Originally presented as the author's Thesis (doctoral), Technische Univerisität Dresden, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references (p. xv-xxviii).

Thesis (M.A.)--City University of Hong Kong, 2005. / Title from title screen (viewed on 27 Mar. 2006) "Master of arts in arbitration and dispute resolution." Includes bibliographical references.

The figure of international arbitration is briefly defined as a method of conflict resolution in the international level, alternative to the Administration of Justice, emphasizing its neutrality, speed and confidentiality.This article shows the new challenges faced by arbitrators, in terms of choice, length of process and efficiency in decision making. In addition, it proposes nine solutions to improve arbitration performance and abbreviate the process of taking decisions. / La figura del arbitraje internacional, es definida brevemente como un método de resolución de conflictos en el ámbito internacional alternativo a la Administración de Justicia destacando su neutralidad, rapidez y confidencialidad.Este artículo pone de manifiesto los nuevos retos que afrontan los árbitros, en cuanto a la elección, duración del proceso y eficiencia en la toma de decisiones.Además, propone nueve soluciones para mejorar el desempeño arbitral y acortar la emisión de decisiones.

Modern commercial relations have been making their dynamics more complex over the years and have made of arbitration the best way of conflicts resolution. One of the most complex changes has been the addition of elements in national and international arbitration agreements. It is also of fundamental importance to define who are the parties involved in the arbitration, both parties involved and non-signatories.In this article, the author analyzes the figure of third parties who have not subscribed to the arbitration agreement in light of the Peruvian Arbitration Law.In addition, the author proposes solutions for its better regulation. / Las relaciones comerciales modernas han ido complejizando su dinámica a través de los años y hacen del arbitraje el medio de solución de controversias por excelencia. Uno de los cambios más complejos ha sido el agregado de elementos en los convenios arbitrales en el ámbito nacional e internacional que deben analizarse. Es, además, de relevancia fundamental definir quiénes son las partes que intervienen en el arbitraje, tanto las partes involucradas como los no-signatarios.En este artículo, el autor analiza la figura de los terceros que no hayan suscrito el convenio arbitral a la luz de la Ley Arbitral Peruana, además de proponer soluciones para su mejor regulación.

The theme of this thesis is the institute of arbitration in the Czech Republic. Arbitration is an institute enabling resolution of property disputes before an independent third. The result of an arbitration is publication of binding and enforceable arbitration award. Arbitration is a type of sui generis proceeding, meaning it differs both from the general court proceedings, as well as from other ADR methods. In this work I was mainly focused on a comprehensive analysis of Act no. 216/1994 Coll., on arbitration proceedings and enforcement of arbitral awards, in conjunction with the study of literature and case law. The thesis is divided into 9 chapters, which are further divided into subchapters. The thesis is further bounded by introduction and conclusion. The first chapter deals with the definition of arbitration and furthermore here we can find the characteristics, advantages and disadvantages, and explanations of theoretical concepts of arbitration. The second chapter focuses on the question of arbitrability of individual disputes. The third chapter examines in detail the process of conclusion of the arbitration agreement, including a description of requirements and division of arbitration agreements according to their nature. The fourth chapter deals with the figure of the arbitrator, the...

Resumé The theme of this thesis is Arbitration in the Czech Republic. I focus on the current regulation contained in the Act No. 216/1994 Coll., on arbitration and enforcement of arbitral awards. Arbitration is one of alternative dispute resolutions for and for which is typical extrajudicial proceeding with exclusion of the judicial authority. However is the subject of this thesis extensive and not all aspect of arbitration can be embraced; my goal is to try to give a complete look into arbitrations, which has become more often used method of resolution of property disputes. This thesis is divided into twelve main chapters, which are then systematically subdivided. The first chapter of these theses will try to define a term, types and a concept of arbitration in the Czech Republic with regard to the theoretical (contractual, jurisdictional, mixed and autonomous) doctrines. The second main chapter is dedicated to arbitrational agreement. I try to recognize two basic types of it, arbitration clause which is closed in the cases of any disputes from legal relationship between parties arising in the future and post- dispute arbitration agreement, which is, on the other hand, closed about disputes which have already arisen. Then I focus on the fundamental terms of the arbitration agreement, form of arbitration...

