Zugl.: Freiburg (Breisgau), Univ., Diss., 2004.

This work reviewed various tree detection and delineation algorithms and developed another one for ESRI ArcGIS Desktop software. This algorithm which employs the principles of local maxima filtering and region growing technique was enhanced by successfully applying NDVI index. Consequently, this algorithm was tested on 11 sample plots. These plots were located in the forest stand 187 C 10a (according to Forest Management Plan 2013 - 2022) in the forest section Proklest which belongs to the forest district Habrůvka in The Training Forest Enterprise Masaryk Forest Křtiny. The results were consequently, evaluated using these 6 different spatial resolutions: 10 cm, 20 cm, 40 cm, 60 cm, 80 cm and 100 cm. This evaluation was based on the comparison with manually vectorised 1,560 tree crowns. Spatial resolution of 40 cm provided the most accurate results for tree counting. At a standard deviation of 7.8 %, the accuracy reached 98 % of the reference layer. In the case of tree crown delineation, the most accurate results were provided for the spatial resolution of 80 cm. The accuracy reached 103 % with standard deviation of 9.6 %.

The thesis deals with the question of using available sources of elevation data for the evaluation of topographic factor in estimating the amount of water erosion in the area. Work compares the results with consideration to the origin of the data, the accuracy and resolution of the digital terrain model, which is interpolated from the source data. The calculation of topographic factor in ArcGIS will be confronted with the results of the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE). The frequency of compliance will tell us which data source and digital terrain model resolution is the most suitable for determining the topographic factor.

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Submitted by NAIA GODOY PADOVANI null (naiagp@gmail.com) on 2017-10-18T16:49:11Z No. of bitstreams: 1 NaiaGPadovanni_final.pdf: 4817773 bytes, checksum: 67b5a1858a5ffcf50056a856a74bcbce (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luiz Galeffi (luizgaleffi@gmail.com) on 2017-10-23T17:42:38Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 padovanni_ng_me_soro.pdf: 4817773 bytes, checksum: 67b5a1858a5ffcf50056a856a74bcbce (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-23T17:42:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 padovanni_ng_me_soro.pdf: 4817773 bytes, checksum: 67b5a1858a5ffcf50056a856a74bcbce (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-09-01 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O estudo dos fenômenos atmosféricos requer a compreensão de complexas relações e interações dos sistemas naturais e/ou antrópicos. As alterações da superfície terrestre alteram os processos de troca de energia entre a superfície e atmosfera em diferentes escalas, atuando na variação de temperatura da superfície e do ar, na intensidade dos fluxos de energia disponível na superfície e nas variações da energia armazenada na vegetação. A utilização de técnicas de sensoriamento remoto na compreensão dessas relações, a partir de uma abordagem geossistêmica, auxilia otimizando a obtenção de dados, no refinamento e acurácia destes e na análise sistêmica, tornando-se uma ferramenta importante para o entendimento dos processos ecológicos e antrópicos que agem nos sistemas terrestres. Neste contexto, este trabalho teve como objetivo a análise do comportamento espacial da Temperatura de Superfície (Ts) e albedo na Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio Una, Ibiúna – SP, a partir de imagens do sensor MODIS dos satélites TERRA e Aqua para os meses de Janeiro e Agostos dos anos de 2004, 2008, 2012 e 2015, considerando as modificações no uso do solo e ocupação da terra e as sazonalidades climáticas. A região de estudo vem sofrendo grandes mudanças no uso e cobertura da terra em função do crescimento urbano e das áreas de cultivo temporário e reflorestamento. Por fim, gerou-se um mapa da cobertura da terra para o ano de 2013, e a partir deste, realizou-se a análise do comportamento da Temperatura de superfície e do albedo. Os resultados obtidos foram comparados também com os dados de temperatura do ar e dados pluviométricos. / Atmospheric phenomena studies requires understanding about the complex relationships and interactions of natural and anthropic systems. Earth surface's changes alter the energy exchange processes between surface and atmosphere, at different scales, acting in : temperature variation of surface and air, the intensity of the energy streams available on the surface and the variations on energy stored in the vegetation. Remote sensing techniques utilization for the understanding of these relationships, in a geosystems approach, helps to optimize data acquisition, refinement and accuracy of these and systemic analysis, making it an important tool for the ecological and anthropic processes understanding, that act in terrestrial systems. In this context, the research's objective was the spatial behavior analysis of surface temperature (Ts) and albedo over the watershed area of the river Una (Ibiúna-SP), utilizing MODIS sensor images, from TERRA and Aqua satellites, captured in the months of January and August of 2004, 2008, 2012 and 2015, considering the changes in land use, land occupation and climatic seasonality. The study region has suffered major changes in land use and coverage on the basis of urban growth, cultivation areas and reforestation. So, a 2013 coverage map was generated, and from this, the behavior analysis of surface temperature and albedo was made. The results obtained were compared with the data of air temperature and rainfall data.

