Submitted by PPG Odontologia (odontologia-pg@pucrs.br) on 2018-06-01T18:37:11Z No. of bitstreams: 1 HELENA_REIS_DE_SOUZA_DIS.pdf: 2120172 bytes, checksum: 2d2cf27eb62820567fad6473013b8fe7 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Caroline Xavier (caroline.xavier@pucrs.br) on 2018-06-11T20:49:07Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 HELENA_REIS_DE_SOUZA_DIS.pdf: 2120172 bytes, checksum: 2d2cf27eb62820567fad6473013b8fe7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-11T20:52:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 HELENA_REIS_DE_SOUZA_DIS.pdf: 2120172 bytes, checksum: 2d2cf27eb62820567fad6473013b8fe7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-01-24 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / Objective: Quantify the metal ion release of different brazing and welding methods in the saliva of patients that need a lingual arch appliance and evaluate the surfaces of soldered and welded bands in scanning el?ctron microscopy (SEM). Material and Methods: 64 patients were selected and distributed into four groups: Group 1 (21 patients that did not need a lingual arch), group 2 (16 patients that needed a lingual arch and had the appliance manufactured with the silver solder brazing method), group 3 (14 patients that needed a lingual arch and had the appliance manufactured with the laser welding method) and group 4 (13 patients that needed a lingual arch and had the appliance manufactured with the TIG welding method). Saliva samples were collected at different points in time (before treatment, 7 days after placing appliance, 15 days after placing appliance and 30 days after placing appliance) and were analyzed with an ICP mass spectrometer followed by generalized estimating equation modeling with a 5% level of significance. In addition, 9 bands with steel joints were evaluated in SEM to compare the surface of the 3 different joining techniques (brazing, laser welding and TIG welding). Results: For ions Cr, Fe, Cu and Sn comparing concentrations between groups, there was no difference in the variation along the collections and there was no statistically significant difference throughout the collections for any of the groups when comparing these ions concentrations. For Ni, values were compared in groups and at points in time, and an interaction effect was seen (P<0.001). For Zn, Ag, and Cd there was no difference along the points in time. For Zn there was statistic difference from group 4 to groups 1 and 2; for Ag there was statistic difference from group 4 to groups 2 and 3. For Cd there was statistic difference from T1 for T4 in all groups. Digital images were generated and showed different surface characteristics. Brazing presented a flatter and smoother area, while laser and TIG welding developed rougher areas. Conclusions: Orthodontics appliances may affect salivary ion concentrations in vivo over the short term evaluated. For most ions evaluated there was no increasing significant release comparing types of soldering/welding and comparing values throughout the points in time at the same group. Levels resembled those already documented and remained below the daily dietary metals intake. Nevertheless, small amounts of metal ions are able to induce allergic reactions and should be considered. The protocol performed for conventional welding, together with a suitable 7 finishing and polishing, guarantees a more regular welded ring surface. The protocols for laser and TIG welding still have undefined aspects, and the need for filling material must be evaluated to cover irregularities and prevent failures. / Objetivo: Avaliar e quantificar a presen?a de ?ons met?licos na saliva de pacientes em uso de arco lingual com diferentes tipos de soldagem e avaliar as superf?cies de an?is soldados por diferentes t?cnicas em microscopia eletr?nica de varredura (MEV). Material e M?todo: 64 pacientes foram selecionados e distribu?dos em quatro grupos: grupo 1 (21 pacientes sem necessidade de uso de arco lingual), grupo 2 (16 pacientes em uso de arco lingual, sendo o aparelho fabricado pelo m?todo de soldagem a prata), grupo 3 (14 pacientes em uso de arco lingual, sendo o aparelho fabricado pelo m?todo de soldagem a laser) e grupo 4 (13 pacientes em uso de arco lingual, sendo o aparelho fabricado pelo m?todo de soldagem TIG). Amostras de saliva foram coletadas em diferentes tempos (inicial ? sem aparelho, 7, 15 dias e 30 dias ap?s a coloca??o do aparelho) e foram analisadas em ICP-MS seguido de an?lise estat?stica para compara??o pelo modelo de equa??es de estimativas generalizadas com n?vel de signific?ncia de 5%. Al?m disso, 9 an?is com fios de a?o soldados foram avaliados em MEV para comparar as t?cnicas de soldagem a prata, soldagem a laser e soldagem a TIG em rela??o ? superf?cie. Resultados: Para as concentra??es de ?ons Cr, Fe, Cu e Sn comparadas entre os grupos, n?o houve diferen?a na varia??o ao longo das cole??es e n?o houve diferen?a estatisticamente significativa ao longo das coletas para os grupos. Para Ni, os valores foram comparados em grupos e tempos de coleta, encontrando um efeito de intera??o (P<0,001). Para Zn, Ag, e Cd, n?o houve diferen?a ao longo dos pontos no tempo. Para Zn houve diferen?a estat?stica do grupo 4 para os grupos 1 e 2; Para Ag houve diferen?a estat?stica do grupo 4 para os grupos 2 e 3. Para Cd houve diferen?a estat?stica de T1 para T4 em todos os grupos. Imagens digitais apresentaram caracter?sticas de superf?cie diferentes para cada m?todo de soldagem testado. A solda de prata apresentou uma ?rea mais lisa e suave, enquanto a soldagem a laser e a TIG desenvolveu ?reas mais irregulares. Conclus?es: Aparelhos ortod?nticos podem afetar as concentra??es de ?ons em um curto per?odo de avalia??o. Para a maioria dos ?ons avaliados, n?o houve aumento significativo na libera??o comparando tipos de solda e comparando valores em todos os pontos no mesmo grupo. Os n?veis se assemelham aos j? publicados na literatura e est?o abaixo dos limites para ingest?o di?ria na dieta. No entanto, pequenas quantidades de ?ons met?licos s?o capazes de induzir rea??es al?rgicas e devem 7 ser consideradas. O protocolo realizado para soldagem convencional, juntamente com acabamento e polimento adequados, garante uma superf?cie mais regular. Os protocolos para soldagem laser e TIG ainda possuem aspectos indefinidos e a necessidade de material de preenchimento deve ser avaliada para cobrir irregularidades e evitar falhas.