Η εργασία αναφέρεται στον αρχαιολογικό χώρο της Κνωσού και πραγματεύεται την πολιτιστική διαχείριση και πολιτιστική επικοινωνία του. / The work refers to the archaeological site of Knossos and deals with the cultural management and cultural communication.

Σκοπός αυτής της μελέτης είναι η περιγραφή και αναγνώριση των λίθων του αρχαιολογικού χώρου της Ελευσίνας, τόσο μακροσκοπικά όσο και μικροσκοπικά. Η περιγραφή και αναγνώριση των λίθων έγινε με τη βοήθεια κυρίως πολωτικού μικροσκοπιόυ αλλά και ηλεκτρονικού μικροσκοπίου για την αναγνώριση ορυκτών που δεν είναι ορατά με το πολωτικό μικροσκόπιο. Στη συνέχεια γίνεται περιγραφή των φθορών που οι λίθοι έχουν υποστεί είτε λόγω φυσικών διεργασιών όπως διάβρωση- αποσάθρωση, είτε λόγω ανθρωπογενών παρεμβάσεων πάνω σε αυτούς. Η αναγνώριση και ονοματολογία των φθορών έγινε μακροσκοπικά, ενώ χρησιμοποιήθηκε επίσης και περιθλασιμετρία ακτίνων-Χ. Τέλος, παρατίθενται τρόποι που θα βοηθήσουν στην αντιμετώπιση των φθορών. / The aim of the study is to identify and describe, macroscopically and microscopically (optical and electronic microscopy), five main lithotypes of Eleusina’s archaeological place. Furthermore, it have been observed macroscopically the weathering forms on the stones of the monument and the alternation that take place on the surface of the stones due to industrial pollutants. X- ray diffraction have been also used. Finally, conservation methods are proposed for the treatment of the monuments.

CAPES / A presente pesquisa tem como intuito investigar uma coleção de objetos que compõe o material chamado caixa didática Padrões de Beleza, criado por um grupo da Ação Educativa do Museu de Arqueologia e Etnologia da Universidade Federal do Paraná (MAE-UFPR). O trabalho está centrado no processo de feitura dessa caixa, buscando, em especial, a compreensão das relações e das mediações formadas entre os agentes encarregados e os objetos museológicos por eles escolhidos para a composição do referido material. As análises se baseiam principalmente nos estudos de cultura material e antropologia dos objetos. A pesquisa envolve a construção de um inventário dos objetos e pesquisa etnográfica, concluindo com a redação da dissertação. / The main purpose of this research is to explore a collection of objects which compose a material named “caixa didática Padrões de Beleza”, created by a group responsible for Educational Actions in the “Museu de Arqueologia e Etnologia da Universidade Federal do Paraná (MAE-UFPR)”. This research focuses in the making process of this material, seeking, in particular, the understanding of the relations and interactions developed between the agents in charge and those museological objects chosen by them to be part of this “Caixa”. The analysis is based essentially on material culture studies and anthropology of objects. This research comprises the construction of an inventory of the objects, ethnographic research and the mapping of the information gathered, concluding with the writing of the dissertation.

It has become an axiom of British archaeology that the results of developer-funded fieldwork are under-utilised in research and several projects carried out at British universities have attempted to redress this perceived imbalance. These projects, including those on British and Continental prehistory carried out by Richard Bradley, the Roman Rural settlement project, the Fields of Britannia project, John Blair's work on early medieval England and the EngLaId project, of which this thesis forms a component, have all demonstrated beyond doubt the transformative effect of the data produced by developer-funded work on our understanding. However, to date no project has sought to utilise artefact and ecofact data produced by developer-funded work on a similar scale. This thesis is partly an attempt to fill this gap, by using ceramic, animal bone and charred plant data from digital archives generated by developer-funded archaeology, to address a series of questions about food production/consumption over the later prehistoric and early historic periods in Southern England. These three datasets have very varied characteristics and their integration in a single database was, therefore, one of the major challenges of the thesis. However, this also provided the opportunity to ask new questions and to address old questions with new data. The thesis argues that regional ecosystems had a long-term influence on processes of food production/consumption, which displayed considerable continuities across the boundaries of traditional archaeological periods. Landscape, settlement, ceramic, animal bone and charred plant data from three regional case studies, encompassing the Upper Thames Valley, the Middle and Lower Thames Valley and the route of HS1 in Kent were investigated using a Filemaker database and QGIS mapping. It is argued that, while there were long-term continuities in the use of plants and animals, the expression of social relationships expressed in fields, settlements and ceramics followed a cyclical pattern.

