<p>For what secular purposes did Spanish artists absorb into Marian Immaculate Conception devotional art the attributes of the Apocalyptic Woman from the Book of Revelation? In this absorption of a traditionally active Apocalypse motif into a traditionally inactive Marian motif, were artists and patrons responding to religious, political, and cultural turmoil of multi-faith Iberian societies? I argue that a shift in Marian iconography paralleled consolidation of Castilian national identity in the late-fifteenth and early-sixteenth centuries. This consolidation manifests in the Virgen Abridera at the Convent of the Concepcion de las Madres Agustinas, dated 1520 in Toledo, Spain. This mutable sculpture, also called a Shrine Madonna, Triptych Virgin, or Vierge Ouvrante, is an example of the tota pulchra Immaculate Conception motif, the absorption of Apocalyptic Woman imagery, and the transference in narratives from the Joys of Mary to the Sorrows of Mary?all the products of contemporary Franciscan and Spanish worldviews.

<p> This paper examines the cultural and material history of early Modern Britain as demonstrated through the art acquisitions and art and architectural commissions of the Earls of Pembroke at Wilton House in Wiltshire.</p><p> By examining the collection of the 4^th Earl, it is demonstrated that the cultural authority was firmly in the hands of the monarchy. With the Civil War and subsequent execution of Charles I in 1649, the previously held power of the monarch as central artistic authority was diminished. This is demonstrated in the collection of Philip&rsquo;s grandson Thomas, 8^th Earl of Pembroke. The nature of Thomas&rsquo;s collection and role in the scientific enlightenment in England suggest that cultural authority has shifted away from the monarchy to science and the academy.</p><p> The examination of the primary source materials for this project is supported by the usage of Omeka, a web based archiving and presentation tool used by archives and museums field of digital humanities.</p><p>

<p> This paper is a review and discussion of the career of French runway photographer, Guy Marineau. It specifically explores his tenure at Fairchild Publications between the years 1975-1985, contextualized by his personal experience and the history of the fashion show. Prior to shooting the runway, Marineau photographed conflicts in Portugal and Israel. Traumatized by war, Marineau, decided to realign his career towards capturing beauty.</p><p> Fashion shows emerged around the turn of the century, and press coverage of them has been long fraught with complications due to the threat of copyists reproducing unlicensed designs. During the mid-1950s John Fairchild tirelessly challenged the strict embargo set by the <i>Chambre Syndicale</i> that restricted the immediate release of images taken at couture shows. Yet by the 1960s, the demise of the haute couture was imminent, and couturiers resorted to licensing to keep their houses afloat, which in turn, reestablished their relationship with the press.</p><p> Since his start at Fairchild Publications, Marineau approached runway photography through the eyes of a war photographer. Marineau's work improved vastly as he grasped how to shoot fashion shows and was one of the first to challenge the established protocol by leaving his editor for the end of the runway. His photographs kept pace alongside his continuously evolving subject, the fashion show, and with advancements to camera technology. Relatively unknown, Marineau's work remains an undiscovered wealth of fashion history. His photographs are a testament to the once-diverse genre of runway photography that is slowly being replaced by the standardized runway photographs now linked with fashion websites.</p>

<p> Shigeru Mizuki (1922-2015) is one of the most sophisticated and accomplished of modern manga artists. His work synthesizes ancient and modern Japanese visual artistic methods with contemporary tropes from Western graphic art to tell profound and complex stories that reflect major themes of war and the supernatural world. This thesis argues that Mizuki&rsquo;s work should be reevaluated as a valuable contribution to modern art based on the following three qualities: technical mastery and innovation in visual art; socio-political and philosophical depth of content; and his impact on other contemporary Japanese artists. Such study is significant because of the popularity of manga and other graphic art in shaping both popular culture and the view of art adopted by younger generations. Thus, studying Mizuki has implications for our understanding of art and its intersection with popular culture, and raises questions regarding whether popular media like manga should be considered seriously by art historians. </p><p>

<p> Because of the lack of provenance or accompanying text, the depictions of anthropomorphized animals on ancient Egyptian New Kingdom ostraca and papyri have long puzzled Egyptologists. Attempts to understand the ostraca usually focus on the role reversals where predatory animals serve their natural prey, which is evident in some of the motifs. Some scholars have suggested that these images are satirical and served as an outlet for mocking elite society. However, their social and cultural context, which has not been thoroughly explored until this dissertation, shows that it is unlikely that the images were considered to be negatively charged social satire. Rather, it is more likely that they were envisioned as humorous parodies of primarily elite imagery that were produced by individuals who considered themselves to be elite as well. "Anthropomorphized Animal Imagery on New Kingdom Ostraca and Papyri: Their Artistic and Social Significance" is also the first time the vignettes are given a full art historical treatment in which the formal qualities of the drawings are studied and evaluated. As a result, this dissertation addresses the aesthetic value of these drawings in ancient Egypt, which will be of interest to the discipline of art history on more general terms as well. Another section of this dissertation discusses the narrative potential of the papyri and ostraca on which these anthropomorphized images are drawn. Though the narrative qualities of these images have been discussed before, this dissertation addresses the broader concerns of visual narrative construction in ancient Egyptian art, which has thus far been given little scholarly attention. The figured ostraca and papyri on which these anthropomorphized animals are drawn show that visual narrative construction in ancient Egypt is not necessarily linear and sequential, but can also embody fluid, and more open-ended narrative constructions that is evident in not only the decorative programs of elite tombs, but in written ancient Egyptian literature as well.</p>

