Thesis (M.A.) - Carleton University, 2006. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 150-162). Also available in electronic format on the Internet.

Thesis (M.S.)--Florida State University, 2005. / Advisor: Glen Doran, Florida State University, College of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of Anthropology. Title and description from dissertation home page (viewed Jan. 26, 2006). Document formatted into pages; contains vi, 205 pages. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.A.I.S.)--Oregon State University, 2009. / Printout. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 199-206). Also available on the World Wide Web.

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Typescript (photocopy). / Digitized by Kansas Correctional Industries

Studies of historic fish archaeofaunas can contribute to our understanding of Victorian-era consumer choice and agency. However, most zooarchaeological work focuses on interpreting large mammal remains such as cow (Bos taurus). That fish are overlooked is particularly striking in the Pacific Northwest, where fishing was a major facet of both the bourgeoning industrial economy and local household practices. My thesis addresses this gap through study of archival records (mainly newspapers) and zooarchaeological fish records from a neighborhood in Vancouver, Washington focusing on the period between 1880 and 1910. My particular goals were to examine how fishes were acquired and their economic role in a market economy. I conducted archival research through systematic and qualitative reviews of The Oregonian and other newspapers in Oregon and Washington. I recorded 105 different named fishes, which I linked to 46 Linnaean taxa; 76 fishes were listed with price information in advertisements. I connected these fishes to market acquisition, and the remaining fishes to personal catch. I ranked the sixteen most prominent fishes by their price. Largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) was the most expensive, and Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus) was the least expensive. Five ranked fishes were introduced; all of these were in the top 50% of the ranking. Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) was advertised the most frequently, but was in the lower 50% of the ranking. Some fishes (e.g., common carp [Cyprinus carpio]) were heavily promoted by federal entities and private entrepreneurs, but viewed negatively by consumers. The zooarchaeological portion of my study focused on privies from the Esther Short neighborhood (Vancouver, WA), which, between 1880 and 1910, was a predominantly middle- and working-class community, occupied by people of European ancestry. The fish fauna (total NISP: 1,282) had previously been documented by Krey Easton. I reanalyzed ~30% of the fish remains to verify identifications; our results were highly correlated. Ten fish families representing 16 taxa were recorded in the assemblage. Both introduced fishes (n = 6 taxa) and native fishes (n = 10 taxa) were present. Catfish (Ictaluridae) dominated the assemblage (76%). Salmonids represented 15%. I recorded five new taxa from specimens previously noted as "unidentified". I documented body part representation and butchering marks to establish the fish portions Esther Short residents acquired. Finally, I compared archaeofaunal fish representation against the fish rank obtained from archival research. Residents acquired fishes both as market purchases and through personal catch. Eight fish taxa in the assemblage represented market purchases. Four were nonmarket fishes. An additional four could represent either market or nonmarket fishes. Nine taxa recovered from the neighborhood were also fishes included in the ranking. Neighborhood residents were predominantly eating low-cost purchased catfish heads, which were likely incorporated into soups, stews, or chowders. I found some evidence for higher-cost purchases and fish steaks, which I loosely connected to conspicuous consumerism. Evidence of personal catch (sport and subsistence angling) illustrates agency and potential resistance to the systemic Victorian model, in which the middle class generally did not participate in such activities. My thesis shows that interpreting fish use provides valuable insights into historical-era consumer choice and agency. On a systemic level, fish use was driven by sources of authority and monied interests. Expression of identity was visible in structural responses to systemic forces, both through consumer choice within the markets, and rejection of the market economy. Fish use in the Esther Short neighborhood showed some household patterns of "purchasing within one's means", as well as several expressions of agency that conformed to or rejected Victorian-era ideals.

The desire for preserving a portion of this country's cultural resources has forced archaeologists and resource managers to make determinations about the relative significance of archaeological sites. Decisions are made regarding which sites are to be preserved and which must be dismissed in the name of progress. The first half of this thesis traces both the history and evolution of the significance concept, and briefly reviews some of the means and strategies archaeologists use in making significance evaluations in the face of continued economic development and a rapidly changing theoretic and methodological discipline. The second half of this thesis demonstrates a proposed significance preservation model for the known archaeological resources using data from the Upper Yalobusha River Basin in north central Mississippi. Unlike preservation strategies that evaluate resource significance on a site-by-site basis, this model establishes preservation areas based on a twenty percent representative sample of the known cultural resources in the region. / Department of Anthropology

Bibliography: leaves 176-186 / The relationship between political, religious ideology and the interpretation of archaeological excavation in the Holy Land has faced criticism and has been debated by scholars since the beginning of biblical archaeology in the 19th century and up to the present day. These debates are not just academic but have manifested itself in the public narrative and are alleged to have consequences regarding the history of Israel and the physical space inhabited by both the Israelis and the Palestinians. Some of the current excavations in Jerusalem are viewed with suspicion. Archaeology is singled out to be biased in its interpretation and that it is being used for political ends. An investigation of the point of intersection between archaeology, politics and religion is important for the discourse and question whether archaeology in Israel has become complicit in the establishment and continued maintenance of nationhood and the Zionist project, as alleged by the minimalist scholars and opponents of Israel. Biblical archaeology has been drawn into this debate and its interpretation. The negative externalities of this discipline are the perceived use of the biblical text as a reference document and the subsequent findings of Late Bronze and Iron Age archaeology, which raise questions about the veracity of the biblical text and its impact on biblical scholarship and religion. Archaeologists and their interpretation of these spaces find themselves amid this paradigmatic revolution. The integrity of these scholars, their methodologies and their motivations are interrogated to the point of an ideological debate. The position of Palestinian archaeology hangs in the balance and there is no clear indication as to its future or whether any collaboration with Israeli archaeology is possible due to the politicisation in the region and the distrust that exists between Israel and the West Bank in general. This research reveals the extent in which these externalities of biblical archaeology and its interpretation have had an effect on ideology and its prevalence, and whether the questions and criticisms raised are justified. The views of archaeologists who have been actively involved in the excavation of the region provide these answers. / Biblical and Ancient Studies / D. Phil. (Biblical archaeology)

