No description available.

This thesis analyzes the corporeal origin of theoretical works in XVI$ sp{ rm th}$ century French architecture. A comparison of Philibert de l'Orme's treatises and Francois Rabelais' work allows for a dynamic awareness of materiality to emerge. During the Renaissance, this awareness was based on analogical relationships and Hermetic texts. However, whether one looks at the theory of the Elements, the concept of Proportion, the microcosm-macrocosm interplay, or even the Cardinal Virtues, it appears that the references were always traced back to the everyday experience of the body. Confronted with the mechanistic and objectifying conceptualizations that dominate today, this thesis supports the crucial role the architect must play in the bringing forth of places that allow for a perception of the body closer to apprenticeship than to domination.

Thèse de Doctorat -- Paris I. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 497-506).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Chicago, Dept. of History, March 2001. / Includes bibliographical references. Also available on the Internet.

Despite its monumental scale, its position at a turning point in the development of Gothic architecture and its visionary spatial conception, the cathedral of Bourges has remained an anomaly of medieval architectural history. Conceived and built concurrently with the cathedral of Chartres, Bourges has persistently been viewed as the lesser of the two buildings. This thesis attempts to contextualize supposed irregularities of Bourges' design and to review existing historiographical notions of the building in order to rearticulate its artistic character and redefine its historic position. Historically, Bourges has been overshadowed by the greater success of Chartres as a model on which subsequent buildings were based. In turn, the somewhat fragmented acceptance of Bourges' ideals has led to an historiography in which the building is perceived as a series of individual elements rather than as the embodiment of a powerfully focused vision. These factors, and the resulting insistent comparisons of Bourges with Paris as an antecedent and with Chartres as a contemporary, have nurtured a significant bias against Bourges and a consequent disparity in studies of High Gothic architecture. In seeking to redefine the role of Bourges in the history of Gothic architecture, it is essential to identify the unifying force which motivated the first architect of the building who envisioned the original design which was preserved, virtually intact, throughout the building's sixty-year period of construction. At Bourges, it was a fascination with spatial amplitude on a very large scale which fueled the builder's efforts, and it was toward the goal of spatial equilibrium that all elements of the building were oriented. The designer's highly integrated spatial conception was concretized through his use of form and structure, resulting in a building of powerful homogeneity. In the creation of its spatial configuration, and with respect to those buildings influenced by it, Bourges' elevation and structure are its most distinctive features. Bourges' elevation consists of five levels distributed over three planes, resulting in simultaneously two and three dimensional characteristics. The complete three-story elevation of the inner aisle is amply visible through the very tall main arcades so that the two elevations form a single aesthetic unit. At the same time, the three planes differentiate the volumes of the building without being spatially divisive. The elevation's individual components provide an element of vertical continuity while the multiplicity of its planes assures an expansiveness of space throughout the building. Although the elevation is perhaps a more obvious feature of the building's spatial configuration, Bourges' singular vision is no less a function of its structure. The flying buttress, which was introduced towards the end of the twelfth century, provided a powerful structural tool for the builders of both Chartres and Bourges because it provided the technology necessary to build very high, vaulted buildings without using a cumbersome, galleried construction. The artistic emancipation resulting from the use of the flying buttress provided a strong impetus, not only to re-evaluate the Early Gothic aesthetic, but also to develop an entirely new appreciation of structure itself. The Bourges architect capitalized on both aspects of the flying buttress, availing of the artistic opportunities it gave to the building as a whole, and of the aesthetic properties inherent within it. Bourges' flyers manifest a clear understanding of the structural dynamics of masonry construction and a profound desire to exalt those structural properties to a point where they visually contribute to the realization of the designer's spatial concept. They are daringly slender, steeply profiled, supporting members which transfer the thrust of the main vaults to the heads of similarly slight pier buttresses. The designer audaciously employed very spare supporting members, not only to economize on the amount of material used, but also to reduce the elements to essential visual minima. The flyers create the characteristically erect exterior profile of the building and provide a unifying element for its three tiers which correspond to the interior volumes. They are not only vital to the stability of the building but also to its appearance, betraying the designer's awareness of the aesthetic potential of structure which sets him apart from his contemporaries. Unlike Chartres, Bourges' vision was rarely reformulated in its entirety; its success as a whole was too heavily dependent on the building's size and particular configuration. Although its elevation was rearticulated in several buildings in France, Spain, and even Italy, and the building's structural system was extremely precocious, Bourges' design never became an architectural formula because it was ill-adapted to the thirteenth-century liturgy. Its lack of a transept and the consequent unification of space failed to reflect the separation of laity and clergy which became increasingly marked in the liturgy from the twelfth century on. Furthermore, the building did not provide the variety of liturgical spaces requisite to thirteenth-century worship. Although Bourges failed to make as visible and lasting an impression on subsequent buildings as Chartres, it represents a profoundly unique architectural statement which marks a particular, creative moment in the history of medieval architecture. / Arts, Faculty of / Art History, Visual Art and Theory, Department of / Graduate

No description available.

