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De nombreuses études ont montré l’impact de la déformation sur le système K-Ar, et donc les âges ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹ Ar. Ces études se limitent souvent à une comparaison des âges obtenus dans des roches déformées et un protolithe indemne de déformation. La première partie de cette étude a inversement consisté à étudier la distribution de la déformation à différentes échelles et à décrire finement les gradients d’intensité de la déformation. L’étude a porté sur deux protolithes de nature granitique, associés à une différence d’âge entre leur formation et les évènements tectonométamorphiques faible (< 1 Ma ; massif d’Ikaria) ou élevée (>240 Ma ; massif du Tende). Pour le premier cas, la déformation entraine une perte de 40Ar dans les clastes des phases potassiques, interprétée comme résultant de la réduction des tailles des domaines de diffusion qui n’est pas accentuée par une intensité de déformation croissante. Pour le second cas, l’héritageen 40Ar du protolithe se traduit par la circulation de fluides et de 40Ar externe au système via les structures se déformant activement, produisant parfois un vieillissement des âges grandissant dans la phengite des structures les plus localisantes, alors que sur d’autres coupes il est observé un rajeunissement plus logique. Pour les deux cas,l’interprétation des âges obtenus dans les phases néoformées pendant la déformation est ambiguë entre refroidissement,cristallisation et mélange, et nécessite un examen détaillé des données confrontées aux températures de fermeture possibles. Les interprétations indiquent pour le cas d’Ikaria une localisation de la déformation ductile en moins de 1-3Ma le long d’un gradient de second ordre d’une dizaine de mètre d’épaisseur. La localisation de la déformation à l’échelle d’une zone de cisaillement se réalise plus rapidement dans le cas de l’exhumation post-orogénique d’un MCC(~7 Ma) que dans le cas de l’exhumation de matériel continental impliqué dans un prisme de subduction (~14-10 Ma). / Numerous studies have shown the impact of deformation on the K-Ar system, and therefore ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹ Ar ages. These studies often do not provide data characterizing deformation and are limited to a comparison of the ages obtained indeformed rocks and an undeformed protolith. The first part of this study thus consisted in studying the strain distribution at different scales and finely describing strain intensity gradients. The study focused on two granitic protoliths, associated respectively with a difference in age between the formation of the protolith and the age of the tectonometamorphic events that is low (<1 Ma ; Ikaria Island) or inversely high (> 240 Ma ; Tenda massif). In the firstcase study, deformation results in a 40Ar loss in K-bearing phases, interpreted as resulting from the reduction of diffusion domains sizes which is not accentuated by an increasing strain intensity. In the second case study, the 40Arinheritance of the protolith results in fluids and extraneous 40Ar circulation through the actively deforming structures,ages in phengite being increasingly older approaching the most localizing structures in some sections, while others behave in an opposite way, more in line with the progressive strain localization in time. For both cases, interpretation of ages obtained in the newly formed phases during deformation is ambiguous between cooling, crystallization and mixing, and requires a detailed examination of the data confronted with the possible closing temperatures.Interpretations indicate for the Ikaria case study a strain localization in less than 1-3 Ma along a second order gradient of about ten meters in thickness. Strain localization at the scale of a shear zone occurs more rapidly in the case of a post-orogenic exhumation of a MCC (~ 7 Ma) than in the case of the exhumation of continental material involved in a subduction prism (~ 14-10 Ma).

Apesar da importância das rochas da fácies xisto azul para o entendimento da dinâmica das zonas de subducção no passado, pouquíssimos estudos de mapeamento, geoquímica, geotermobarometria, geocronologia e de evolução tectônica têm sido feitos em rochas desse tipo na Colômbia. Na Cordilheira Central dos Andes colombianos ocorrem duas unidades rochas de alta razão P/T, uma delas na região de Jambaló (Departamento de Cauca) e outra na região de Barragán (Departamento de Valle de Cauca). Na região de Jambaló destaca-se a presença de lentes de xistos azuis em uma área constituída predominantemente por rochas da fácies xisto verde. Estas rochas representam núcleos preservados dos processos retrometamórficos que afetam as rochas de alta pressão durante a exumação. Os dados de geoquímica obtidos no conjunto de rochas de Jambaló indicam uma evolução dos protolitos a partir de rochas básicas e intermediárias de arcos de ilhas e de MORB. Usando o software TWQ 1.02, foram obtidos dados P e T que mostram uma forte descompressão acompanhada por quedas relativamente pequenas na temperatura para o as rochas da fácies xisto azul. A pressão tem uma variação entre ~14 e 7 kbar com uma diminuição da temperatura