The problem in this investigation has a three-fold purpose: namely, (1) to determine the results of delaying formal arithmetic until the fourth grade; (2) to ascertain the results reflected in the reading abilities of children when the time ordinarily spent on drill and organized instruction in arithmetic is given to reading, the diverted time being spent in reading arithmetic stories, playing games, and in using other arithmetical processes in connection with school activities; (3) to compare the results of a behavior journal kept for each child in the experimental group and in the control group.

The purpose of this investigation is to make a comparative study of compiled data obtained from the results of three standardized tests that were given to six classes of pupils enrolled in seventh-grade arithmetic and to determine, within the limits established for this study, the relative effectiveness of each of the two teaching methods employed: traditional and experience.

The problem for this study is to determine whether or not teaching children to check arithmetic problems contributes to accuracy (1) in problem solving, (2) in forming the habit of checking, and (3) in several other phases of school work.

"Wanting to help children to overcome any fears that might be foremost in them, the writer wishes to make a study of principles of teaching arithmetic and apply in the classroom certain of these principles in an effort to help children hurdle their great fear of arithmetic"--Introduction. / "August 1956." / Typescript. / "Submitted to the Graduate Council of Florida State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts." / Advisor: Mildred Swearingen, Professor Directing Paper. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 29-30).

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This case study centres round an afterschool intervention programme aimed at enhancing mental computation skills of Grade 8 learners at a secondary school in the Erongo educational region of Namibia. Nine research participants took part in the study, and the mental computational strategies exhibited by these participants constitutes the unit of analysis. The study is anchored within an interpretive paradigm and is theoretically underpinned by constructivist epistemology. Kilpatrick, Swafford and Findell’s (2001) model of mathematical proficiency provides the conceptual framework supporting the study. The research was carried out in four sequential phases – an initial pre-test, the intervention itself, a follow-up post-test, and a focus group discussion. The study highlights the underdevelopment of mental computation skills and the associated lack of appropriate mental computational strategies in secondary school learners. It is recommended that appropriate time within the school curriculum be allocated for the development of learners’ mental computation skills.

The purposes of this study were 1) to determine the effect upon the arithmetic computation, concepts, and application skills of pupils when the regular instructional program in arithmetic at the fifth- and seventh-grade levels was supplemented with the Cyclo-Teacher (2) programmed materials; 2) to determine the effect upon the arithmetic computation, concepts, and application skills of pupils when the regular instructional program in arithmetic at the fifth- and seventh-grade levels was supplemented with the Mental Computation (6) materials.