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This dissertation provides an examination of the recent phenomenon of entrepreneurship and innovation promotion in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries. Through the use of the structured, focused comparison method, this research examines two cases, Oman and Qatar, to provide a deep analysis of the policy and practice of entrepreneurship promotion in the region. Despite a claim of responding to regional challenges of economic diversification and the weak participation of nationals in the private sector, entrepreneurship as a key component of each country???s quest for a knowledge economy seems paradoxical in its ostensible inconsistency with the Gulf rentier state status quo. Path dependencies from oil-led development and the concomitant labour market bifurcation have perpetuated incentive structures which obstruct innovation and entrepreneurialism. Responding to this puzzle, this research answers two questions. The first is concerned with the character and motivation of these strategies in the Gulf, and what that reveals about the evolution of policy making practices. The second assesses the role of the millennial generation and regional transformation. Through interrogating the entrepreneurship policy experience in the case studies, this research extends beyond the often perfunctory assumptions of rentier state literature to investigate the unfolding of development policies in the current milieu. This research finds that entrepreneurship promotion risks only becoming a new way of recasting rentier tools: rentierism 2.0. The study argues that governance in the Gulf is best understood as a contestation between reforms and rentier patterns. Being cognizant of this tension provides a venue for understanding how some policies contravene classic rentier expectations while others appear hypocritical as the implementation of policy announcements become obstructed by structural contradictions. This dissertation makes an empirical contribution on a prominent policy shift in the Gulf that has been largely ignored in social sciences. As well, it provides a theoretical contribution by integrating literature on development and innovation which is generally disconnected from scholarly work on Gulf political economy to deepen understandings of development and transition in the region. Overall, this project provides a window into transition and transformation, demonstrating the way rentier patterns and a combination of novel pressures interact and affect the practices of development policy making and the Gulf ruling bargain.

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The Saudi taʿawuni insurance model, despite claiming to be compatible with Islamic transactional rules, in fact violates the prohibition of gharar (risk) through its commercial structure. The study investigates the ways in which gharar (risk) is accommodated in modern insurance models. It argues that the most appropriate solution to comply with the doctrine of gharar, is to de-commercialize the taʿawuni model by adopting the mutual insurance model, which is capable of satisfying the requirements of sharia relating to the prohibition of trading in gharar

Thesis (M.A. in Security Studies (Middle East, South Asia, Sub-Saharan Africa))--Naval Postgraduate School, June 2010. / Thesis Advisor(s): Hafez, Mohammed M. ; Second Reader: Springborg, Robert. "June 2010." Description based on title screen as viewed on July 14, 2010. Author(s) subject terms: Yemen, al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula, Terrorism, Weak States. Includes bibliographical references (p. 89-95). Also available in print.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:31:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-10-04Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:01:33Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 pereira_mc_dr_jabo.pdf: 921478 bytes, checksum: 698086986ba2ba3534e64792606415a9 (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Avaliou-se por meio de variáveis preditivas de desempenho (lactato - Lact; frequência cardíaca - FC e glicose - Glic) e alterações na bioquímica sérica (BQS), hematimetria (Hemat) e leucometria (Leucom), a influência da administração do dipropionato de imidocarb (imizol® - IMZ) em equinos Puro Sangue Árabe portadores de Teileriose assintomática diagnosticados pelo método nested-PCR. Na primeira etapa, os equinos foram divididos em dois grupos (Theileria positivo TP, n=6 e Theileria negativo TN, n=5), e as variáveis aferidas durante dois testes progressivos de velocidade em esteira no interstício de dez dias. Nesse intervalo, administrou-se IMZ (2,4mg/Kg, IM, uma vez ao dia durante dois dias) iniciando 24hs após o 1º teste. Tukey (p 0,05). Para o limiar de lactato, observou-se diferença significativa apenas entre os grupos (TP e TN) durante o 1º teste. O limiar glicêmico e as FC’s (V150 e V180) mantiveram-se sem alterações significantes. Na segunda etapa, um grupo controle (CT, n=11), e posteriormente, após exame nested-PCR, dois grupos tratados (Theileria positivo TP, n=6 e Theileria negativo