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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
41

An analysis of upwelling off the south-east Arabian coast during the summer monsoon

Bottero, J. S. 03 October 1968 (has links)
A method is described for determining the absolute dynamic topography of the sea surface. Using hydrographic and wind data obtained in 1963, the surface topography and the horizontal and vertical mass transports off the southeast Arabian coast during the summer monsoon are calculated. As indicated by the calculations, upwelling occurs throughout a region extending at least 400 km offshore and paralleling the Arabian coast for over 1000 km. Upwelling is most intense in a narrow band adjacent to the coast. Because of the great breadth of the upwelling zone, the upwelled water is supplied from levels considerably deeper than those observed elsewhere in coastal upwelling areas. / Graduation date: 1969
42

The Political Organization of an Arab Tribe of the Hadhramaut.

Hartley, John Gilbert. January 1961 (has links)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of London. / Includes bibliographical references.
43

Manh : the architecture, archaeology and social history of a deserted Omani settlement

Bandyopadhyay, Soumyen January 1998 (has links)
No description available.
44

An investigation of the financial and academic problems perceived by Saudi graduate students while they are studying in the United States /

Al-Shehry, Ali Maadi. January 1989 (has links)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Oregon State University, 1990. / Typescript (photocopy). Includes bibliography (leaves 145-150). Also available on the World Wide Web.
45

Digestibility and apparent mineral utilization by Arabian geldings fed alfalfa, tall fescue, and Caucasian bluestem /

Crozier, Jennifer Anderson, January 1994 (has links)
Thesis (M.S.)--Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1994. / Vita. Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 70-80). Also available via the Internet.
46

Die Integration Zentralafrikas in den Weltmarkt des 19. Jahrhunderts die sozioökonomische Entwicklung zentralafrikanischer Gesellschaften und ihre Anpassung an die Bedingungen des Handels mit Europa im Verlauf des 19. Jahrhunderts /

Koch, Renate, January 1974 (has links)
Thesis--Bonn. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 224-232).
47

Saudi students' expectations, motivations, and experiences at the University of Wisconsin-La Crosse /

Almotery, Abdulrhman. January 2009 (has links)
Thesis (M.Ed.)--University of Wisconsin -- La Crosse, 2009. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 82-88)
48

Caracterização fisico-quimica e estabilidade de suco de acerola verde microencapsulado por atomização e liofilização / Characterization green juice physicist-chemistry and stability of acerola microencapsulated by atomizaton and liofilização

