The aim of analyzing Fyodor Dostoevsky’s Crime and Punishment and Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness is to study the symbolic undertones of each work from a Jungian psychoanalytical perspective. My thesis revolves around the archetypical story of man versus himself, that is to say, man versus psyche: his own demons personified as a reflection of nature and therefore the environment. The bulk of the analysis is described using narratological tools. By doing a close reading report I compare how the inner processes of the two novels’ protagonists are presented, in both imagery and style, using Aristoteles’ terminology in accordance with Gerald Prince’s definitions. The Jungian model and the concept of the shadow archetype is put into play in correspondence with Aristotelian terms such as anagnorisis and catharsis, where the chosen point of view (or focalization) is also discussed in its relationship to the psyche, characters and setting. The analysis leads me to conclude that the discussed archetypical themes found in the novels are used to portray an essential part of human existence. A recognizable pattern arises once we delve into and reflect upon the encounter with the unknown darkness (or shadow) that eventually leads to a newfound wisdom (catharsis).

This thesis examines the realisation of archetypes, symbols and mythic processes reflected in the musical discourse of selected 20ftt Century stage musicals with a hero theme, namely The Fantasticks, Camelot, Jesus Christ Superstar and Man of La Mancha. Of these, Camelot and Jesus Christ Superstar are mythically by far the more complex, so these will receive correspondingly far greater attention to background, immediately prior to their musical analyses. Insofar as the mythic language of symbols is heavily invested with description, the text reflects this investment. The purpose of this research has been to examine the way in which composers of the 1960s and '70s have revealed symbolic entities inherent in the dramatic plots of these musicals without necessarily being academically aware of deliberately revealing these entities. This being the case, the symbolic grammar and structural psychic elements evident in the musicals could be said to elicit a symbolically related compositional response conveyed in musical structures. Furthermore, the implications of the mythic choice of the hero theme itself and how this is conveyed both in the drama and in compositional choices are examined and discussed in an attempt to comprehend the Zeitgeist of the era, and how its representation In a popular musico-dramatic genre contributes to our insights into human and societal health. / Thesis (DMus)--University of Pretoria, 2010. / Music / unrestricted

L’écriture de Marguerite Duras est foncièrement mythique ; son imaginaire puise dans les schémas les plus fondamentaux et les plus primitifs de la psyché humaine, puis les redispose dans l’athanor créatif intérieur, engendrant des œuvres protéiformes, à la fois extrêmement novatrices et nourries d’images archaïques fidèlement reprises ou revisitées, voire déformées ou renversées totalement. A la croisée de l’exégèse littéraire et phénoménologique (à l’image de l’herméneutique de Gaston Bachelard), de l’anthropologie (les travaux de Mircea Eliade), de la mythodologie développée par Gilbert Durand et de la psychologie des profondeurs (Carl Gustav Jung et Marie-Louise von Franz), nous proposons une étude précise et la plus complète possible des archétypes qui constellent cet imaginaire ainsi que de leur résonnance symbolique dans les textes ou les films durassiens. Cette analyse nous permettra de présenter une lecture nouvelle de l’univers scriptural, avec des outils efficaces et efficients. Il s’agira de repérer au fil des livres les symboles, de les confronter au plus grand nombre d’occurrences dans les pensées, les rites et les récits de toute culture, afin de laisser affleurer leur spécificité dans les œuvres. Si la quête de Marguerite Duras peut être assimilée à une tentative désespérée d’unir les contraires et résorber tout antagonisme, nous verrons que le style et l’univers se tournent progressivement vers un appel radical à la destruction absolue, qui modifie profondément la vision interne et la forme de l’écrit. Par l’analyse minutieuse des images dans un double corpus (le cycle indien puis la trilogie politique), nous souhaitons laisser remonter ces images fondatrices, observer leur signification tout en repérant leurs modifications essentielles au long de la production littéraire, théâtrale et cinématographique de l’artiste. / Marguerite Duras’s writing is deeply mythical; her imaginary world is rooted in the most fundamental and primitive patterns of the human psyche. She reorganizes it in the inner crucible of her creation, thus creating multifaceted works, simultaneously extremely innovative and filled with archaic images that the author uses faithfully, rewrites, twists or completely flips over. In between literary and phenomenological exegesis (like Gaston Bachelard’s hermeneutics), anthropology (Mircea Eliade’s works), Gilbert Durand’s mythodology and Carl Gustav Jung and Marie-Louise von Franz’s depth psychology, we offer a precise study, as thorough as possible, of the archetypes scattered throughout Marguerite Duras’s imaginary world as well as their symbolical echo in her texts and filmography.This analysis will enable us to present a new interpretation of her writing with efficient and effective tools. Book after book, we will spot the symbols and confront them with as many cultural rituals, thoughts and tales as possible in order to grasp their meaning in each of her works. If Marguerite Duras’s quest can be considered as a desperate attempt to bring together opposites and absorb any antagonisms, her style and her artistic world gradually turn to a radical call for complete destruction that deeply changes the inner vision and the nature of her writing. Through the careful analysis of the images in a double corpus (the Indian cycle then the political trilogy), we wish to let these founding images reach the surface, examine their meaning while underlining their crucial modifications during the author’s production in literature, theatre and cinema.