entre ~400 e 300 °C. Para as rochas da fácies xisto verde observa-se uma descompressão (8,2 - 6,6 kbar) seguida de um leve aquecimento (463 - 500 °C), possivelmente devido à sua colocação junto a lascas tectônicas aquecidas em zonas de cavalgamentos. O conjunto dos dados 40Ar/39Ar mostram que o metamorfismo da fácies xisto azul de Jambaló têm idade predominante próxima de 63 Ma, com indicações de possíveis idades até mais antigas que 71 Ma, apesar do melhor intervalo situarse entre 66 e 61 Ma (Maastritchtiano-Daniano). Isso posiciona a exumação dos xistos azuis de Jambaló no final do Cretáceo até o início do Terciário, pois considerando que foram datadas as principalmente paragonita e, subordinadamente fengita, associadas à foliação milonítica nas rochas da fácies xisto azul, a idade mínima do metamorfismo seria um pouco mais antiga e as idades obtidas representariam o evento de exumação, que tem relação direta com a geração de foliação milonítica. Na região de Barragán é constituída por predominantemente xistos azuis e possíveis retro-eclogitos e a geoquímica caracteriza os protolitos das rochas da fácies xisto azul e anfibolito como formados em NMORB. Os dados de geotermobarometria obtidos para o conjunto de rochas de Barragán indicam que as amostras pertencentes à fácies anfibolito sofreram uma forte descompressão (~15 - 9,2 kbar) seguida de um leve aumento na temperatura (639 - 665 °C) o que sugere que estas rochas tenham alcançado a fácies eclogito. As rochas da fácies xisto azul por sua parte, mostram uma leve queda na pressão (9,5 - 9,3 kbar) e uma leve queda na temperatura (399 - 397 °C), associada à transição das fácies xisto azul para xisto verde. A idade 40Ar/39Ar obtida em um metapelito associado com os xistos azuis, apresentou uma idade de ~120 Ma, o que sugere que o metamorfismo na fácies xisto azul seja mais antigo (125 - 150 Ma) dependendo do modelo de geração e exumação que seja considerado. Todo o conjunto de dados sugere duas coisas principais, a primeira que não há relação entre os xistos azuis e rochas associadas da região de Barragán e as de Jambaló e a segundo que pode ser considerado um modelo evolutivo de xistos azuis Andino, diferente aos modelos Franciscano e Alpino. / Despite the importance of the blueschist facies rocks to unravel the dynamic of subduction zones in the past, few detailed studies including mapping, geochemistry, geothermobarometry, geochronology and tectonic evolution has been made in rock with these characteristics in Colombia. In Central Cordillera of the Colombian Andes are found two geologic units with rocks of high P/T ratio, one of them in Jambaló area (Cauca department,) and other in Barragán area (Valle de Cauca Department). In Jambaló area crops out several lenses of blueschists in an area that consists predominantly of greeschist facies rocks. These rocks represent preserved cores of retrometamorphic processes that affect the rocks of high pressure during exhumation. Geochemical data obtained in Jambaló rocks, indicate a trend of protholiths varying from basic to intermediate rocks in a possible islands arc and MORB settings. Using software TWQ 1.02, were obtained data of P and T that show a strong decompression with relatively small decrease in temperature for the blueschist facies rocks. The pressure ranges between ~ 14 and 7 kbar with a decrease in temperature between 400 and ~ 300°C. For greenschist facies rocks of Jambaló the decompression (8.2 - 6.6 kbar) was followed by a slight temperature increasing (463-500°C), possibly due to the juxtaposition with hot tectonic slabs in thrusting zones. The 40Ar/39Ar data shows that the blueschist facies rocks from Jambaló rocks have predominant metamorphism age close to 63 Ma, but are also indications of possible ages older than 71 Ma, despite the best interval is estimated between 66 and 61 Ma (Maastritchtian-Danian), corresponding to exhumation processes of blueschist facies rocks, because the dated micas (paragonite and phengite) was crystallized during the development of the mylonitic foliation. In Barragán area, the geochemical data indicate that the protoliths of blueschist and amphibolite facies rocks correspond to N-MORB. Geothermobarometrical data indicate that the samples of amphibolites facies were affected by strong decompression (~ 15 to 9.2 kbar), followed by a slight increase in temperature (639 - 665 °C), which suggests that these rocks have reached eclogite facies. The blueschist facies rocks on its region, showed a slight pressure (9.5-9.3 kbar) and a slight temperature drops (399-397 °C), associated with the transition from blueschist to greenschist facies rocks. Geochronology by 40Ar/39Ar method, obtained in a metapelite rock associated to the blueschist facies rocks, gives an age of ~ 120 Ma, which suggests that the metamorphism in blueschist facies is older (125-150 Ma) depending on the model of generation and exhumation considered. The entire set of data suggests two important keys, the first that there are no relationship between blueschist and associated rocks from Barragán and Jambaló areas, and second that would be considered a model of Andean blueschist generation different to Franciscan and Alpine models.

