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This thesis is a case study of a cultural institution located in Paris, France, namely the Arab World Institute. It strives to identify the various political and ideological discourses that manifest themselves throughout the Institute's history. The Institute's mission is to bridge the two cultures, Arab and European. It is a particularly interesting case study because of its problematic status which lies somewhere between the imperatives of local policies and those inherent to the international arena. / The first chapter is a presentation of the institute, its history and its mission. It also dwells upon the local French political scene and the relations between France and the Arab world. It also offers a brief overview of the political and social realities of the Arab world. / Chapter two is an introduction to the particularities of the French cultural landscape. It looks at the historical and social movement towards the democratization of culture, specifically through the transformation of the museum and of cultural institutions as a whole. / Chapter three aims at identifying the repercussions of the French cultural policies on the Institute's functioning. The perceived failure of these policies is confronted with the official discourse surrounding the Institute. / Chapter four is a mapping of the different discourses that manifest themselves through the Institute. The multiplicity of the discourses and the discrepancies of their proclaimed objectives are understood to be at the source of the malfunctioning of the Institute. / This thesis does not attempt at finding solutions to the many problems of the Arab World Institute. It is rather an excavation work that aims at bringing forth some of the issues that could be explored while attempting at finding a resolution to the ailments of the Institute.

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This dissertation analyzes the political leadership crisis and the violations of human rights in the Arab countries during the period 1970 to 1990. The main purposes of this study could be briefly summarized as follows: (1) to explore scientifically whether there is a political leadership crisis in the Arab World; (2) to explore the concept of political leadership, i.e., what constitutes political leadership, what are its necessary requirements, and what differentiates it from dictatorship; and (3) to examine the effects of political leadership in the Arab countries upon the violation of human rights.

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This dissertation is the result of an interest in the description of al-Yaman and the Hadramawt found in medieval Arabic texts. These texts have never been translated into English to any important degree, and this research represents therefore a pioneer effort. The dissertation begins with an overview, a summary of how medieval Arabic geography began and developed through the influences of Greek, Indian, and Iranian thought to the classical period of Arabic geography and subsequently declined into an age of compilation. This is followed up by a section on the life and works of each author, how the work here translated fits into his career, and how each work relates to the knowledge and information available to that author in his contemporary learned society. The main part of the dissertation deals with the translations themselves. Selections of the important texts are presented to reveal the context of the major geographical themes described. The last major section focuses upon the major themes in the translations. The significance of what information emerges from the texts is analyzed and those elements appearing in each author's work that give it unique importance are discussed.

The relationship between stock market development and economic growth has been an important issue of debate. A well functioning stock market can affect economic growth through the channelling of more saving to investment and the improvement of capital productivity with efficient allocation of resources. This contrasts with the view that stock market development has little relevance, or is even unimportant, to real economic activity. In this respect, the majority of the empirical studies are concerned with advanced markets and developed emerging markets, and none exist for Arab markets. The argument of this study is that economic growth is a function of stock market development and economic reform indicators, with the main determinants of growth as the control variables set. The study considered a comprehensive theoretical framework that linked stock market development to economic growth. It presented a comparative assessment on macroeconomic level and stock market development indicators for the Arab countries with the East Asia-Pacific countries and the G-7 economies. The most important finding indicated that Arab stock markets have no significant effect on economic growth due to the lack of transparency and illiquidity that limit the effectiveness of these markets in the economy. In contrast, the results from the East Asia-Pacific countries and the G-7 economies suggested that stock market development has a significant effect on, and is positively correlated with, economic growth. / Doctor of Philosophy (Economics and Finance) (PhD)

This thesis defines the role played by Mustafa Kamil in the development of the nationalist movement in Egypt. It is shown that his importance lay in having revived a spirit of patriotism among his countrymen at a time when the nationalist movement seemed to have become extinct following the British occupation of Egypt. He also promoted the idea of Pan-Islamism with the sole object of safeguarding Egypt's independence.