This thesis is an exploration of three architectural types: regia, tholus, and theatrum which put together in the form of a building would demonstrate the nature of architecture. My quest traces these types in time and geography and combines them in a play that takes place in the form of a building in Blacksburg, Virginia and on the foothills of mythical Mount Alban near Rome, Italy. Furthermore, this thesis addresses questions regarding methods of construction techniques, and building materials used in each of the building forms presented. In doing so it reinterprets a traditional construction technique through a study model. / Master of Architecture

A arquitetura desempenha papel fundamental na história do cinema, participando ativamente no percurso que torna essa inovação tecnológica no entretenimento mais consumido do século XX no mundo ocidental. Diante disso, este trabalho propõe-se a compor um estudo sobre as transformações da tipologia arquitetônica das edificações destinadas à exibição cinematográfica do Rio Grande do Sul e de Santa Maria, analisando-as dentro do contexto histórico e disciplinar mundial, de modo a vincular e identificar a filiação da história e realidade locais com a história e o movimento globais da cultura e da arquitetura. A revisão se estrutura a partir de uma abordagem do cinema sucessivamente como técnica, espetáculo e indústria, e como arquitetura, definindo uma das tipologias mais representativas do século XX. Como arquitetura, cada tipo é documentado e ilustrado em suas referências, precedentes e exemplares relevantes, com enfoque na análise arquitetônica dos edifícios locais, especialmente de Porto Alegre e da cidade de Santa Maria. Após as análises, é apresentado um conjunto de características identificadas como definidoras do tipo tratado, reunindo material analítico objetivo a respeito de cada período arquitetônico. Como encerramento, uma avaliação da situação atual dos edifícios de cinemas permite esboçar algumas perspectivas sobre o seu futuro. Para encerrar o ciclo das transformações arquitetônicas a que esses edifícios foram submetidos até o momento, foi desenvolvida uma complementação histórica a respeito da ocupação dos edifícios de cinema de Santa Maria após o encerramento de suas atividades, fortalecendo o enfoque de preservação da memória cultural local a que se propôs a dissertação. / Architecture has been a key factor in the history of cinema, playing a major role in this technology becoming the western world’s most consumed form of entertainment in the 20th century. Therefore, this paper will examine the transformation of architectural typology of buildings designed for the exhibition of cinema within Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Maria. Further, it will analyse them in a worldwide historic and disciplinary context, in such a way as to identify the local history, with reference to global history as well as the evolution of culture and architecture. The paperbegins by sequentially defining cinema as a technique, spectacle, industry, and, as architecture, defining one of the most representative typologies of the 20th century. As architecture, each type is documented and shown in its references, precedents and meaningful examples, focusing on the architectural analysis of local buildings, particularity in the cities of Porto Alegre and Santa Maria. Following these analyses, identifiable characteristics for each of the selected types are presented, gathering objective analytical material about each architectonic period. As closure, an appraisal of current movie theater buildings allows for the outliningof possibilities their future situation. To complete the architectonic transformation cycle until now, a historic supplement was developed regarding the use of the Santa Maria movie theater buildings beyond the conclusion of their exhibition activities, focusing on the preservation of historical local culture, for which this dissertation was proposed.

A arquitetura desempenha papel fundamental na história do cinema, participando ativamente no percurso que torna essa inovação tecnológica no entretenimento mais consumido do século XX no mundo ocidental. Diante disso, este trabalho propõe-se a compor um estudo sobre as transformações da tipologia arquitetônica das edificações destinadas à exibição cinematográfica do Rio Grande do Sul e de Santa Maria, analisando-as dentro do contexto histórico e disciplinar mundial, de modo a vincular e identificar a filiação da história e realidade locais com a história e o movimento globais da cultura e da arquitetura. A revisão se estrutura a partir de uma abordagem do cinema sucessivamente como técnica, espetáculo e indústria, e como arquitetura, definindo uma das tipologias mais representativas do século XX. Como arquitetura, cada tipo é documentado e ilustrado em suas referências, precedentes e exemplares relevantes, com enfoque na análise arquitetônica dos edifícios locais, especialmente de Porto Alegre e da cidade de Santa Maria. Após as análises, é apresentado um conjunto de características identificadas como definidoras do tipo tratado, reunindo material analítico objetivo a respeito de cada período arquitetônico. Como encerramento, uma avaliação da situação atual dos edifícios de cinemas permite esboçar algumas perspectivas sobre o seu futuro. Para encerrar o ciclo das transformações arquitetônicas a que esses edifícios foram submetidos até o momento, foi desenvolvida uma complementação histórica a respeito da ocupação dos edifícios de cinema de Santa Maria após o encerramento de suas atividades, fortalecendo o enfoque de preservação da memória cultural local a que se propôs a dissertação. / Architecture has been a key factor in the history of cinema, playing a major role in this technology becoming the western world’s most consumed form of entertainment in the 20th century. Therefore, this paper will examine the transformation of architectural typology of buildings designed for the exhibition of cinema within Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Maria. Further, it will analyse them in a worldwide historic and disciplinary context, in such a way as to identify the local history, with reference to global history as well as the evolution of culture and architecture. The paperbegins by sequentially defining cinema as a technique, spectacle, industry, and, as architecture, defining one of the most representative typologies of the 20th century. As architecture, each type is documented and shown in its references, precedents and meaningful examples, focusing on the architectural analysis of local buildings, particularity in the cities of Porto Alegre and Santa Maria. Following these analyses, identifiable characteristics for each of the selected types are presented, gathering objective analytical material about each architectonic period. As closure, an appraisal of current movie theater buildings allows for the outliningof possibilities their future situation. To complete the architectonic transformation cycle until now, a historic supplement was developed regarding the use of the Santa Maria movie theater buildings beyond the conclusion of their exhibition activities, focusing on the preservation of historical local culture, for which this dissertation was proposed.