Apesar da importância das rochas da fácies xisto azul para o entendimento da dinâmica das zonas de subducção no passado, pouquíssimos estudos de mapeamento, geoquímica, geotermobarometria, geocronologia e de evolução tectônica têm sido feitos em rochas desse tipo na Colômbia. Na Cordilheira Central dos Andes colombianos ocorrem duas unidades rochas de alta razão P/T, uma delas na região de Jambaló (Departamento de Cauca) e outra na região de Barragán (Departamento de Valle de Cauca). Na região de Jambaló destaca-se a presença de lentes de xistos azuis em uma área constituída predominantemente por rochas da fácies xisto verde. Estas rochas representam núcleos preservados dos processos retrometamórficos que afetam as rochas de alta pressão durante a exumação. Os dados de geoquímica obtidos no conjunto de rochas de Jambaló indicam uma evolução dos protolitos a partir de rochas básicas e intermediárias de arcos de ilhas e de MORB. Usando o software TWQ 1.02, foram obtidos dados P e T que mostram uma forte descompressão acompanhada por quedas relativamente pequenas na temperatura para o as rochas da fácies xisto azul. A pressão tem uma variação entre ~14 e 7 kbar com uma diminuição da temperatura entre ~400 e 300 °C. Para as rochas da fácies xisto verde observa-se uma descompressão (8,2 - 6,6 kbar) seguida de um leve aquecimento (463 - 500 °C), possivelmente devido à sua colocação junto a lascas tectônicas aquecidas em zonas de cavalgamentos. O conjunto dos dados 40Ar/39Ar mostram que o metamorfismo da fácies xisto azul de Jambaló têm idade predominante próxima de 63 Ma, com indicações de possíveis idades até mais antigas que 71 Ma, apesar do melhor intervalo situarse entre 66 e 61 Ma (Maastritchtiano-Daniano). Isso posiciona a exumação dos xistos azuis de Jambaló no final do Cretáceo até o início do Terciário, pois considerando que foram datadas as principalmente paragonita e, subordinadamente fengita, associadas à foliação milonítica nas rochas da fácies xisto azul, a idade mínima do metamorfismo seria um pouco mais antiga e as idades obtidas representariam o evento de exumação, que tem relação direta com a geração de foliação milonítica. Na região de Barragán é constituída por predominantemente xistos azuis e possíveis retro-eclogitos e a geoquímica caracteriza os protolitos das rochas da fácies xisto azul e anfibolito como formados em NMORB. Os dados de geotermobarometria obtidos para o conjunto de rochas de Barragán indicam que as amostras pertencentes à fácies anfibolito sofreram uma forte descompressão (~15 - 9,2 kbar) seguida de um leve aumento na temperatura (639 - 665 °C) o que sugere que estas rochas tenham alcançado a fácies eclogito. As rochas da fácies xisto azul por sua parte, mostram uma leve queda na pressão (9,5 - 9,3 kbar) e uma leve queda na temperatura (399 - 397 °C), associada à transição das fácies xisto azul para xisto verde. A idade 40Ar/39Ar obtida em um metapelito associado com os xistos azuis, apresentou uma idade de ~120 Ma, o que sugere que o metamorfismo na fácies xisto azul seja mais antigo (125 - 150 Ma) dependendo do modelo de geração e exumação que seja considerado. Todo o conjunto de dados sugere duas coisas principais, a primeira que não há relação entre os xistos azuis e rochas associadas da região de Barragán e as de Jambaló e a segundo que pode ser considerado um modelo evolutivo de xistos azuis Andino, diferente aos modelos Franciscano e Alpino. / Despite the importance of the blueschist facies rocks to unravel the dynamic of subduction zones in the past, few detailed studies including mapping, geochemistry, geothermobarometry, geochronology and tectonic evolution has been made in rock with these characteristics in Colombia. In Central Cordillera of the Colombian Andes are found two geologic units with rocks of high P/T ratio, one of them in Jambaló area (Cauca department,) and other in Barragán area (Valle de Cauca Department). In Jambaló area crops out several lenses of blueschists in an area that consists predominantly of greeschist facies rocks. These rocks represent preserved cores of retrometamorphic processes that affect the rocks of high pressure during exhumation. Geochemical data obtained in Jambaló rocks, indicate a trend of protholiths varying from basic to intermediate rocks in a possible islands arc and MORB settings. Using software TWQ 1.02, were obtained data of P and T that show a strong decompression with relatively small decrease in temperature for the blueschist facies rocks. The pressure ranges between ~ 14 and 7 kbar with a decrease in temperature between 400 and ~ 300°C. For greenschist facies rocks of Jambaló the decompression (8.2 - 6.6 kbar) was followed by a slight temperature increasing (463-500°C), possibly due to the juxtaposition with hot tectonic slabs in thrusting zones. The 40Ar/39Ar data shows that the blueschist facies rocks from Jambaló rocks have predominant metamorphism age close to 63 Ma, but are also indications of possible ages older than 71 Ma, despite the best interval is estimated between 66 and 61 Ma (Maastritchtian-Danian), corresponding to exhumation processes of blueschist facies rocks, because the dated micas (paragonite and phengite) was crystallized during the development of the mylonitic foliation. In Barragán area, the geochemical data indicate that the protoliths of blueschist and amphibolite facies rocks correspond to N-MORB. Geothermobarometrical data indicate that the samples of amphibolites facies were affected by strong