Righetto, Andrea Mara 06 February 2003 (has links)
Orientador: Flavia Maria Netto / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-03T15:38:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Righetto_AndreaMara_D.pdf: 10238421 bytes, checksum: 93662e77f53fe2e459fa3a0a3895a2b7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2003 / Resumo: A acerola é uma fruta tropical, cujo principal atrativo é o alto teor de vitamina C que apresenta. O teor de vitamina C da fluta decresce com a maturação, mas não há estudos na literatura que explorem o potencial da acerola verde como matéria prima de produtos com alta concentração desta vitamina. O presente trabalho objetivou a produção, a caracterização físico-química e a verificação da estabilidade do suco de acerola verde microencapsulado por atomização e liofílização utilizando diferentes proporções de goma arábica e maltodextrina DE 20 como agentes encapsulantes. No início dos estudos caracterizou-se o suco de acerola verde concentrado, comparando-o ao suco de acerola verde e da acerola madura e verificou-se o potencial antioxidante dos três sucos. O suco de acerola verde concentrado apresentou a maior concentração de vitamina C, 4,9%, e compostos fenólicos, 9,2 mglg de suco. Os três sucos estudados apresentaram atividade antioxidante. O suco concentrado apresentou a maior atividade antioxidante, reduzindo em 57,2%.a oxidação do metillinolato.O suco de acerola madura diminuiu em 44,7% a oxidação do metil linolato, uma redução maior que a apresentada pelo suco de acerola verde, 28,1%. Não houve correlação entre o teor de fenóis totais nos sucos estudados e a atividade antioxidante. O alto teor de vitamina C bem como a alta atividade antioxidante do suco concentrado de acerola verde indicam que este produto pode ser uma matéria-prima interesante ara a elaboração de produtos com características de alimento funcional, , onde o sabor e o aroma característicos da fluta madura são dispensáveis. Com o objetivo de aumentar a estabilidade deste produto ao armazenamento, em especial da vitamina C, o suco da acerola verde foi microencapsulado utilizando-se dois processsos, liofilização e atomização. Maltodextrina DE 20 (M), goma arábica (G) e a mistura destes em diferentes proporções foram utilizadas como agentes encapsulantes. As diferentes formulações do material encapsulante resultaram em diferentes retenções de vitamina C, sendo que a formulação com maior proporção de maltodextrina apresentou a melhor retenção (37,5%M+12,5%G), 80%, e a menor retenção foi apresentada pela formulação com igual proporção de goma arábica e maltodextrina (25%M+25%G), 65%. A maior retenção de vitamina C, foi obtida no processo de atomização. As partículas produzidas por liofílização mostraram formas complexas e tamanhos variados devido à moagem a que os produtos foram submetidos. O processo de atomização produziu microcápsulas globosas com predomínio de superfícies rugosas e com paredes formadas por uma matriz sólida sem poros. As isotermas de sorção dos encapsulados obtidos por atomização e liofilização, nas temperaturas de 25°, 35° e 45°C mostraram uma faixa crítica de atividade de água, entre 0,33 e 0,43, onde todos os encapsulados, independente da formulação utilizada apresentaram modifícações físicas. Um maior escurecimento foi observado nos microencapsulados produzidos por liofilização e também nas formulações com predomínio de goma arábica. Os agentes encapsulantes estudados apresentaram temperaturas de transição vítrea (Tg) similares nas mesmas atividades de água (Aa), resultando em microencapsulados com temperaturas de transição vítrea também similares. Em Aa 0,43 a Tg dos microencapsulados foi próxima a temperatura ambiente. A formulação contendo L50%G apresentou a maior Tg, 34°C, enquanto as formulações 25%M+25%G e 50%M encapsulados por liofilização apresentaram as menores Tg, 26 e 25°C, respectivamente. O colapso dos microencapsulados foi observado em temperaturas 20° C acima da Tg. Os microencapsulados produzidos por atomização, que reuniram as melhores características fisico-químicas, 37,5%M+ 12,5%G, 37,5%G+ 12,5%M e 50%M, foram avaliados quanto à estabilidade ecomparados com ácido ascórbico sintético microencapsulado nas mesmas condições e com o suco de acerola liofilizado sem a adição de encapsulantes. Os encapsulados de ácido ascórbico sintético (AA) apresentaram retenção inicial de vitamina C entre 8 e 15% menor que os encapsulados do suco de acerola. A cinética de degradação da vitamina C nos encapsulados seguiu o modelo cinético de primeira ordem, enquanto o escurecimento não enzimático seguiu um modelo cinético de ordem zero.Ambas apresentaram um período lento, seguido por um período com reação com constante de velocidade maior. As constantes de velocidade, tanto para a reação de degradação da vitamina C quanto para o escurecimento enzimático, foram similares para todas as formulações dos agentes encapsulantes. As três formulações estudadas apresentaram comportamentos similares, proporcionando proteção ao ácido ascórbico sintético e também à vitamina C do suco de acerola verde. Em temperaturas mais elevadas, 35° e 45° C, no entanto, os microencapsulados de suco de acerola verde foram mais estáveis que os microencapsulados de ácido ascórbico sintético, sugerindo assim um efeito protetor dos compostos fenólicos presentes no suco à vitamina C. O estudo realizado demonstrou que o suco de acerola verde microencapsulado é uma produto interessante para ser utilizado como fonte natural de vitamina C e de compostos fenólicos / Abstract: During the maturation process, the vitamin C content decreases significantly, but there are no studies in which the unripe West Indian cherry was investigated as potential raw material for products with high content of vitamin C. The purpose of this research was to characterize the unripe West Indian cherry juice, and to produce and characterize microencapsulated unripe West Indian cherry juice produced out of spray and freeze drying, as well the use of different proportions of arabic gum and maltodextrin DE 20 as encapsulating agents. Unripe West 1ndian cherry concentrated juice, unripe West 1ndian cherry, and ripe West 1ndian cherry juice, were characterized and the antioxidant activity was studied. The unripe West 1ndian cherry concentrated juice presented the higher vitamin C concentration, 4,9%, and phenolics content, 9,2 mg/g of juice. The three juices studied presented antioxidant activity. The concentrated juice presented the highest antioxidant activity, reducing to 57,2% the methyl linoleate oxidation. No correlation was observed between the content of total phenolics the antioxidant activity. The unripe West 1ndian cherry concentrated juice showed characteristics, which are interesting for the elaboration of products with functional food characteristics. In order to improve the storage stability and protect the vitamin C, the unripe West 1ndian cherry juice was microencapsulated by freeze and spray drying, using maltodextrin DE 20 (M), arabic gum (G) and the mixture of both in different proportions, as coating material. Different coating material formulations resulted in different vitamin C retention for the both processes studied. The formulation with higher proportion of maltodextrin presented the best retention (37,5%M+ 12,5%G), 80%, and the lowest was presented by formulation with equal proportion of arabic gum and maltodextrin (25%M+25%G), 65%. The spray and freeze drying led to products with different morphological characteristics, as well with different vitamin C retention, the spray drying showed higher values than the freeze drying process. The spray drying process produced spherical microcapsules which have displayed dented surface and walls as solid matrix without voids. The moisture sorption isotherms determined at 25°, 35° and 45°C showed a critical water activity, between 0,33 and 0,43, where all the encapsulates presented physical modification. Browning was more intense in powders produced out of freeze drying and in formulations with prevalence of arabic gum. The both core material studied presented similar glass transition temperature (Tg), at the same water activity (Aw), hence the microencapsulated juice, independently of the core composition, showed a similar Tg. At Aw 0,43, all the microencapsulated studied showed Tg elose to ambient temperature. The formulation containing 50%G, presented the highest Tg, 34°C, while the 25%M+25%G formulation and 50%M encapsulated by freeze drying presented the lowest Tg, 26 and 25° C, respectively. The collapse of microencapsulates was observed at temperature 20°C above the Tg. The stability of the microencapsulated juice produced out of spray drying, which presented the best physical-chemical characteristics, 37,5%M+ 12,5%G, 37,5%G+ 12,5%M and 50%M, were evaluated and compared to synthetic microncapsulated ascorbic acid and with freeze dried West lndian cherry juice, at the same storage condition. The encapsulated synthetic acid ascorbic (AA) presented initial vitamin C retention between 8 and 15%, lower than the encapsulated unripe West lndian cherry juice. The kinetic of degradation of vitamin C in encapsulates followed first-order model, while the nonenzymatic browning a zero-order model. The different proportions of arabic gum and maltodextrin used as coating material resulted in similar rate constant, for the vitamin C degradation and for nonenzymatic browning. The three fonnulation tested, provided similar protection for the encapsulated synthetic ascorbic acid and also for the vitamin C of encapsulated unripe West lndian cherry juice At higher temperatures, 35° and 45° C, the encapsulated unripe West lndian cherry juice was more stable than the encapsulated synthetic ascorbic acid, suggesting a protective effect of phenolic compounds on vitamin C. The results indicated that microencapsulated unripe West Indian cherry juice is an interesting product to be used as natural source of vitamin C and phenolic compounds / Doutorado / Doutor em Ciência da Nutrição
49