La thèse interroge les processus de conception développés par l'architecte français Henry Jacques Le Même (1897-1997). Nous nous donnons à comprendre le savoir-faire qu'il a mis en œuvre par la pratique du projet afin de répondre à des commandes variées tant au niveau de leurs programmes que de leurs échelles de conception, et ceci dans des contextes historiques multiples. L'objectif est de déconstruire intellectuellement une partie de son œuvre par l'analyse architecturale et en inscrivant les projets étudiés dans leurs contextes de production afin de saisir les outils et méthodes de conception du projet qui lui sont spécifiques. Afin de mener des analyses précises, nous convoquons un corpus constitué d'un nombre de projets restreints et qui ont été conçus à des moments d'articulations dans la carrière de Henry Jacques Le Même ou à des époques historiques charnières, révélatrices des transformations du métier de l'architecte. Une première partie de la recherche vise à comprendre en quoi la déclinaison du type architectural du chalet du skieur, qu'il invente à la fin des années 1920 et sur lequel il travaille pendant près de 60 ans, permet à Henry Jacques Le Même de se constituer des outils de projet pour rendre sa pratique efficiente et répondre de manière ajustée à ses commandes. L'analyse architecturale d'un échantillon de projets de 19 chalets du skieur a pour objectif de repérer les principes du type architectural et les raisons de leurs évolutions. Pour comprendre comment la préfabrication, l'industrialisation de la construction ainsi que la transformation du statut de la commande influent sur la pratique architecturale de Henry Jacques Le Même, nous analysons les premiers projets où il doit intégrer ces nouvelles modalités dans l'exercice de conception. À partir de l'étude d'une demi-douzaine de projets expérimentaux que l'architecte conçoit dans les années 1940-1950, notre objectif est de saisir la démarche qu'il développe pour penser l'idée de prototype, la transformation des processus de construction, et l'architecture destinée au grand nombre. L'analyse des processus de conception des projets étudiés permet de révéler une recherche conduite par Henry Jacques Le Même sur la pratique de projet en vue de réduire la complexité au moment de la projection de l'espace. Elle s'établit à partir d'un renouvellement de ses outils intellectuels issus de sa culture architecturale et se traduit par un travail sur la composition, la définition d'un parti architectural ou sur la conception modulaire. D'autre part, l'architecte développe une méthodologie qui consiste à produire des ensembles sériels graphiques qui lui permettent de noter ses idées et intentions afin de progresser dans la pensée du projet. Pour mener à bien notre recherche, nous nous appuyons essentiellement sur l'étude de documents provenant du fonds d'archives de Henry Jacques Le Même, conservé aux Archives Départementales de la Haute-Savoie. Ces sources premières témoignent de la pensée en acte de l'architecte au moment de l'élaboration de ses projets et nous ont permis d'élaborer le contenu de notre recherche par une analyse croisée de la documentation écrite et graphique. Parallèlement nous avons entrepris un travail de re-dessin de plans originaux associé à des analyses graphiques. Cette méthode de recherche qui utilise les outils de l'architecte a permis d'opérer un procédé de déconstruction-reconstruction des projets analysés pour rendre lisibles et intelligibles leurs organisations et spécificités spatiales. La compréhension des architectures analysées a été précisée par un travail de documentation historique et théorique. La thèse a été menée au sein du laboratoire les Métiers de l'Histoire de l'Architecture, édifices-villes-territoires, ENSA Grenoble, et dans le cadre d'une convention CIFRE avec le CAUE de Haute-Savoie. / This thesis questions the design process developed by architect Henry Jacques Le Même (1897-1997). Our goal is to understand the know-how he implemented by project practice to realize various commands both by their programs and their scales, in multiple historical contexts. The objective is to intellectually deconstruct part of his work by the architectural analysis, and considering the studied projects in their production context to capture the design tools of the project that are specific to it. To conduct detailed analyzes we consider a small number of projects that have been designed at key times during Henry Jacques Le Même career, or at pivotal historical moments for the transformation of the profession of the architect. The first part of the research is to understand how the variation of the architectural style of the skier's cottage - that he invented in the late 1920s and on which he worked for nearly 60 years - allows Henry Jacques Le Même to create project tools to make his practice efficient and to provide adequate responses to his orders. The architectural analysis of a sample of 19 skier's cottage projects aims to identify the principles of architectural type and the reasons of their evolution. The architectural practice of Henry Jacques Le Même has been influenced by prefabrication, industrialization of construction, and the transformation of the architectural command. To understand this we analyze the