decompression (~ 15 to 9.2 kbar), followed by a slight increase in temperature (639 - 665 °C), which suggests that these rocks have reached eclogite facies. The blueschist facies rocks on its region, showed a slight pressure (9.5-9.3 kbar) and a slight temperature drops (399-397 °C), associated with the transition from blueschist to greenschist facies rocks. Geochronology by 40Ar/39Ar method, obtained in a metapelite rock associated to the blueschist facies rocks, gives an age of ~ 120 Ma, which suggests that the metamorphism in blueschist facies is older (125-150 Ma) depending on the model of generation and exhumation considered. The entire set of data suggests two important keys, the first that there are no relationship between blueschist and associated rocks from Barragán and Jambaló areas, and second that would be considered a model of Andean blueschist generation different to Franciscan and Alpine models.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Este trabalho de mestrado estudou a ilha de Martin Vaz e cinco montes submarinos da Cadeia Vitória-Trindade Columbia, Dogaressa, Davis, Jaseur e Montague. Martin Vaz é um conjunto de ilhas formado pela ilha principal - Martin Vaz, duas ilhotas íngremes e inacessíveis - a Ilha do Norte e a Ilha do Sul além de vários rochedos menores, como o Rochedo Agulha, espalhados a 48 km a leste de Trindade, perfazendo uma área total de 0,3 km. Martin Vaz, assim como os montes submarinos, pertencem a chamada Cadeia Vitória-Trindade, estão inseridos em um contexto tectônico regional cujo trend W-E sugere representar o track da pluma mantélica de Trindade quando da passagem da Placa Sul Americana sobre ela desde o Terciário (CROUGH et al., 1980; OCONNOR & DUNCAN, 1990, GIBSON et at., 1997). A petrografia das amostras de Martin Vaz indica haver basanitos parcialmente alteradas, melanocráticas, textura afanítica, porosas, apresentando vesículas em torno de 1,0-5,0 milímetros. Apresenta fenocristais de piroxênio além de alguns fenocristais de olivina verde-oliva translúcido variando de 1,0-3,0 milímetros. A ilha principal apresenta também diques e necks fonolíticos apresentando matriz microlítica alterada, orientada, de cor verde apresentando minerais ripiformes de cor branca (feldspato alcalino) e outros de cor violácea (titanoaugita) além de pequenos opacos. Pequenos fenocristais de aegerina-augita fortemente pleocroica, alguns apresentando geminação simples, por vezes zonado, apresenta extinção variando de c &#8743; &#945; ou X = 23 a 33 (medida de 10 grãos). Biotita laranja amarronzada com textura poiquilítica (1,0 mm), minúsculos cristais euédricos de titanita (raros), além de cristais pseudohexagonais isotrópicos alterados de analcita e carbonatos. As amostras utilizadas neste trabalho de mestrado possuem valor mínimo de 33.91 % SiO2 (TRIM-01D) e máximo de 52,2 (MVA-01) variando de ultrabásicas a básicas. Através da análise dos óxidos SiO2 e MgO é possível distinguir dois grupos de rochas para Martin Vaz: um ultramáfico magnesiano (<42% SiO2 e >7% MgO) e um básico (>45% SiO2) e, para os montes submarinos, dois grupos: um ultramáfico magnesiano (>9% MgO <42% SiO2) e um básico (>45% SiO2 e com valores de MgO em torno de 4%). As análises de Ar-Ar para as quatro amostras de Martin Vaz apresentam idades para o derrame de basanito variando de 320366 Ka (MVA-10) à 623127 Ka (MVA-04). A única amostra datada representando do dique de fonólito é a MVA-05B e obteve idade de 64984 Ka, indicando ser contemporânea ao derrame basanítico. / This master's thesis studied the island of Martin Vaz and five seamounts of the Vitoria-Trindade Ridge - Columbia, Dogaressa, Davis, Jaseur and Montague. Martin Vaz is a group of islands formed by the main island - Martin Vaz, two steep and inaccessible islands - the North Island and South Island and several smaller rocks, as the Agulha Rock, around 48 km east of Trindade,making a total area of 0.3 km. Martin Vaz and seamounts belong to the Vitoria-Trindade Ridge,and are embedded in a context where the W-E regional tectonic trend suggests to represent the track of the Trindade mantle plume when the South American Plate passed on it since the Tertiary (Crough et al. 1980; O'Connor & DUNCAN, 1990, Gibson et at. 1997). The petrography of the samples indicates that the basanites in Martin Vaz are partially altered, melanocratic,aphanitic texture, porous, presenting vesicles around 1.0 to 5.0 millimeters. Displays phenocrysts of pyroxene and some translucent olivine ranging from 1.0 to 3.0 millimeters. These basanitics samples are also described in the seamounts studied in this work and they are Columbia, Dogaressa, Davis, Jaseur and Montague seamounts. The main island has also phonolitic dikes and necks with altered oriented matrix featuring white sheet-like mineral (alkali feldspar) and purple (titanoaugite) beyond small opaques. Small aegerine-augite phenocrysts strongly pleocroic, which some have simple twinning and sometimes zoned. They presents extinction varying from X c &#8743; &#945; = 23 or 33. Kaersutite with poiquilitic texture (1.0 mm), tiny crystals of euhedral titanite (rare), and isotropic crystals pseudohexagonais altered nosean and carbonates are also observed The samples used in this study have minimum value of 33.91 wt% SiO2 (TRIM-01D) and a maximum of 52.2wt% (AMM-01) ranging from basic to ultrabasic. Through analysis of the oxides SiO2 and MgO is possible to distinguish two groups of rocks to Martin Vaz: an ultramafic magnesium (<42% SiO2 and> 7% MgO) and one basic (> 45% SiO2) and for seamounts, two groups: an ultramafic magnesium (> 9% MgO <42% SiO2) and one basic (> 45% SiO2 and MgO values around 4%). Ar-Ar Analyses for four samples of Martin Vaz present ages to basanites varying from 320 366 Ka (MVA-10) to 623 127 Ka (MVA-04). A single sample representing the phonolite dike dated is the MVA-05B and obtained age of 649 84 ka,indicating to be contemporary with basanite extrusion.