abstract: “In Spirit - An Archetypal Journey of the Soul” is a document illustrating the process of creating an evening length autobiographical aerial dance theater performance, In Spirit, through the investigation of theoretical, kinesthetic and choreographic research of archetypal symbolism, as well as aesthetic, choreographic and pedagogical aspects of aerial dance. The Jungian research specifically informed the identification of symbolism and the roles that archetypes play in creating a clear storyline within aerial dance theatre. In addition, research of aesthetic voice and current aerial dance practitioners became important and gave perspectives on creative pedagogical engagement in contemporary dance and aerial dance-making. For the duration of the process of creating In Spirit image-based creative tools, tarot symbolism, Jungian archetypes, aerial dance training and collaboration were explored with the cast of ten dancers. Through this research and embodying the spirit of collaboration, the choreographer and dancers worked diligently to train dancers with no previous experience in aerial dance to perform in aerial roles. The evening-length performance of In Spirit synthesized contemporary dance, aerial dance, theatre and symbolism regarding rebirth. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Dance 2020

Philosophiae Doctor - PhD / There has recently been a lot of interest in the role of traditional healers in various cultures. This study explores the merit of an integrative approach between western based psychological practices in South Africa and what is known as traditional African healing. In order to do so, this study aims to present the epistemological views of Jungian analytical theory and African healing practices. The purpose is to ascertain whether or not there are sufficient commonalities to allow for relatedness between these two worlds. Jungian analytical thought and practice is reviewed with particular reference to the collective unconscious, archetypes, complexes and dream interpretation as a pathway to individuation. The traditional healer's pervasive role within the context of the African cosmology is explored with particular reference to the understanding of the role of the ancestors, the causes of illnesses and the use of dreams, symbols and rituals in the healing process. The importance of the sacred in both healing modalities is presented. The study employs a qualitative research design with the phenomenological approach as an example of one of the traditions of this design. Interviews with five traditional healers comprise the data for the study. The data is analyzed according to the procedure recommended by Moustakas (1994). The interviews focused specifically on eliciting information regarding the calling and the training process of the traditional healer. It is proposed that the two approaches to healing investigated in this study present possible mechanisms to bridge the divide between the westernized approaches to healing and that of the non-technical practitioner. It is further proposed that this will have implications for the broadening of the training and implementation of psychology in South Africa today.

The aim of the diploma thesis is to describe the issue of transfer of information in commercial communication and advertising. Using the essential sociological theories it tries to describe the process of designing meaningful and successful commercial communication and points out all the complications which can appear. The increased emphasis is put on the importance of understanding the participant's (sender, receiver) behavior and motivations - in commercial communication represented by the knowledge of target group and the brand itself. Based on the theoretical approaches to the communication process - mainly Stuart's Hall reception theory, Cacioppo's Elaboration Likelihood model and Petty's Laswell formula - the thesis describes how to design the advertising campaign properly. It is always helpful to analyze the current situation you are in, analyze your customer's interests and when you finally decide which message you want to use in communication, the keystone of the successful transmission is to code it correctly. You also have to take into consideration the definition of target group, market analysis, media-mix etc., as condition of proper encoding/decoding, minimizing external interferences, therefore maximize effectiveness of message transferring - achieve preferable reading. Practical...