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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Modes de stabilisation innovants de catalyseurs pour la conversion de la biomasse / Innovative ways to stabilize catalysts for biomass transformation reactions

Girel, Etienne 25 October 2018 (has links)
La transformation de la biomasse lignocellulosique requiert des conditions opératoires différentes de celles employées dans les procédés du raffinage et de la pétrochimie. Ainsi, certaines transformations de produits bio-sourcés sont opérées en phase aqueuse et en température (« conditions hydrothermales (HT) » : T > 200°C, eau liquide). Les catalyseurs hétérogènes industriels constitués de supports poreux oxydes comme l’alumine se révèlent alors inadaptés. Des modifications structurales et texturales sont observées induisant des performances catalytiques instables et incompatibles avec une viabilité industrielle d’éventuels procédés. La thèse propose de développer des matériaux catalytiques présentant des propriétés de stabilité hydrothermale adaptées au traitement des nouvelles matières premières que sont la biomasse et ses réactifs dérivés. La stratégie consiste à modifier la surface d’alumine afin de la rendre stable en conditions HT. Cette modification de surface est effectuée avec l’aide d’additifs organiques (carbone, polyols) ou inorganiques (silicium).Il est montré que l’alumine devient stable lors de la saturation de certains hydroxyles de sa surface localisés spécifiquement sur les faces basales des cristallites élémentaires. Des stratégies sont développées pour de déposer sélectivement du carbone ou du silicium sur ces sites en question. Une très bonne stabilité HT est ainsi obtenue avec un taux de recouvrement de la surface proche de 20% seulement. Une phase métallique est ensuite déposée sur les matériaux stabilisés et leurs performances catalytiques sont évaluées pour l’hydrogénolyse du glycérol / Biomass transformation reactions are carried under very different conditions from those used in petroleum industry. Some bio-products are transformed in aqueous phase underhigh temperatures (hydrothermal conditions). Heterogeneous catalysts are most likely made with a porous oxide like alumina witch is not suited for such conditions. Its textural and structural properties are modified during the treatment making the material incompatible with any process. The aim of the thesis is to develop new catalytic materials with hydrothermal stability properties adapted to the treatment of biomass products. The strategy is to modify alumina surface in order to make it insensitive to water during a hydrothermal treatment. The surface modification is done with inorganic (silicon) and organic (carbon, polyols) additives.We show here that alumina is stable only if some specific hydroxyls located in basal surfaces of crystallites are saturated. We develop strategy to selectively cover those sites with carbon or silica. A very good hydrothermal stability is obtained with a surface coverage close to 20% only. Then, a metal phase is deposited on the stabilized supports and catalytic performances of the materials are evaluated through the glycerol hydrogenolysis reaction
2

<b>Molecular investigation of the multi-phase photochemistry of environmental aquatic systems</b>

Maria V Misovich (17553087) 08 December 2023 (has links)
<p dir="ltr">The chemical constituents of terrestrial and atmospheric waters originate from biomass burning, fertilizer runoff, and anthropogenic activity, among other sources, and their multi-phase chemistry is complex. Sunlight plays an essential role in aquatic chemistry. Photosensitizers in terrestrial and atmospheric waters absorb light to form highly reactive species such as triplet excited carbon (<sup>3</sup>C*), hydroxyl radical (•OH), and singlet oxygen (<sup>1</sup>O<sub>2</sub>), driving the photochemical transformations of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in the aqueous phase. Of note, these reactive species transform DOM compounds that do not undergo direct photolysis. DOM frequently undergoes a change in optical properties following photochemical processing, with implications for air quality, water quality, and human and animal health. The presence of inorganic minerals, such as the fertilizer compound struvite, in terrestrial or atmospheric waters introduces further complexity and impacts the photochemical processes that occur. Simplified proxy systems are created in the laboratory to simulate aquatic photochemical processes and evaluate the formation and/or photodegradation of photoproducts. These mixtures typically consist of a representative organic carbon (OC) compound and a photosensitizer, along with struvite or another inorganic mineral.</p>

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