Techn. Universiẗat, Diss., 2000--Berlin.

Berlin, Freie Universiẗat, Diss., 2000. / Dateiformat: zip, Dateien im PDF-Format.

Bochum, Universiẗat, Diss., 2001.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:49:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:00:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 09878.pdf: 6131893 bytes, checksum: 6f914465126a59ad76dc82dbeae6a39f (MD5) / Tese (Doutoramento) / IPEN/T / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:54:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:07:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / O titânio é um material leve e resistente que possui aplicações em várias áreas, das quais podemos destacar a área médica, a aeronáutica e a nuclear. Porém, devido à sua alta reatividade a altas temperaturas com o oxigênio e outros elementos químicos presentes no ar, a soldagem deste material pode ser muito difícil. O uso de fontes de energia de alta intensidade como o laser, produz uma menor zona afetada pelo calor, diminuindo a área oxidada. Porém, mesmo assim há a necessidade do uso de uma atmosfera de proteção neutra, formada por hélio, argônio ou misturas destes gases. Esta atmosfera interage com o processo através de mudanças na formação de plasma, modificando as características da solda, como a largura do cordão e a penetração, podendo também provocar o aparecimento de porosidades nestes cordões. Neste trabalho foi verificada a influência do uso de argônio, hélio e misturas destes gases na soldagem com laser pulsado da liga Ti6Al4V. Também foi feito um estudo verificando a necessidade do uso de diferentes fluxos e dispositivos de proteção na soldagem. Foi verificado que as características físicas e mecânicas do cordão d solda não são modificadas significativamente pelos gases, e que apesar de haver um aumento na dureza pela falta de uma proteção de raiz, esta também não causa efeitos negativos na resistência da solda. Na soldagem do mesmo material com laser contínuo foram estudadas as influências dos parâmetros de soldagem, comparando-os com simulações matemáticas. Os resultados mostraram que a simulação pode ser utilizada para prever a largura do cordão de solda e das zonas afetadas pelo calor e oxidadas. / Dissertação (Mestrado) / IPEN/D / Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP / FAPESP:06/52778-1

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The experiment in this study involves the extinguishment of a low-pressure argon discharge by a magnetic field.

The improvement of the indicated thermal efficiency of an argon power cycle (replacing nitrogen with argon in the combustion reaction) is investigated in a CFR engine at high compression ratios in homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) mode. The study combines the two effects that can increase the thermodynamic efficiency as predicted by the ideal Otto cycle: high specific heat ratio (provided by argon), and high compression ratios. However, since argon has relatively low heat capacity (at constant volume), it results in high in-cylinder temperatures, which in turn, leads to the occurrence of knock. Knock limits the feasible range of compression ratios and further increasing the compression ratio can cause serious damage to the engine due to the high pressure rise rate caused by advancing the combustion phasing. The technique proposed in this study in order to avoid intense knock of an argon cycle at high compression ratios is to cool the intake charge to subzero temperatures which leads to lower in-cylinder temperatures and hence, less possibility of having knock. The main variable in this study was the intake temperature which was investigated at 40.0 °C and -6.0 °C which corresponded to low and high compression ratios, respectively. Emission analysis shows that the low in-cylinder temperature of the cooled case led to less complete combustion, and so, lower combustion efficiency. Since nitrogen is replaced with argon, NOx was only formed in negligible amounts due to some nitrogen traces in the used gasses cylinders. Furthermore, the cooled charge required more work to be done in the gas exchange process due to the decrease in the intake pressure caused by cooling the intake which deteriorated the gas exchange efficiency. The heat losses factor was found to be the main parameter that dictated the improvement of the thermodynamic efficiency and it was found that the indicated thermal efficiency was deteriorated for the cooled case as a result of all the aforementioned factors. Although the values of the thermodynamic efficiency at high compression ratios did not meet the expectations based on the ideal Otto cycle due to the assumptions of the ideal cycle, the obtained values, in general, are relatively high.