This essay aims to gain a deeper understanding for the beliefs and identity of the sami people in Sápmi, northern Scandinavia through observation of their material culture. More specifically the object of interest is different types of jewellery made from materials like horn, silver and tin dat- ed to iron age 500 BC to 1300 AD. Metal deposits, or places of sacrifices used by sami are key interest to understand the usage of jewellery and the symbolism behind it, if there is any. The discussion is based on earlier research made by archaeologists and other scientists. The purpose being to understand and illuminate a culture with a long history that’s still alive. This will be conducted with an archaeological perspective.

The aim of the thesis was the reconstruction of vanished subrecent settlement in the surroundings of Ktiš, as a consequence of the expulsion of German population after 1946, having focused its attention on three former villages Křížovice, Ktiška and Ostrá Hora. It was monitored the archaeological transformation at this area from 1946 until nowadays and its evaluation.

In this dissertation I use data from 19 archaeological surveys in central Tyrrhenian Italy to understand how craft and commodity production were organized across landscapes, what factors contributed to rural site longevity, and how rural sites interacted with market centers. The surveyed sites spanned the second century BC to fourth century AD. Most survey areas centered on towns or small cities, but several were within Rome's vast suburbium or adjacent to key trade corridors, such as the Tiber River and consular roads. To enable the comparison of more than 3000 rural sites considered in this study, I standardized published survey data into a relational database and analyzed site types, sizes, locations, and finds statistically as well as via Geographic Information Systems (GIS) tools. Site types included constructions (e.g., aqueducts, roads) and settlements (towns, farms, connected farms). The latter two are the most common; they differ in that connected farms had more resources and better access to road networks. Production evidence for various industries (e.g., ceramic, metal, and textile) appear at both farms and connected farms, contradicting traditional views that such activities were confined to large establishments. Many rural sites were located in areas with workable and nutritious soils, and with maximum annual sun exposure. Nevertheless, advantageous location was no guarantee of longevity. Instead, the most consistent factor in rural site longevity was easy access to trade and transport networks. From the first century AD, inhabitants of sites with market connections within a 20-kilometer radius declined in prosperity or abandoned their homes, while those linked to more distant networks were able to maintain, or even expand, their territories. Wide access for buying and selling goods helped sites endure over time. This investigation demonstrates that market networks trumped site resources as the key factor in site longevity. By incorporating the types and patterns of finds, and mapping sites in relation to resources and roads, archaeological survey can help chart the ebb and flow of rural production and assess the relationship of that production to site durability.

Electromagnetic induction (EM) methods have been utilised in a recent surge of archaeological applications across continental Europe, Ireland and Scandinavia. Development of multi-exploration depth instruments and improvements to instrument stability have improved its reputation as an effective method for mapping archaeological remains. Despite these advances, EM methods are comparatively lacking in rigour when for British sites. Through a structured scheme of experimental analysis and fieldwork, this thesis develops an understanding of the responses of EM instruments over a range of British archaeology, including earthworks, field systems, burials, modern remains, and a Cistercian abbey; the results of which demonstrate its effective over a diversity of environments. The impact of instrument-based issues on the collected measurements was quantified through a scheme of experiments targeting instrument drift, calibration and elevation. Dedicated instrument operation and processing workflows were developed based on the collective field and experimental results, which recommend best practice guidelines for improving the quality and accuracy of collected data. The link between instrument measurements and buried archaeology was further developed through a structured analysis of the EM datasets with complementary earth resistance and magnetic results. The integration of the EM, earth resistance and magnetic datasets was utilised to develop an enhanced archaeological characterisation of subsurface features. While the earth resistance and magnetic methods generally responded to different aspects of the buried archaeology, the EM surveys were able to detect a range of responses evident in the results of the former methods. Therefore, the role of EM methods within this characterisation are shown to “bridge the gap” between the earth resistance and magnetic methods, while providing a comprehensive characterisation of the remains in their own right.

The Formative Period in the North Coast: IntroductionThe text doesn´t have an abstract / El texto no presenta resumen

The Formative Period in Ayacucho: Balance and PerspectivesThe present paper presents the synthesis of the state of knowledge of Ayacucho Formative starting with the history of investigations (1959 to present), a critical assessment of the principal sites and a general interpretation of its socioeconomic development. It reveals still existing problems due to insufficient knowledge and the fact that most of the major sites with monumental architecture have been destroyed or are not available for study any longer. / Este trabajo presenta una síntesis de los estudios acerca del Periodo Formativo en Ayacucho con una historia de las investigaciones (1959 al presente), una discusión crítica de los principales sitios y una interpretación general del desarrollo socioeconómico. Se desprende que aún subsisten muchas lagunas y algunos de los sitios con arquitectura monumental ya fueron destruidos o no están disponibles para estudios futuros.