Genetic variability of the whitefly Bemisia tabaci and its secondary endosymbionts in the Arabian Peninsula

Ragab, Alaa I. 05 1900 (has links)
The whitefly Bemisia tabaci species complex has been well documented as one of the most economically important emergent plant virus vectors, through serious feeding damage to its broad range of plant hosts and transmission of plant viruses to important agricultural crops. It has been shown to have associations with endosymbionts which have significant effects on the insect fitness. The purpose of this study was to provide information for the biotype and secondary endosymbiont distribution for B. tabaci populations in the relatively unstudied Arabian peninsula. The geographical localization and variation in endosymbiont populations across the region were identified using a sequence-driven analysis of the population genetics of the secondary endosymbiont. Live field specimens were collected from 22 different locations in the region and preserved in 70% ethanol for genetic studies. Previously established procedures were used to extract and purify total insect DNA from 24-30 individual whiteflies for each location (Frohlich et al., 1999; Chiel et al., 2007). Specimens were subjected to PCR amplification using the respective 16S rDNAprimers for the Rickettsia, Hamiltonella, and Wolbachia to amplify endosymbiont DNA. PCR was run with primers for the highly conserved whitefly mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) gene for biotyping. Samples were sequenced using the Sanger method and the data analyzed to correlate the presence, prevalence and geographical distribution of endosymbionts in B. tabaci. Phylogenies 5 were constructed to track evolutionary differences amongst the endosymbionts and insects and how they have influenced the evolution of the regional populations. Samples were characterized by differences in the genomes and endosymbionts of common whitefly ‘biotypes’ that have different host plant preferences, vector capacities and insecticide resistance characteristics. It was found that the B biotype is the predominant haplotype, with no evidence of the Q biotype. All endosymbionts were detected, with Hamiltonella as the most predominant. Several instances of co-infection by two or more endosymbionts were observed. Samples from the geographically isolated and mountainous region of Fayfa demonstrated higher genetic variability compared to the other locations, leading to the possible identification of a new haplotype, as well as the first time identification of the A biotype in the region.
50

An ecological study of reintroduced Arabian oryx in the ʻUruq Bani Maʻarid Protected Area of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Strauss, Willem Maartin. January 2003 (has links)
Thesis (M.S.)--University of Pretoria, 2003. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 228-250).

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