The aim of the thesis was the creation and interpretation of thematic layers for the Ostřice stream catchment. First step was collecting all the available maps and comparing them with the actual state. The documents were digitized, and the thematic layers were created. The map outputs were created from these layers and their combinations and were analyzed. The output of this work is a set of GIS layers for the Ostřice stream catchment. This work was processed with the ArcGIS Desktop 9.1 software.

Tábor region and the town Tábor offer many attractions, spanning cultural, social, sport and natural beauty. Area investigation using program ArcGIS, questionnaire research and analysis of tourism products showed that the region is of great interest to visitors and tourists mainly for his rich history and heritage, culture, scenic attractions and many sporting events. Analysis of maps created in program ArcGIS found tourism potential not only in the town Tábor, but in other towns and areas across the Tábor region. This analysis, supported by the results of the questionnaire research, recommend ways of improving tourism products, for example compiling a complete package of tourism products into a catalogue or into product packets.

The aim of this paper is to describe the way of creation of cartographic papers in ArcGIS programme. I would like to also mention the display possibilities of the programme and point out potential difficulties in the work with more shapefile layers, grid system, cartographic schemes and as well with the portrayal of the plan which influences the final form of the map essentially. Created cartographic papers show the real historical setout of the territorial integrity in the time and space. Morover the time resolution is able to provide the chance to compare and peep into the emergence of the state boundaries in 20 th century. The result of this paper is the set of historical and geographical maps which can be used not only in history and geography education.

This study investigates a way to characterize the geology and biology of the seafloor in two Marine Protected Areas on the West Florida Shelf. Characterization of benthic habitats needs to include sufficient detail to represent the complex and heterogeneous bottom types. Characterizations can be interpreted from multiple data sets and displayed as benthic habitat maps. Multibeam sonar bathymetry and backscatter provide full spatial data coverage, but interpretation of such data requires some form of ground truth (to characterize the habitat). Imagery from towed underwater video provides continuous transects of seafloor data, which provide a more efficient method than data from sediment grabs, stationary cameras, or video from slow-moving remotely-operated vehicles while a ship is on station. Two Marine Protected Areas, Steamboat Lumps and Madison-Swanson, were previously mapped by the USGS using a 95 kHz multibeam sonar system. Researchers at the University of South Florida, using a 300 kHz high-resolution multibeam sonar in 2002 and a 400 kHz high-resolution multibeam sonar in 2016, filled in the northeast triangular portion of Madison-Swanson. Bathymetry and backscatter data were compared to towed underwater-video observations. A modified version of the Coastal and Marine Ecological Classification Standard (CMECS), utilizing a scale-based hierarchy, was used for habitat characterization of video images. Identifiers from the geoform and substrate components of CMECS, as well as substrate-influencing biologic components, were characterized using still images at 15-second intervals from towed underwater video collected using the Camera-Based Assessment Survey System (C-BASS). These characterizations were then georeferenced (located in three-dimensional space) for comparison with bathymetry and backscatter data. In Steamboat Lumps, eight substrate variations were identified from video, while in Madison-Swanson 27 substrate variations were identified, including many combinations of hard and soft substrate types. Four new hard-bottom textures are identified from video in Madison-Swanson: exposed high-relief, moderate-relief, and low-relief hard bottom, as well as covered low-relief hard bottom identified by the presence of attached biota. Hard- and mixed-bottom substrate types identified from video are more heterogeneous than can be resolved from 95 kHz Kongsberg EM 1002 multibeam sonar bathymetry and beam-averaged backscatter. However, in soft bottom areas, more changes are evident in beam-averaged backscatter than are visible in video, though this may be attributed to changes in sonar settings. This does not appear to be the case with high-resolution and ultra-high resolution multibeam sonars, such as the 300 kHz Kongsberg EM 3000 and the 400 kHz Reson SeaBat 7125, which can use time-series rather than beam-averaged backscatter. Analyses of the multibeam bathymetry data indicate that 94.5% of Steamboat Lumps is “flat” (slope < 5°) versus “sloping” for the remaining area (5° < slope < 30°). Only 87% of Madison-Swanson is “flat” versus “sloping”. Both marine protected areas have very low rugosity, i.e., the surface of the seafloor is nearly planar.

Wildlife tracking is an essential task to gain better understanding of the migration pattern and use of space of the wildlife. Advances in computer technology and global positioning systems (GPS) have lowered costs, reduced processing time, and improved accuracy for tracking wild animals. In this thesis, a wildlife tracking extension is developed for ArcGIS 9.x, which allows biologists and ecologists to effectively track, visualize and analyze the movement patterns of wild animals. The extension has four major components: (1) data import; (2) tracking; (3) spatial and temporal analysis; and (4) data export. Compared with existing software tools for wildlife tracking, the major features of the extension include: (1) wildlife tracking capabilities using a dynamic data layer supported by a file geodatabase with 1 TB storage limit; (2) spatial clustering of wildlife locations; (3) lacunarity analysis of one-dimensional individual animal trajectories and two-dimensional animal locations for better understanding of animal movement patterns; and (4) herds evolvement modeling and graphic representation. The application of the extension is demonstrated using simulated data, test data collected by a GPS collar, and a real dataset collected by ARGOS satellite telemetry for albatrosses in the Pacific Ocean.