraživanja su bili da se ispita prisustvo početnih karijesnih lezija gleđi, nakon tretmana fiksnim ortodontskim aparatima i da se istraži uspe&scaron;nost terapije početnih karijesnih lezija gleđi. MATERIJAL I METODE RADA U studiju je bilo uključeno 100 pacijenata, uzrasta od 15-50 godina, kod kojih je indikovana terapija fiksnim ortodontskim aparatima na Klinici za stomatologiju Vojvodine. Pacijenti su bili podeljeni u dve grupe, eksperimentalnu (pacijenti koji su koristili preparate na bazi kazein- fosfopeptid &ndash; amorfnog kalcijum fosfata i standardne preparate za oralnu higijenu) i kontrolnu (koji su koristili samo standardne preparate za oralnu higijenu). Analizirane su fotografije pacijenata napravljene pre početka tretmana, nakon uklanjanja fiksnih ortodontskih aparata i nakon terapije početnih karijesnih lezija. Formirana je baza podataka, koja je bila kori&scaron;ćena za potrebe ovog istraživanja, u okviru &bdquo;Onyxceph&ldquo; softverskog programa. U istraživanju se koristio upitnik, sastavljen većinom od pitanja zatvorenog tipa. REZULTATI Rezultati istraživanja pokazuju da je većina ispitanika bila ženskog pola (68%). Početne karijesne lezije su bile če&scaron;će dijagnostikovane kod mu&scaron;kog pola. Najveći broj pacijenata je bio iz grupe mlađeg odraslog doba (42%) i adolescenata (32%). Kod 73% pacijenata, koji su pro&scaron;li tretman fiksnim ortodontskim aparatima, dijagnostikovane su početne karijesne lezije zuba na kraju tretmana. Pacijenti koji su vi&scaron;e puta u toku dana konzumirali konditorske proizvode, u toku ortodontskog tretmana, su imali najvi&scaron;i procenat belih mrlja (87,5%). ZAKLJUČCI Potvrđene su obe hipoteze: 1. Prevalencija početnih karijesnih lezija gleđi nakon fiksne ortodontske terapije bila je vi&scaron;a od 60%, kod pacijenata koji su minimum godinu dana nosili fiksni ortodontski aparat. 2. Terapija belih mrlja preparatima Tooth Mousse (CPP-ACP) je dala značajno bolje rezultate, u odnosu na grupu ispitanika koji su koristiti samo standardna sredstva za održavanje oralne higijene. Na osnovu dobijenih rezultata kliničkih istraživanja može se zaključiti da je prevalencija početnih karijesnih lezija gleđi proporcionalno veća kod pacijenata koji su imali slabiju oralnu higijenu u toku ortodontskog tretmana, u poređenju sa pacijentima koji su imali visoku svest o važnosti higijensko-dijetetskog režima. Primena Tooth Mousse pasta u tretmanu početnih karijesnih lezija gleđi od značajne je važnosti za remineralizaciju zubne gleđi. Dužina trajanja ortodontskog tretmana nije dovedena u direktnu vezu sa pojavom početnih karijesnih lezija gleđi.</p> / <p>INTRODUCTION The initial carious lesions (white spots) indicate an area of demineralization of enamel as a result of an inadequate hygiene-dietary regime. The prevention of white spots lesions (WSL) is necessary in order to obtain the maximum effect of the therapy with fixed orthodontic appliances. In the prevention and treatment of white spots, products based on casein-phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) are applied as well as preparations based on fluoride. The aims of the study were to examine the presence of initial carious lesions on the surface of the tooth after treatment with fixed orthodontic appliances and to assess the success of the therapy of initial caries lesions. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study included 100 patients aged 15-50 who were treated with fixed orthodontic appliances, at the public Dentistry Clinic of Vojvodina. Patients were divided into two groups: experimental (patients who used Tooth Mousse paste and standard oral hygiene products) and control group (using only standard oral hygiene products). The photos of patients were made and analyzed in three stages of the study - before the beginning of the treatment, after the removal of fixed orthodontic appliances and after the therapy of initial caries lesions. Using the &quot;Onyxceph&quot; software program, the database was created, which was used for the purposes of this research. The questionnaire composed mostly of close-ended questions was used for the purpose of this survey. RESULTS The restates of this study indicated that a majority of respondents were female. (68%). The initial carious lesions were more commonly diagnosed in men. The majority of patients with WSL were in group of young adult people (42%) and adolescents (32%). In 73% of all patients who were treated with fixed orthodontic appliances, were diagnosed WSL on the end of the orthodontic treatment. Patients who consumed confectionery products several times during the day, during the orthodontic treatment, had the highest percentage of white spots lesions (87.5%). CONCLUSION Both hypotheses have been confirmed: 1.The prevalence of initial carious lesions of the tooth enamel after fixed orthodontic therapy was higher than 60% in patients who had fixed orthodontic appliances for at least a year. 2. White spot therapy with Tooth Mousse&#39;s products showed significantly better results compared to a group of subjects who only used standard oral hygiene products. On the basis of the obtained results of clinical trials, it can be concluded that the prevalence of initial caries lesions is proportionally greater in patients with lower oral hygiene during orthodontic treatment, compared to patients who had higher awareness of the importance of the hygiene-dietary regime. The use and application of Tooth Mousse paste in the treatment of initial carious lesion is vital for the re-mineralization of the enamel surface.</p>