Researchers on the Northwest Coast (NWC) are often interested in complex questions regarding social organization, resource intensification, resource control, and impacts of environmental change on resources and in turn human groups. However, the excavation strategies used on the NWC often do not provide the spatial and chronological control within a site that is necessary to document their variability and answer these research questions. The Čḯxwicən site has the potential to address some of the limitations of previous Northwest Coast village site excavations because of its unique and robust sampling strategy, the wide expanse of time that it was occupied, and the multiple house structures present. An on-going project is examining changing human ecodynamics over the breadth of site occupation, focusing on zooarchaeology and geoarchaeological records. This site, located on the Strait of Juan de Fuca in Port Angeles, WA was excavated in 2004 as part of a Washington State Department of Transportation (WSDOT) undertaking to build parts for the Hood Canal Bridge Large scale excavation (261.4 m3 528 m2) generated enormous quantities of faunal remains. Radiocarbon dates and historic records show occupation extends from 2750 cal. BP to the early 20th century. Statistical sampling methods provide an empirical way to maximize the amount of information obtained with the least amount of effort. My thesis addressed the utility of Sampling to Redundancy (STR) as a statistical sampling method for sampling faunal remains from large village sites. My project has documented the variability of fish family representation across time and space in one part of the Čḯxwicən village, while minimizing the time and effort required to do so. This thesis applies STR to "S" (> 1/4 in.) 10 Liter bucket samples from eight excavation units and a total of 26 separate unique temporal and spatial contexts. I focused on 1/4 in. samples for my study for a particular reason. Previous fish faunal studies have focused on effects of mesh size on fish representation; and emphasized the need to use fine mesh (e.g., 1/8 in. or finer) to document small-bodied fishes. This focus on fine mesh typically means that only limited volumes of matrix are studied, which in turn may mean that remains of rarer, large- bodied fishes are under- represented. The on-going research project has focused on buckets screened to 1/8 in. mesh (called "C" buckets). I used STR to sample additional volumes of matrix screened to 1/4 in. to examine whether expanding the volume studied would affect fish representation, which was a second goal of my project. Overall, I studied remains from 269 "S" buckets out of a total of 419 buckets, or 47% of the buckets. STR was most helpful for six of the high bone abundance and density contexts, where I analyzed less than 50% of the total buckets, was moderately helpful for 14 contexts, and not at all helpful for the six contexts with low fishbone abundance, where I analyzed 100% of the buckets. This analysis took me a total of 154 hours, and based on the percentage of material analyzed, 174 hours were saved. As to the second project goal, to assess whether adding fish remains documented from additional matrix volume affected fish representation, I found the differences were minimal. Both for my study units as a whole, and for each time period, adding the fish records from the "S" buckets did not alter the main trends in fish representation as documented by the larger study, using a smaller volume. To further examine whether the added volume from >1/4 in "S" buckets affected results, I explored specific research questions that are relevant to the larger project regarding environment-animal interactions and fishbone deposition and bone condition inside and outside of a house structure. Adding the "S" bucket samples did not affect fish representation or fishbone distribution and condition, which affirms that the sampling strategy used in the larger research project was sufficient in most cases to characterize the fish record at the site. My approach to STR has focused on fish remains that were previously excavated from a Pacific coastal village site with dense archaeological deposits. STR could be employed in other types of archaeological settings in a range of environments (coast or interior) representing a range of cultural contexts (from hunting camps to urban centers) to establish sample redundancy after an excavation is complete. STR could be used during on-going excavation. Further research is required to explore the implications of STR in these settings, however it is likely that the success of STR in other contexts will be dependent on the density and overall abundance of remains, the diversity or material types being studied, as well of course in the range and specificity of questions in each case.

Orientador: Marcos Tognon / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-22T13:46:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Augusto_MarceloGaudio_M.pdf: 17279950 bytes, checksum: b0909e5df0a4961942d384c01dc4895f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: Esta dissertação faz um profundo estudo sobre a Fazenda Jambeiro, que, apesar de ser um patrimônio tombado pelo Conselho de Patrimônio da cidade de Campinas, se transformou em um dos piores exemplos de conservação. Sua trajetória histórica foi marcada por crises e modificações, as quais levaram parte de sua área a ser transformada em loteamento residencial, em razão de uma política deficitária por parte da prefeitura, o que culminou em seu abandono e esquecimento. Além de apresentar os problemas e questionar a forma como se deu o tombamento, o presente trabalho apresenta a arqueologia pública como uma possibilidade de restaurar a memória do patrimônio com a população / Abstract: This paper makes a profound study on the Jambeiro Farm, which, though well preserved by a council heritage of the city of Campinas, became one of the worst examples of conservation. His career was marked by historical crises and transformations that took an old farm area to be transformed into a residential subdivision. A large part because of a political deficit by the municipality, which eventually led to its abandonment and neglect. Besides presenting the problems and questioning the way how was the tipping, present the archeology public as a chance to work restoring the memory with the population / Mestrado / Politica, Memoria e Cidade / Mestre em História