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Este trabalho de mestrado estudou a ilha de Martin Vaz e cinco montes submarinos da Cadeia Vitória-Trindade Columbia, Dogaressa, Davis, Jaseur e Montague. Martin Vaz é um conjunto de ilhas formado pela ilha principal - Martin Vaz, duas ilhotas íngremes e inacessíveis - a Ilha do Norte e a Ilha do Sul além de vários rochedos menores, como o Rochedo Agulha, espalhados a 48 km a leste de Trindade, perfazendo uma área total de 0,3 km. Martin Vaz, assim como os montes submarinos, pertencem a chamada Cadeia Vitória-Trindade, estão inseridos em um contexto tectônico regional cujo trend W-E sugere representar o track da pluma mantélica de Trindade quando da passagem da Placa Sul Americana sobre ela desde o Terciário (CROUGH et al., 1980; OCONNOR & DUNCAN, 1990, GIBSON et at., 1997). A petrografia das amostras de Martin Vaz indica haver basanitos parcialmente alteradas, melanocráticas, textura afanítica, porosas, apresentando vesículas em torno de 1,0-5,0 milímetros. Apresenta fenocristais de piroxênio além de alguns fenocristais de olivina verde-oliva translúcido variando de 1,0-3,0 milímetros. A ilha principal apresenta também diques e necks fonolíticos apresentando matriz microlítica alterada, orientada, de cor verde apresentando minerais ripiformes de cor branca (feldspato alcalino) e outros de cor violácea (titanoaugita) além de pequenos opacos. Pequenos fenocristais de aegerina-augita fortemente pleocroica, alguns apresentando geminação simples, por vezes zonado, apresenta extinção variando de c &#8743; &#945; ou X = 23 a 33 (medida de 10 grãos). Biotita laranja amarronzada com textura poiquilítica (1,0 mm), minúsculos cristais euédricos de titanita (raros), além de cristais pseudohexagonais isotrópicos alterados de analcita e carbonatos. As amostras utilizadas neste trabalho de mestrado possuem valor mínimo de 33.91 % SiO2 (TRIM-01D) e máximo de 52,2 (MVA-01) variando de ultrabásicas a básicas. Através da análise dos óxidos SiO2 e MgO é possível distinguir dois grupos de rochas para Martin Vaz: um ultramáfico magnesiano (<42% SiO2 e >7% MgO) e um básico (>45% SiO2) e, para os montes submarinos, dois grupos: um ultramáfico magnesiano (>9% MgO <42% SiO2) e um básico (>45% SiO2 e com valores de MgO em torno de 4%). As análises de Ar-Ar para as quatro amostras de Martin Vaz apresentam idades para o derrame de basanito variando de 320366 Ka (MVA-10) à 623127 Ka (MVA-04). A única amostra datada representando do dique de fonólito é a MVA-05B e obteve idade de 64984 Ka, indicando ser contemporânea ao derrame basanítico. / This master's thesis studied the island of Martin Vaz and five seamounts of the Vitoria-Trindade Ridge - Columbia, Dogaressa, Davis, Jaseur and Montague. Martin Vaz is a group of islands formed by the main island - Martin Vaz, two steep and inaccessible islands - the North Island and South Island and several smaller rocks, as the Agulha Rock, around 48 km east of Trindade,making a total area of 0.3 km. Martin Vaz and seamounts belong to the Vitoria-Trindade Ridge,and are embedded in a context where the W-E regional tectonic trend suggests to represent the track of the Trindade mantle plume when the South American Plate passed on it since the Tertiary (Crough et al. 1980; O'Connor & DUNCAN, 1990, Gibson et at. 1997). The petrography of the samples indicates that the basanites in Martin Vaz are partially altered, melanocratic,aphanitic texture, porous, presenting vesicles around 1.0 to 5.0 millimeters. Displays phenocrysts of pyroxene and some translucent olivine ranging from 1.0 to 3.0 millimeters. These basanitics samples are also described in the seamounts studied in this work and they are Columbia, Dogaressa, Davis, Jaseur and Montague seamounts. The main island has also phonolitic dikes and necks with altered oriented matrix featuring white sheet-like mineral (alkali feldspar) and purple (titanoaugite) beyond small opaques. Small aegerine-augite phenocrysts strongly pleocroic, which some have simple twinning and sometimes zoned. They presents extinction varying from X c &#8743; &#945; = 23 or 33. Kaersutite with poiquilitic texture (1.0 mm), tiny crystals of euhedral titanite (rare), and isotropic crystals pseudohexagonais altered nosean and carbonates are also observed The samples used in this study have minimum value of 33.91 wt% SiO2 (TRIM-01D) and a maximum of 52.2wt% (AMM-01) ranging from basic to ultrabasic. Through analysis of the oxides SiO2 and MgO is possible to distinguish two groups of rocks to Martin Vaz: an ultramafic magnesium (<42% SiO2 and> 7% MgO) and one basic (> 45% SiO2) and for seamounts, two groups: an ultramafic magnesium (> 9% MgO <42% SiO2) and one basic (> 45% SiO2 and MgO values around 4%). Ar-Ar Analyses for four samples of Martin Vaz present ages to basanites varying from 320 366 Ka (MVA-10) to 623 127 Ka (MVA-04). A single sample representing the phonolite dike dated is the MVA-05B and obtained age of 649 84 ka,indicating to be contemporary with basanite extrusion.