TN, n=5), foram acompanhados durante 40 dias por meio de BQS, Hemat e Leucom. Os grupos tratados receberam duas doses de IMZ (2,4mg/Kg, IM, uma vez ao dia durante dois dias) dias 2 e 3 e outras duas doses dias 31 e 32. Nos dias 1 e 10, realizou-se teste incremental. As variáveis Hemat mensuradas nos dias 1, 10 e 40 não apresentaram diferença estatística relevante (P 0,05) em relação ao controle. Creatina quinase (CK) e aspartato aminotransferase (AST) diferiram em relação ao controle, principalmente após as doses de IMZ. As mensurações de gama glutamil transferase (GGT) e uréia (UR) diferiram em relação ao controle após a 1ª e 2ª doses. A fosfatase (FA) (TP, TN) apresentou aumento em relação ao grupo... / The influence of imidocarb dipropionate (imizol®) in Arabian horses with subclinical Theileriosis diagnosed by nested-PCR method was evaluated using predictive performance variables (lactate - Lact; heart rate - HR and blood glucose - BG), serum biochemistry, red and white blood cell count. In the first phase, horses were splited into two groups after nested-PCR measurement (T. equi positive TP, n=6, and T. equi negative TN, n=5). The variables were measured during two treadmill tests with ten days of interval between the first and second test. 2.4 mg/kg IM one injection every 24 hours over two days was administered starting 24 hours after the 1st test, and the results compared by Tukey test (p 0.05). Regarding the lactate threshold, there was only statistical difference during the 1st day of comparison. BG and HR(V150 and V180) remained without significant changes during the two speed tests. In the second phase, a control group (CT, n = 11), and later, based on nested-PCR test, two treated groups (Theileria positive TP, n = 6 and Theileria negative TN, n = 5), were followed for 40 days through biochemical analysis of muscle, kidney, liver and hematology (white and red blood cell count). The treated groups received two doses of IMZ (2.4 mg/kg IM one injection every 24 hours over two days) days 2 and 3 and two more doses after 30 days (day 31 and 32). In the days 1 and 10, all animals underwent a progressive speed test. The hematological and leukocyte variables showed no statistical difference (P>0.05) compared to control. Measurements of creatine kinase (CK) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity showed significant changes compared to control, especially after the dosages of IMZ. Measurements of gamaglutamil transferase (GGT) activity and (UR) showed significant difference compared to control after... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Orientador: Antonio de Queiroz Neto / Banca: Guilherme de Camargo Ferraz / Banca: Ana Paula Delgado da Costa / Banca: Flora Helena de Freitas D'Angelis / Banca: Antônio Raphael Teixeira Neto / Resumo: Avaliou-se por meio de variáveis preditivas de desempenho (lactato - Lact; frequência cardíaca - FC e glicose - Glic) e alterações na bioquímica sérica (BQS), hematimetria (Hemat) e leucometria (Leucom), a influência da administração do dipropionato de imidocarb (imizol® - IMZ) em equinos Puro Sangue Árabe portadores de Teileriose assintomática diagnosticados pelo método nested-PCR. Na primeira etapa, os equinos foram divididos em dois grupos (Theileria positivo TP, n=6 e Theileria negativo TN, n=5), e as variáveis aferidas durante dois testes progressivos de velocidade em esteira no interstício de dez dias. Nesse intervalo, administrou-se IMZ (2,4mg/Kg, IM, uma vez ao dia durante dois dias) iniciando 24hs após o 1º teste. Tukey (p 0,05). Para o limiar de lactato, observou-se diferença significativa apenas entre os grupos (TP e TN) durante o 1º teste. O limiar glicêmico e as FC's (V150 e V180) mantiveram-se sem alterações significantes. Na segunda etapa, um grupo controle (CT, n=11), e posteriormente, após exame nested-PCR, dois grupos tratados (Theileria positivo TP, n=6 e Theileria negativo TN, n=5), foram acompanhados durante 40 dias por meio de BQS, Hemat e Leucom. Os grupos tratados receberam duas doses de IMZ (2,4mg/Kg, IM, uma vez ao dia durante dois dias) dias 2 e 3 e outras duas doses dias 31 e 32. Nos dias 1 e 10, realizou-se teste incremental. As variáveis Hemat mensuradas nos dias 1, 10 e 40 não apresentaram diferença estatística relevante (P 0,05) em relação ao controle. Creatina quinase (CK) e aspartato aminotransferase (AST) diferiram em relação ao controle, principalmente após as doses de IMZ. As mensurações de gama glutamil transferase (GGT) e uréia (UR) diferiram em relação ao controle após a 1ª e 2ª doses. A fosfatase (FA) (TP, TN) apresentou aumento em relação ao grupo... