Acionamentos elétricos em corrente contínua ainda são largamente empregados em plantas industriais. Os modelos usualmente adotados para os motores envolvem diversas simplificações, desprezando os efeitos da reação de armadura. Neste trabalho, foi realizada uma pesquisa bibliográfica a fim de se encontrar modelos matemáticos que contemplassem os efeitos da reação de armadura em máquinas CC. Devido à escassez de material encontrado, optou-se por desenvolver um modelo próprio com base em dados obtidos experimentalmente em ensaios de laboratório. Tal modelo, o qual foi validado através da comparação com os dados experimentais, visa a contemplação dos principais efeitos da reação de armadura tanto no circuito de campo como também no circuito de armadura. / DC motor drives are still extensively used in industrial plants. The motor models usually adopted involve several simplifications, neglecting armature reaction effects. In this work, an extensive bibliographical survey was carried on so that references of mathematical models that account for the armature reaction effects on DC machines could be found. The lack published material on the subject led us to undertake laboratory experiments on a DC machine in order to evaluate the effects of the armature current on the field circuit and on the armature circuit as well. Finally, a mathematical model was derived and validated by the comparison of simulated results with real data.

Acionamentos elétricos em corrente contínua ainda são largamente empregados em plantas industriais. Os modelos usualmente adotados para os motores envolvem diversas simplificações, desprezando os efeitos da reação de armadura. Neste trabalho, foi realizada uma pesquisa bibliográfica a fim de se encontrar modelos matemáticos que contemplassem os efeitos da reação de armadura em máquinas CC. Devido à escassez de material encontrado, optou-se por desenvolver um modelo próprio com base em dados obtidos experimentalmente em ensaios de laboratório. Tal modelo, o qual foi validado através da comparação com os dados experimentais, visa a contemplação dos principais efeitos da reação de armadura tanto no circuito de campo como também no circuito de armadura. / DC motor drives are still extensively used in industrial plants. The motor models usually adopted involve several simplifications, neglecting armature reaction effects. In this work, an extensive bibliographical survey was carried on so that references of mathematical models that account for the armature reaction effects on DC machines could be found. The lack published material on the subject led us to undertake laboratory experiments on a DC machine in order to evaluate the effects of the armature current on the field circuit and on the armature circuit as well. Finally, a mathematical model was derived and validated by the comparison of simulated results with real data.

Dans un contexte ou la question de la préservation de l'environnement est devenue un sujet sociétal majeur, la recherche de nouvelles technologies pour remplacer la voiture à essence constitue un véritable enjeu industriel. Les véhicules hybrides et électriques sont une alternative prometteuse aux véhicules conventionnels. Ce travail de thèse porte sur la conception et l'optimisation des machines électriques pour la motorisation de ces voitures.Au cours de ces travaux, nous avons développé une nouvelle méthodologie de dimensionnement et d'optimisation des machines synchrones à double excitation. L'intérêt de cette méthode est son bon compromis entre la précision et le temps de calcul et sa capacité d'adaptation à plusieurs types de machines. Le second volet de la thèse est consacré à la proposition d'une nouvelle structure de machine synchrone à rotor bobiné. Une technique originale de compensation de la réaction magnétique d'induit est mise en place, elle consiste en l'insertion d'aimants secondaires permettant de créer un flux dans l'axe q de la machine. Ce dernier a pour rôle d'affaiblir le flux de la réaction magnétique d'induit. / In a context where the question of the environmental protection has become a major social problem, research new technologies to replace the gasoline car is a real industrial challenge. The hybrid and electric vehicles are a promising alternative to conventional vehicles. This thesis focuses on the design and optimization of electrical machines for electric and hybrid cars.In this work, we developed a new methodology for design and optimization of hybrid excitation synchronous machines. The advantage of this method is its good compromise between accuracy and computation time and its ability to be adapted to a wide range of machines. The second part of this thesis is devoted to the development of a new structure of a wound rotor synchronous machine. A novel technique for compensating the armature reaction of this machine is introduced, it involves the insertion of secondary magnets to produce a quadratic axis flux (q-axis), this latter has the function of weakening the armature reaction flux.

This master thesis investigates the possibilities for performance improvements of synchronous machines with unidirectional application.The literature review part presents theories and applications of asymmetrical machine. Four categories regarding asymmetrical machine, namely mixed pole, saturation mitigation, pole shifting and asymmetrical pole shaping, are summarized. It is shown that asymmetrical concept offers characteristic improvement in one or both rotational directions. A field winding synchronous model was used in FEM simulation (FLUX 2D). Armature reaction effecton this machine is investigated. It is found that armature reaction has different effects with varying current angle.Two ideas regarding asymmetrical pole shaping are investigated. First of all, pole shoe cutting idea is investigated. It leads to increased airgap length and less output torque. Secondly, progressive airgap idea shows reduced armature reaction effect and improved power factor, but higher torque ripple.Furthermore, an improved idea is suggested to reduce the torque ripple. Performance improvement by assisted permanent magnet is also studied. Four ideas of this field are investigated. It is found that permanent magnet can be used to reduce saturation, improve power factor and output torque. The reasons for limited improvements are analyzed.