L’évolution tardive du Domaine Sud Armoricain (segment de la chaîne Varisque Ouest Européenne), se traduit par un effondrement gravitaire de la croûte préalablement épaissie dans un contexte tectonique extensif. Cette extension s’accompagne, dans tout le domaine, d’une fusion partielle de la croûte moyenne à inférieure et de l’exhumation des roches métamorphiques issues de niveaux crustaux profonds. L’approche pluridisciplinaire conduite dans cette étude permet de proposer un calendrier précis de la fusion crustale et d’étudier les mécanismes de la déformation responsable de l’exhumation de la croûte moyenne à inférieure. Une des démarches adoptées associe l’identification structurale et cinématique précise des témoins de l’étirement et leur datation multiméthodes (U-Th/Pb sur monazite, et A/Ar sur micas). Dans la partie occidentale du Domaine Sud Armoricain, cette approche permet ainsi de documenter un continuum de déformation extensive durant plus de 20 Ma, qui accompagne en partie l’exhumation des roches de haut grade qui elle, se développe entre 325 Ma et 300 Ma. L’étude géophysique, combinant ASM et gravimétrie, permet en outre de caractériser la structure interne et la géométrie en profondeur du complexe granitique de Carnac, dont la mise en place apparaît être le témoin du stade le plus précoce de ce continuum. La fusion partielle des migmatites et la mise en place des plutons granitiques, interprétées à la fois comme le moteur et la conséquence de l’étirement et de l’exhumation, est estimée entre 335 Ma et 320 Ma. Cette anatexie généralisée apparaît synchrone à l’échelle de tout le domaine, ce qui permet un regard nouveau sur les stades tardi-orogéniques du Domaine Sud Armoricain. L’étude de la déformation extensive et de l’exhumation dans les portions occidentale et orientale, met en évidence des contrastes de style tectonique, suggérant une exhumation plus importante des parties orientales du Domaine Sud Armoricain. / The late-orogenic evolution of the South Armorican Domain (West European Variscan Belt), 0is characterized by a gravitational collapse of the thickened crust in an extensional tectonic setting. In the entire domain, this stage is coeval with a generalized crustal melting of the middle to lower crust, and with the exhumation of the deep metamorphic rocks. This multidisciplinary study allows us to put geochronological constraints on the crustal partial melting events and to analyse the deformation mechanisms responsible for the exhumation of the metamorphic rocks. One of the scientific approaches was to combine the structural and kinematic analyses of the extensional deformation, and their dating (monazite U-Th/Pb chemical and mica Ar/Ar methods). In a western part of the South Armorican Domain, this approach allows us to highlight a continuum of deformation of 20 Ma, coeval with the metamorphic rocks exhumation between 325 Ma and 300 Ma. The geophysical study of the Carnac granitic complex, using ASM and gravity surveys, allows us to define the internal structure of the granite and its deep geometry. The emplacement of this granitic complex is interpreted as the marker of the earliest stage of the extensional continuum. The migmatite partial melting and the emplacement of granitic plutons, interpreted both as the triggering factor and as the consequence of the crustal stretching and of the exhumation, is estimated between 335 Ma and 320 Ma. This generalized anatexis, synchronous in the entire domain, provides a renewed view on the late-orogenic evolution of the South Armorican Domain. The structural study of the extensional deformation and the exhumation processes in the western and eastern parts argue for contrasted tectonics, suggesting a most important exhumation in the eastern parts of the South Armorican Domain.

Les mécanismes d’exhumation des roches de haute-pression basse-température (HP-BT) au sein des zones de subduction sont nombreux, complexes et toujours activement débattus. L’étude des zones de subduction fossiles permet alors de mieux comprendre ces mécanismes, montrant notamment que l’exhumation des roches métamorphiques HP-BT est en grande partie accommodée le long de zones de cisaillement ductiles d’échelle crustale. Ce travail de thèse vise à contraindre la géométrie, la cinématique et la durée de l’histoire tectono-métamorphique des roches de HP-BT du complexe de subduction des Schistes Bleus Cycladiques située en Grèce. Un des objectifs est de contraindre, à différentes échelles, le calendrier de la localisation de la déformation au cours de l’exhumation dans le but de mieux comprendre le comportement mécanique des zones de subduction. Trois méthodes principales d’investigation ont été utilisées : i) une étude de terrain permettant de caractériser la géométrie, la cinématique et la distribution de la déformation, montrant notamment une localisation progressive de la déformation vers la base de l’unité des Schistes Bleus Cycladiques au cours de l’exhumation et le long de zones de cisaillement, ii) des outils de pétrologie métamorphique permettant de contraindre l’évolution P-T des roches métamorphiques au sein de la zone de subduction, et iii) des datations ⁴⁰AR/³⁹AR afin de déterminer le calendrier de l’histoire tectono-métamorphique des Schistes Bleus Cycladiques et de la localisation de la déformation au sein de zones de cisaillement d’échelle kilométrique à millimétrique associées à des degrés de rétromorphose variés. Une corrélation nette est clairement observée entre l’intensité de la déformation, le degré de rétromorphose et les âges les plus jeunes. Un des résultats de ce travail est que la préservation à l’affleurement d’éclogites et schistes bleus n’implique pas forcément une exhumation rapide. En effet, nos résultats suggèrent que l’unité des Schistes Bleus Cycladiques a enregistré une histoire d’exhumation longue d’environ 30 Ma. Le taux d’exhumation n’est donc pas le seul paramètre contrôlant le degré de rétromorphose des unités HP-BT, la remontée le long d’un gradient métamorphique froid dans le canal de subduction et la localisation progressive de la déformation ductile au cours de l’exhumation étant également des facteurs majeurs. / Exhumation mechanisms of high-pressure low-temperature (HP-LT) metamorphic rocks in subduction zones are complex and actively discussed. The study of fossilized subduction zones allows a better comprehension of these mechanisms, showing that exhumation of HP-LT rocks is mainly accommodated along crustal-scale ductile shear zones. This study aims at constraining the geometry, the kinematic and the timing of the tectonometamorphic history of the HP-LT Cycladic Blueschist Unit (CBU) cropping out in Greece. A main objective is to constrain the timing of strain localization at different scales during exhumation to better understand the mechanical behaviour of subduction zones. Three principal methods of investigation have been used, including i) a structural fieldwork that allows to characterize the geometry, the kinematic and the distribution of deformations, highlighting progressive strain localization during exhumation toward the base of the CBU and along shear zones, ii) a metamorphic petrology study aiming at determining the P-T evolution of the CBU, and iii) ⁴⁰AR/³⁹AR dating used to constrain the timing of the tectonometamorphic evolution of the CBU and the timing of strain localization within kilometre- to millimetre-scale shear zones showing different degrees of retrogression. We observe an obvious correlation between the intensity of finite deformation, the degree of retrogression and youngest mica ages. A major result of this thesis work is that the preservation of eclogite and blueschist-facies rocks does not necessarily imply fast exhumation rates. Our results instead suggest that the exhumation history of the CBU is relatively long, spanning over ca. 30 Ma. Consequently, it appears that the exhumation rate is not the main parameter controlling the degree of retrogression of HP-LT metamorphic rocks in the CBU compared to progressive strain localization during exhumation along a cold retrograde P-T evolution within the subduction channel.

