Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T12:40:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1053252 bytes, checksum: a973be809a979b5319cfa651d5150b33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-08-27 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Ce travail étudie les lettres de Machado de Assis, en les vérifiant par les contraintes rhétoriques de l´ars dictaminis, en démontrant leurs thématiques les plus expressives. L´importance de cet étude c´est due, surtout, à deux grandes raisons: 1) les lettres sont analisées tandis que appartenantes à une tradition épistolaire, avec les prescriptions qui leurs sont inhérentes, et pas seulement comme des écrits qui fournissent des donnés tantôt subjectifs tantôt objectifs à propos de la biographie de l´auteur; 2) Machado de Assis est étudié à partir d´un aspect pas connu ou peu valorisé par la critique et par l´historiographie littéraire brésilienne. Après analiser la place de la lettre dans le scénario de la littérature au Brésil et de sillonner ce qui a été déjà dit ou ce qui a été laissé d´être dit critiquement par rapport à l´écriture épistolaire Machadienne, le présent travail démontre quelques absences thématiques et leurs possibles raisons, au même temps qui souligne le caractère rhétorique de la persona epistolar, et qui remarque les sujets les plus récurrents de ces textes. Il émerge des lettres un eu-missivista gêné par la vieillesse et par les maladies, en se rapportant pas rarement à la solitude et à l´imminence de la mort, en marmottant de l´excès de travail, au même temps que les lettres figurent l´image de l´auteur comme un homme discret, sérieux, travailleur, amant des lettres, chargé de conduire la crítica-amiga d´un groupe de compères écrivains. À la fin, la recherche présente les références metalinguistiques remarquées dans le discours épistolaire de Machado, lesquelles suggèrent des pratiques et des significations de l´écriture des lettres particulières de l´époque de l´auteur. / Este trabalho estuda as cartas de Machado de Assis, enfocando-as pelo viés da retórica da ars dictaminis, bem como levantando as temáticas mais expressivas das epístolas. O estudo mostra-se relevante, entre outros aspectos, devido a dois grandes motivos: 1º) as cartas são analisadas enquanto pertencentes a uma tradição epistolar, com prescrições que lhe são inerentes, e não apenas como escritos que fornecem dados subjetivos ou objetivos à biografia do autor; 2º) Machado de Assis é estudado sob um ângulo desconhecido ou pouco valorizado pela crítica e pela historiografia literária brasileira. Após analisar o lugar da carta no cenário da literatura no Brasil e fazer um mapeamento do que já foi dito ou deixou de ser dito criticamente sobre a epistolografia machadiana, o presente trabalho mostra algumas ausências temáticas, com seus supostos motivos, o caráter retórico da persona epistolar, bem como os assuntos mais recorrentes dos textos. Emerge das cartas um eu-missivista incomodado com a velhice e as enfermidades, referindo-se não raramente à solidão e à iminência da morte, resmungando do excesso de trabalho, ao mesmo tempo em que as cartas constroem uma imagem do autor como um homem discreto, sério, trabalhador, amante das letras, liderando a crítica-amiga de uma roda de compadres literatos. Por fim, apresentam-se referências metalinguísticas contidas no discurso epistolar de Machado, que sugerem práticas e significados da escrita de cartas na época do escritor.

The topic of this dissertation is a Medieval collection of 116 love letters (and fragments thereof), composed in all likelihood in the 12th century and commonly known today as "Epistulae duorum amantium". The only extant copy, penned by the Librarian of Clairvaux Abbey, comes from the latter half of the 15th century. The manuscript was discovered no sooner than in the 1970s and has been a subject of many questions ever since: It is not clear who the author of the original is or if the scribe copied a collection of genuine intimate correspondence or a work of rhetorical fiction (of the "ars dictaminis" genre). Nevertheless, certain aspects of the narrative and the relationship between the two lovers as depicted in the texts make some contemporary Medieval scholars believe that the collection might be an authentic record of the correspondence between the influential French theologian Abélard and his student Heloïse, written during the period of their mutual intensive romantic attachment. The aim of this dissertation is to present a complete Czech translation of the collection, accompanied by commentary and, using relevant works of secondary literature, to assess the current stage of research regarding the authenticity of the correspondence and its authorship.

In Czech historiography Queen Kunhuta has been quite neglected. Her figure has not been investigated in monographs or specific studies. She can be somehow included within the group of defamed queens, which is especially rich in the Middle Ages. This negative image of the queen finds its origin in medieval chronicles, which blamed Kunhuta for her love affair with Záviš of Falkenštejn, who was accused of being one of the promoters of the defeat of Otakar II. Kunhuta's negative portrayal has been very stable and despite its rehabilitation in the most recent studies, it probably influenced scholars' disinterest in the part she performed as a political agent. The documentary material preserved shows that her active role in Bohemian society of the thirteenth century deserves more attention. She was involved in various administrative and political tasks. The first chapter of the thesis should provide an approach to the study of the queen, which mediates between a partial point of view and Kunhuta's multi-faceted image. It should introduce a figure to whom is linked a letter collection, which represents the main theme of the present dissertation (i.e. the letter collection of master Bohuslav, probably a chaplain and notary of the queen). The analysis and the critical edition of the source can be found in...

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