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The influence of imidocarb dipropionate (imizol®) in Arabian horses with subclinical Theileriosis diagnosed by nested-PCR method was evaluated using predictive performance variables (lactate - Lact; heart rate - HR and blood glucose - BG), serum biochemistry, red and white blood cell count. In the first phase, horses were splited into two groups after nested-PCR measurement (T. equi positive TP, n=6, and T. equi negative TN, n=5). The variables were measured during two treadmill tests with ten days of interval between the first and second test. 2.4 mg/kg IM one injection every 24 hours over two days was administered starting 24 hours after the 1st test, and the results compared by Tukey test (p 0.05). Regarding the lactate threshold, there was only statistical difference during the 1st day of comparison. BG and HR(V150 and V180) remained without significant changes during the two speed tests. In the second phase, a control group (CT, n = 11), and later, based on nested-PCR test, two treated groups (Theileria positive TP, n = 6 and Theileria negative TN, n = 5), were followed for 40 days through biochemical analysis of muscle, kidney, liver and hematology (white and red blood cell count). The treated groups received two doses of IMZ (2.4 mg/kg IM one injection every 24 hours over two days) days 2 and 3 and two more doses after 30 days (day 31 and 32). In the days 1 and 10, all animals underwent a progressive speed test. The hematological and leukocyte variables showed no statistical difference (P>0.05) compared to control. Measurements of creatine kinase (CK) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity showed significant changes compared to control, especially after the dosages of IMZ. Measurements of gamaglutamil transferase (GGT) activity and (UR) showed significant difference compared to control after... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

Orientador: Aguemi Kohayagawa / Banca: Regina Kiomi Takahira / Banca: Rogério Martins Amorim / Banca: Mara Regina Stipp Balarin / Banca: Paulo Cesar Ciarlini / Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos do exercício progressivo em esteira de alta velocidade, do treinamento e da suplementação com vitamina E no metabolismo do ferro e na lipoperoxidação eritrocitária em equinos Puro Sangue Árabe. Foram utilizados 16 animais, distribuídos em dois grupos: controle (GC=8) e suplementado com vitamina E (GE=8) (1.000 U/animal/dia). Os equinos não treinados foram submetidos a uma prova de exercício progressivo (P1). Em seguida, foram treinados por 20 dias e submetidos a uma segunda prova de exercício (P2). O protocolo de exercício para as duas provas iniciou-se a 1,8m/s por 5 min, 4m/s por 3min, 6m/s por 2min seguido de fases de 1min em velocidades crescentes até que os animais conseguissem manter-se em exercício, com a esteira inclinada a +7%. Não houve influência da suplementação com vitamina E ou do treinamento no metabolismo do ferro. O ferro sérico aumentou imediatamente após o exercício por hemoconcentração e houve redução por sequestro após 6h, retornando aos valores basais em 24h. O exercício induziu "pseudoanemia" entre 6 a 120h após o exercício nos animais não treinados. Não houve alteração na concentração de ferritina sérica. O MDA eritrocitário basal foi maior nos animais treinados e houve maior produção in vitro de MDA eritrocitário nos animais suplementados. O MDA sérico aumentou 30min após o exercício e a concentração de vitamina E sérica não se alterou. Conclui-se que este protocolo de exercício promove alteração da dinâmica de distribuição do ferro, mas não altera o conteúdo total de ferro do organismo. A mensuração do MDA sérico é sensível para avaliar o estresse oxidativo induzido pelo exercício, porém o MDA eritrocitário basal é mais eficiente para avaliar o estresse do treinamento. A suplementação com vitamina E não impediu o estresse oxidativo. / Abstract: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of incremental exercise in high-speed treadmill, training and vitamin E supplementation on iron metabolism and erythrocyte lipoperoxidation in Arabian horses. Sixteen animals were distributed into two groups: control (GC=8) and supplemented with vitamin E (GE=8) (1,000 U/animal/day). The untrained horses were submitted to an incremental exercise trial (P1). Then, they were submitted to a 20 day training period and to a second incremental exercise trial (P2). Exercise protocol for two tests was started with 1.8m/s for 5 min, 4m/s for 3 min, 6m/s for 2 min and right after, periods of 1 min and challenging the equines with increasing speeds until the animals hasn't no condition to prolong the exercise. There was no influence of vitamin E supplementation or training on iron metabolism. Serum iron levels increased immediately after exercise due to hemoconcentration and there was a reduction by sequestration after 6 h, which returned to basal values in 24 h. The exercise induced a "pseudoanemia" 6 to 120 h after the exercise in untrained animals. There was no alteration in serum ferritin concentration. Basal erythrocyte MDA was higher in trained animals and there was major in vitro erythrocyte MDA production in supplemented animals. Serum MDA elevated 30 min after exercise and vitamin E concentration did not change. In conclusion, this exercise protocol promotes changes in iron distribution dynamic, but do not change the total iron containing in the organism. Serum MDA measurement is sensitive to evaluate the oxidative stress induced by exercise, however basal erythrocyte MDA is more efficient to evaluate training stress. Vitamin E supplementation not avoids oxidative stress. / Doutor