Submitted by Igor Matos (igoryure.rm@gmail.com) on 2017-01-30T14:59:12Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISS_2015_Rafael Ferreira Cabreira.pdf: 1662408 bytes, checksum: eba901ea51515fd51f155205fea4ac48 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Jordan (jordanbiblio@gmail.com) on 2017-01-30T15:37:14Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DISS_2015_Rafael Ferreira Cabreira.pdf: 1662408 bytes, checksum: eba901ea51515fd51f155205fea4ac48 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-30T15:37:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISS_2015_Rafael Ferreira Cabreira.pdf: 1662408 bytes, checksum: eba901ea51515fd51f155205fea4ac48 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-27 / CNPq / O Grupo Campanário situa-se no Terreno Rio Apa, Sul do Cráton Amazônico, município de Porto Murtinho (MS). Representa uma unidade essencialmente siliciclástica formada por camadas de metaparaconglomerado quartzoso oligomítico matriz suportado, seguido por muscovita metarenito, quartzito com estratos plano-paralelos, quartzo-muscovita xisto e filito laminado cinza-esverdeados. Estas rochas mantém contato por discordância erosiva e tectônica com rochas do embasamento, sendo comum zonas de cisalhamentos de baixo mergulho lançarem as supracrustais sobre os granitoides do embasamento. Três fases deformacionais afetaram essas rochas, todos de caráter compressivo; A primeira (F1) causou o dobramento (D1) e transposição parcial do acamamento sedimentar (S0), adotando a mesma orientação da foliação S1. Estas dobras (D1) são apertadas, isoclinais a recumbentes, de eixo preferencialmente N-S sub-horizontal. Gerou também foliação plano-axial (S1) de atitude 97/44. Observa-se paragênese marcada pela coexistência de muscovita, biotita, sericita e clorita, indicando metamorfismo da fácies xisto verde, zona da biotita. As deformações subsequentes originaram duas clivagens de crenulação, a última incipiente; todavia, estas rochas ainda guardam registro de estruturas sedimentares, como estratificação e laminação plano-paralela e cruzadas tabular e acanalada. Análises Ar-Ar em muscovitas indicam fechamento do sistema Ar em 1.3 Ga, referente à primeira deformação (F1) imposta. Datações U-Pb LA-MP-ICP-MS em zircões detríticos indicam forte contribuição dos granitoides estaterianos-orosirianos e dos gnaisses do embasamento, além de idade máxima de sedimentação em 1.7 Ga. Estas rochas já tiveram diversas denominações e posições estratigráficas, todavia, feições de campo e estratigráficas, bem como análises estruturais e deformacionais aqui relatadas indicam unidade distinta, ainda não descrita no Brasil / The Campanario sequence is located in the Rio Apa Terrain, south of the Amazonian Craton, municipality of Porto Murtinho (MS). Is an essentially siliciclastic unit formed by layers of quartzitc metaparaconglomerate matrix supported, followed by muscovite metarenite, quartzite with parallel beds, quartz-muscovite schist and gray-green laminate phyllite. This rock maintains contact by erosive and tectonic disagreement with basement rocks, with common areas of low shear diving launch the supracrustal above the granitic basement. Three deformational phases affected these rocks, all of compressive character; the first (F1) caused the folding (D1) and partial transposition of the sedimentary layering (S0), adopting the same orientation of the foliation S1. These folds (D1) are tight, the isoclinal recumbent, preferably N-S sub-horizontal axis. Also generated foliation axial-plane (S1) attitude 97/44. It is observed paragenesis marked by the coexistence of muscovite, biotite, sericite and chlorite, indicating greenschist facies metamorphism, on biotite zone. Subsequent cleavage deformations originated two crenulation, the last incipient; however, these rocks still keep record of sedimentary structures such as stratification and a parallel lamination and cross-tabular and slotted. Ar-Ar analyzes indicate muscovites lock Air system at 1.3 Ga on the first deformation (F1). U-Pb dating LA-MP-ICP-MS in detrital zircons indicate strong contribution of estaterian-orosirian granitoids and gneisses of the basement, and maximum sedimentation age of 1.7 Ga. These rocks had different names and stratigraphic positions, however, field features, stratigraphic and structural/deformation analyzes reported here indicate distinct unit, not yet described in Brazil