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Delaware, 2005. / Principal faculty advisor: Nina Athanassoglou-Kallmyer, Dept. of Art History. Includes bibliographical references.

Avec "Les roses flamboyantes en France", nous avons voulu présenter une étude systématique d'un sujet encore neuf. Près de quatre-vingt roses, réalisées entre 1380 et 1550, ont d'abord été classifiées en quatre grands types de remplage: les souffiets-mouchettes, les rose à pétales, les multiples cercles, les divers polygones. Par ailleurs, trois périodes principales ont été distinguées : entre 1380 et 1435, entre 1435 et 1480, entre 1480 et 1550. Les derniers chapitres sont consacrés aux roses appréhendées dans leur province respective, afin de mieux souligner leurs tendances et caractères propres, comme la fusion des motifs en Picardie (Amiens, Abbeville), ou encore l'harmonie des roses des Chambiges autour de Paris. / Montréal Trigonix inc. 2018

L'ambition générale de cette recherche est d'éclairer les modes de production et les fonctions du dessin militaire durant l'époque moderne. L'analyse s'étend de la naissance du dessin militaire propre à l'architecture moderne à partir du début du XVIe siècle jusqu'à l'instauration normative de son enseignement par le biais d'écoles militaires au milieu du XVIIIe siècle. Les types de représentations graphiques (de l'esquisse au dessin de présentation) utilisés par les ingénieurs du roy sont analysés à travers, d'une part, les publications spécialisées (textes théoriques & iconographies des traités) et, d'autre part, les réalisations a mano des ingénieurs (cartes et plans). Pour mener à bien cette analyse, un plan bipartite a été adopté. La première partie de notre étude est consacrée à l'analyse des modèles (discours et iconographie) proposés aux ingénieurs militaires pour les aider à réaliser leurs dessins. Les traités de fortification et les ouvrages techniques sur le dessin publiés durant l'époque moderne sont étudiés afin de comprendre la naissance, la mise en place et l'évolution des codes académiques du dessin militaire. A partir de quelle époque une littérature spécialisée enseignant le dessin paraît-elle et quels principes divulgue- t-elle ? Quels conseils pouvaient aider efficacement les ingénieurs dans la réalisation effective de leurs plans ? Pouvait-il trouver des recettes dans les textes pour fabriquer leurs lavis, des méthodes pour construire leurs perspectives ? Quelles sont les lois qui réglementaient leurs cartes et plans, leurs tonalités de lavis pour exprimer les ouvrages militaires? La deuxième partie de notre étude concerne l'application effective des principes du dessin par les ingénieurs militaires. Pour illustrer ce travail un fonds iconographique précis a été isolé : le fonds Amérique Septentrionale du Département des Fortifications des Colonies qui se compose de 333 documents iconographiques réalisés par les ingénieurs militaires royaux envoyés en Nouvelle-France durant l'époque coloniale française (1608-1759). L'étude est organisée autour de la lecture de leurs cartes et plans qui permet de mettre à jour les différentes facettes du dessin militaire et la façon dont les ingénieurs ont appliqué pratiquement les codes théoriques du dessin étudiés dans la première partie. Les différents types de dessin et leurs fonctions au sein de la production générale des projets d'architecture militaire sont analysés. Ce volet de notre étude permet de conforter textes théoriques et applications pratiques du dessin militaire. / Québec Université Laval, Bibliothèque 2013

Dol-de-Bretagne, ancienne cité archiépiscopale, avec son plan en arête de poisson, ressemble à de nombreuses villes médiévales au plan catégorique. A l'ouest, le palais épiscopal, la cathédrale ont formé dès le IXe siècle, un pôle de peuplement protégé par un renforcement des éléments défensifs. A l'extrémité est, la place, l'église Notre-Dame semblent avoir constitué un autre pôle. Le peuplement s'accompagne de l'élaboration d'un système de défense et la présence de la motte castrale, attestée par les textes, montre la division et l'emprise seigneuriale sur l'espace urbain. Ce schéma, bien implanté au XIIe siècle, se transforma par l'édification de défenses plus appropriées aux nouvelles réalités politiques, sociales et économiques. Elles furent, comme dans le cas d'autres villes fortifiées (Vitré par exemple), le fruit des recherches architecturales. Le palais reflète l'affirmation symbolique et militaire des évêques. Les dernières décennies du XVe siècle marquèrent la «fossilisation» du tissu urbain dolois. / Québec Université Laval, Bibliothèque 2013