first projects in which he must integrate these new modalities in the design exercise. Based on the study of half a dozen experimental projects – that the architect designed in the years 1940-1950 -, our goal is to understand the process he developed to think the idea of prototype, the transformation of construction process, and the architecture destined for the masses. The analysis of the design process of studied projects reveals a research conducted by Henry Jacques Le Même on the project practice to reduce its complexity for spatial organization. This research is issued from a renewal of his intellectual tools from his architectural culture, and results in a work on the composition, the definition of an architectural style or modular design. Moreover, the architect develops a methodology which is based on producing serial graphics sets that allow him to record his ideas and intentions in order to bring forward the project thinking. To carry out our research, we first rely on the study of documents from the archives of Henry Jacques Le Même, preserved in the Departmental Archives of Haute-Savoie. These primary sources reflect the thinking of the architect during the development of his projects and helped us to develop the content of our research by a cross-analysis of the written and graphic documentation. In addition we have undertaken a re-drawing of the original plans associated with graphical analyzes. This research method uses the tools of the architect and allow us to operate a process of deconstruction and reconstruction of the analyzed projects to make readable and intelligible their organization and spatial characteristics. The understanding of the analyzed architectures has been specified by a work of historical and theoretical documentation. The thesis was conducted in the laboratory les Métiers de l'Histoire de l'Architecture, édifices-villes-territoires, ENSA Grenoble, and within a CIFRE agreement with the CAUE Haute-Savoie.

A arquitetura desempenha papel fundamental na história do cinema, participando ativamente no percurso que torna essa inovação tecnológica no entretenimento mais consumido do século XX no mundo ocidental. Diante disso, este trabalho propõe-se a compor um estudo sobre as transformações da tipologia arquitetônica das edificações destinadas à exibição cinematográfica do Rio Grande do Sul e de Santa Maria, analisando-as dentro do contexto histórico e disciplinar mundial, de modo a vincular e identificar a filiação da história e realidade locais com a história e o movimento globais da cultura e da arquitetura. A revisão se estrutura a partir de uma abordagem do cinema sucessivamente como técnica, espetáculo e indústria, e como arquitetura, definindo uma das tipologias mais representativas do século XX. Como arquitetura, cada tipo é documentado e ilustrado em suas referências, precedentes e exemplares relevantes, com enfoque na análise arquitetônica dos edifícios locais, especialmente de Porto Alegre e da cidade de Santa Maria. Após as análises, é apresentado um conjunto de características identificadas como definidoras do tipo tratado, reunindo material analítico objetivo a respeito de cada período arquitetônico. Como encerramento, uma avaliação da situação atual dos edifícios de cinemas permite esboçar algumas perspectivas sobre o seu futuro. Para encerrar o ciclo das transformações arquitetônicas a que esses edifícios foram submetidos até o momento, foi desenvolvida uma complementação histórica a respeito da ocupação dos edifícios de cinema de Santa Maria após o encerramento de suas atividades, fortalecendo o enfoque de preservação da memória cultural local a que se propôs a dissertação. / Architecture has been a key factor in the history of cinema, playing a major role in this technology becoming the western world’s most consumed form of entertainment in the 20th century. Therefore, this paper will examine the transformation of architectural typology of buildings designed for the exhibition of cinema within Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Maria. Further, it will analyse them in a worldwide historic and disciplinary context, in such a way as to identify the local history, with reference to global history as well as the evolution of culture and architecture. The paperbegins by sequentially defining cinema as a technique, spectacle, industry, and, as architecture, defining one of the most representative typologies of the 20th century. As architecture, each type is documented and shown in its references, precedents and meaningful examples, focusing on the architectural analysis of local buildings, particularity in the cities of Porto Alegre and Santa Maria. Following these analyses, identifiable characteristics for each of the selected types are presented, gathering objective analytical material about each architectonic period. As closure, an appraisal of current movie theater buildings allows for the outliningof possibilities their future situation. To complete the architectonic transformation cycle until now, a historic supplement was developed regarding the use of the Santa Maria movie theater buildings beyond the conclusion of their exhibition activities, focusing on the preservation of historical local culture, for which this dissertation was proposed.