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Optimering av ett 3D cellmanipulationssystem : Karakterisering av hur ultraljud påverkar temperatur i ett chip / Optimizing a 3D cell manipulation systemAndersson, David, Holgersson, Emanuel January 2017 (has links)
En populär metod för manipulering av celler är användning av ultraljud. Då användning av ultraljud ofta medför att temperaturen i dess omgivning ändras, finns ett intresse av att karakterisera temperaturutvecklingen för ett chip monterat på en givare som sänder ut högfrekvent ultraljud. Skulle det vara möjligt att uppnå en stabil temperaturen i chipet genom att endast kontrollera spänningen som styr ultraljudet så skulle det medföra stora besparingar inom energikostnader på grund av att den nuvarande uppställningen använder sig av ett kylsystem som kräver mycket energi. Projektet gick ut på att testa hur chipets temperatur svarade på olika amplituder på den spänning som styrde ultraljudsgivaren. Detta gjordes genom att läsa av temperaturen i chipet kontinuerligt med hjälp av en IR kamera under cykler av upphettning och avsvalning. Resultatet visade på en viss linjäritet mellan spänning och temperatur i chipet inom vissa spänningsintervall. Konduktion av värmeenergi från ultraljudsgivaren verkar vara det dominerande bidraget till chipets temperaturförändring. Det har visat sig möjligt att kunna styra temperaturen med så enkla regulatorer som en proportionell regulator, men om snabbare uppvärmningstid är önskvärt, är det fullt möjligt att uppnå det med mer sofistikerade regulatorer. / A popular method for manipulation of cells is the use of ultrasound. Since the ultrasound usually affects the temperature in its surroundings, there is an interest in characterizing the temperature change in a chip mounted on a transducer that is supplying high frequency ultrasound. If it were possible to control the temperature in the chip by only controlling the voltage being supplied to the ultrasound transducer, the energy costs would be reduced due to not needing a high energy demanding cooling system to control the temperature. By varying the amplitude of the voltage being supplied to the transducer, the temperature in the chip was observed continuously. An IR camera was used to measure the temperature during cycles of heating and cooling. The result shows that there is a certain linearity between the voltage applied to the transducer and the temperature in the chip in certain intervals of voltage. Conduction of heat energy seems to be the lead reason of temperature change in the chip. It has been shown to be possible to control the temperature with a controller as simple as a proportional one, but if a faster pace of heating is desired, then the use of a more sophisticated one should suffice.
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Silicon solar cells: basics of simulation and modelling : Using the mathematical program Maple to simulate and model a silicon solar cell / Kisel solceller:Grunderna för simulering och modellering : Använder det matematiska programmet Maple för att simulera och modellera en kisel solcellEkhagen, Sebastian January 2017 (has links)
The main goal of this thesis was to simulate a solar cell with the symbolic manipulation tool Maple and discuss the strength and weaknesses of using Maple instead of the already known simulation program PC1D. This was done mainly by solving the three essential differential equations governing the current density and excess electron and hole densities in the solar cell. This could be done easily by using known simplifications especially the low injection assumption. However it was also a success without using this particular simplification but the solutions had to be achieved using a numerical method instead of direct methods. The results were confirmed by setting up the same solar cell with PC1D. The conclusion is that Maple gives the user increased freedom when setting up the solar cell, however PC1D is easier to use if this freedom is not needed. At the end of this thesis a brief introduction is also made on the possibility of using Maple with a tandem cell setup instead of single junction.
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