The North Atlantic Caledonides are a continent-continent collision type orogeny found in WesternScandinavia, Svalbard, Greenland and the British Isles. They are thought to have formed as a result of a complex history consisting of repeated ocean opening and closure. The tectonostratigraphy of the Scandinavian Caledonides consists of four allochthons that overlay the crystalline, autochthonous basement. The allochthons are thought to have been transported hundreds of kilometers eastward during the Scandian collision.To investigate the complex history of the Scandinavian Caledonides, a scientific drilling initiative called the Collisional Orogeny in the Scandinavian Caledonides (COSC) project began in 2014. The first phase of the project was to drill a borehole to approximately 2500m depth, to sample a thick section of the Lower Seve Nappe of the Middle Allochthon, as well as the underlying thrust zone.The current hypothesis is that the Middle Seve Nappe has been juxtaposed with the Lower Seve Nappe while still in the subduction channel. Both Seve nappes were emplaced onto the underlying units somewhat later. To test this hypothesis, Rb-Sr dating and Ar-Ar dating has been conducted on white and dark mica found in samples taken from the shear zones. Rb-Sr dating yielded an age of 413 ± 12 Ma and Ar-Ar dating yielded an average age of 424.1± 2.9 Ma. Since the Rb-Sr and Ar-Ar ages overlap, it is interpreted that the crystallization age of the samples is recorded in both cases. Likely, the rocks cooled rather quickly, resulting in a negligible difference in Rb-Sr and Ar-Ar ages. Comparing these results to previous age dating work completed in the same area illustrate a complex subduction/exhumation history. At c. 455 Ma, the Middle and Lower Seve nappes were subducted beneath an island arc and peak pressure metamorphic conditions were reached. Shortly afterwards,exhumation of the subducted sheet began, as a result of the buoyancy of the subducted crust, as well as tectonic under pressure caused by wedge extraction. At c. 424 Ma, the Middle Seve was juxtaposed over the Lower Seve while still in the subduction channel, and at c. 424 - 421.2 Ma both the Middle and Lower Seve nappes were exhumed and transported eastward, where they were thrust above the underlying Särv Nappe and Lower Allochthon, creating the lower shear zone which is the focus of this study. Data from this study will help to establish a coherent model of mid-Palaeozoic mountain building, and provide insight on how this mountain chain, as well as its Himalaya-Tibet analogue have formed. / Den kaledoniska bergskedjan är en kontinent-kontinent kollison orogenes som återfinns i västra Skandinavien, Svalbard, Grönland och på de brittiska öarna. Bergskedjan har formats som ett resultat av en komplicerad historia av repeterad öppning och stängning av Iapetushavet. Skandinaviska kaledoniderna består av fyra allochthoner som täcker urberggrunden. Allochthonerna tros ha blivit transporterade hundratals kilometer i östlig riktning under den Skandiska kollisionen.För att kunna utreda den komplicerade historia som de skandinaviska Kaledoniderna har så har ett borrningsprojekt tagits fram under år 2014 med namnet “Collisional Orogeny in the Scandinavian Caledonides” (COSC). Det första skedet i projektet var att borra ett 2500 meter djupt borrhål för att ta prover från den undre Seveskollan som belägen i den mellersta allochthonen, samt den underliggande överskjutningszonen.Hypotesen är att den mellersta Seveskollan har placerats intill den undre Seveskollan då de befann sig i en subduktionskanal. Både mellersta och undre Seveskollan har placerats uppepå den underliggande bergsenheten något senare. För att testa hypotesen har Rb-Sr och Ar-Ar datering utförts på prover med vitt glimmer som tagits från skjuvzonen. Kompositionskartor av vitt glimmer påvisar inga uppenbara tecken på zonation, vilket innebär att glimmerkornen nyligen bildats eller omkristalliserats under skjuvning. Rb-Sr dateringen gav en ålder på 413 ± 12 miljoner år och Ar-Ar dateringen gav en ålder på424.1 ± 2.9 miljoner år. Detta tolkas som åldern på de omkristalliserade glimmerkornen.Resultatet har jämförts med tidigare åldersdateringar i samma område och påvisar en komplicerad subduktionshistoria. För 460 miljoner år sedan subducerade mellersta och undre Seveskollan under en öbåge. För ungefär 440 miljoner år började upplyftandet av de subducerade skollorna som ett resultat av bärkraften av den subducerande jordskorpan, även av tektoniska rörelser orsakad av en kilutdragning. För 424 miljoner år sedan blev mellersta Seveskollan placerad ovanpå undre Seveskollan när de befann sig i subduktionskanalen. Slutligen, för cirka 415 miljoner år sedan blev både den mellersta och undre Seveskollan upplyfta och transporterade i östlig riktning där de skjuvade över den underliggande Särvskollan och den undre allochthonen.Data från denna studie kommer att bidra till skapandet av en följdriktig modell av den mitt-Paleozoiskabergskedjebildningen  och