The purpose of this thesis is to provide a complex description of the conduct of the arbitration proceedings in the Czech Republic. Specifically with the focus on typical features that differ arbitration from proceedings before courts, and on special types of proceedings. Arbitration can be characterized as one of the ways to settle a dispute, that arises between two or more parties. Common way of resolving a dispute is by reffering it to a state court, who will issue a judgment that is binding upon the parties and can be enforced. In certain areas of private relationships, the state offers the parties the opportunity to submit their dispute to a private body, whose decision they agree to respect as if it was a decision of a general court. These types of dispute resolution can be characterized as alternatives to the classical way of resolution by the courts (alternative dispute resolution or ADR). Arbitration proceedings in the Czech republic are conducted in accordance with the Act No. 216/1994 Coll., on Arbitration Procedure and the Enforcement of Arbitration Awards, as amended (Arbitration Act). Since its adoption, there have been some amendments of this Arbitration Act, in order to reflect modern trends in the conduct of the proceedings as well as to correct its weaknesses, established by judgments of...

Magister Legum - LLM / Arbitration is the preferred method of dispute resolution in international trade. Naturally, a set of rules is necessary to govern the conflict’s resolution. For cultural, political, economical or other reasons the parties’ national laws may not serve the individual interests and needs of that particular contract well. If one wants to avoid the application of both parties’ national laws, one can choose that the contract be governed by an a-national legal standard, e.g. general principles of International Trade Law or the general usages of a particular trade. These internationally accepted principles of law governing contractual relations are called lex mercatoria (law merchant). Lex mercatoria already existed in the Middle Ages and can even be dated back to antiquity. Later it disappeared through the nationalization of International Trade Law and was rediscovered in the 1950s, when international traders were again creating their own law and disputes were increasingly resolved outside of the national jurisdictions and applying a-national law. Lex mercatoria is being applied more and more by arbitrators and is therefore becoming increasingly important for dispute resolution in International Trade. Numerous different concepts and theories of lex mercatoria have been developed. Its being an autonomous legal system is questioned by some authors and the doctrine in favour of it called unfounded. The critics also argue that the authority to apply lex mercatoria may be a recipe for amateurism and the substitution of the arbitrator’s private preferences for the parties’ intentions, for itis easy to proclaim common principles on the basis of limited knowledge. The lex mercatoria is said only to exist because scholars talk about it. However, these and other allegations can be refuted by critically analyzing the arguments that are supposed to underline those assumptions. Applying lex mercatoria to solve international trade disputes has many advantages. By choosing lex mercatoria the parties avoid rules which are unfit for international contracts, e.g. peculiar formalities, brief cut-off periods and special difficulties created by domestic laws. In addition to that, neither of the parties has the advantage of having the dispute governed by his own law. Since one of the central rules is the principle of good faith and fair dealing, lex mercatoria neither leads to arbitrary results nor does it favour the rich. Is it possible for the arbitrators to apply lex mercatoria if no law has been chosen by the parties? The failure of the parties to indicate a choice could well mean that they did not wish to have their contract governed by any of their national laws. In some awards arbitrators applied lex mercatoria as they considered the community of international merchants to be autonomous and to exist beyond national legislation. However, it cannot be deduced from the absence of such a choice that the parties have impliedly chosen lex mercatoria to be the law governing the conflict. Lex mercatoria is applicable only as a subsidiary law in cases where no national law has been chosen and seems apt. / South Africa

Magister Legum - LLM / The objective of this study was to examine and review the main features and works of the arbitration and conciliation working group of UNCITRAL while demonstrating their impact on international trade. / South Africa

Magister Legum - LLM