No quadro internacional, foi a partir do século XVII que se começou a valorizar a arquitectura medieval, acentuando-se essa mesma valorização durante o século XIX. Só então, no primeiro quartel de Oitocentos, começam a surgir os primeiros estudos que diferenciam as características formais, construtivas e iconográficas do estilo românico face estilo ao gótico. O estabelecimento de metodologias, a definição de cronologias e a caracterização estilística criaram um quadro conceptual e lançaram as bases para o avanço da disciplina no que diz respeito à alteridade do românico relativamente ao gótico. Em Portugal, o estudo sobre românico surge tardiamente quando comparado com a restante realidade europeia. Datando de 1870 a primeira obra consagrada a este estilo artístico, o seu estudo estendeu-se até aos nossos dias, afirmando-se através de sucessivas fases de conhecimento que reflectem abordagens, temas e problemáticas bem datadas. No entanto, as conquistas e evoluções que a historiografia sobre a matéria foi fazendo, materializada num vasto número de trabalhos editados, contribuíram e muito para o conhecimento actual sobre o românico português. A imagem que se foi construindo do românico acompanha a evolução da escrita sobre este momento tão representativo da arquitectura portuguesa, conotado com a formação de Portugal e com o reinado de D. Afonso Henriques (1143-1185). Esta concepção influiu sobre o modo como se restaurou a arquitectura da época românica sensivelmente ao longo da primeira metade do século XX. E isto é tanto mais significativo quanto daqui decorre a imagem actual da arquitectura românica, tal como a conhecemos hoje. Ao longo desta ampla cronologia, destacara-se três autores pela ruptura conceptual que o seu pensamento e a sua escrita sobre românico definiram. Deve-se a Augusto Filipe Simões (1835-1884) a publicação da primeira obra consagrada à arquitectura românica, as Reliquias da architectura romano-byzantina em Portugal e particularmente na cidade de Coimbra, dada ao prelo em 1870. Com Manuel Monteiro (1879-1952) foram lançadas as bases da posterior historiografia sobre a arquitectura da época românica em Portugal, definindo tipologias, classificando dialectos, estabelecendo cronologias e identificando influências. Só mais tarde, com Carlos Alberto Ferreira de Almeida (1934-1996) é que se voltou a sentir uma nova ruptura conceptual na escrita sobre românico, tendo este autor, além de muitos outros aspectos, procurado compreender o românico na sua época e na sua profunda relação antropológica com o território onde se insere. A originalidade do românico português foi sendo reconhecida pela historiografia da especialidade. A sua íntima relação com o território, a importância nuclear que os seus testemunhos arquitectónicos assumiram na organização territorial, aos mais diversos níveis, foi sendo assimilada por aqueles que se consagram ao seu estudo. Acresce ainda a percepção da forte presença de influências estrangeiras, apesar das problemáticas que se lhe associam, adaptadas que foram num contexto muito específico, onde as pré-existências assumem um papel nuclear, acentuam ainda mais o carácter único da arquitectura portuguesa da época românica. / In the international sphere, the appreciation of the medieval architecture commenced in the 17th century and increased throughout the 19th century. Only at that stage, in the first quarter of the 1800s, do the first studies which differentiate the formal, constructive and iconographic characteristics of the Romanesque style compared to the Gothic style begin to appear. The establishment of methodologies, the definition of chronologies and the stylistic characterization created a conceptual framework and launched the grounds for the development of the discipline in what concerns the alter ego of the Romanesque in relation to the Gothic. In Portugal, the study of the Romanesque occurs rather late when compared to the remaining European reality. The first artwork devoted to this artistic style dates from 1870 and its study has been carried out until the present day, being defined through successive phases of knowledge which reflect well dated approaches, themes and problematics. Nevertheless, the historiography conquests and developments made on the subject in the meantime, which materialize in a vast number of published works, largely contributed to the actual knowledge of the Portuguese Romanesque. The image that was construed of the Romanesque escorts the evolution of writings regarding such a representative moment of Portuguese architecture, which is linked to the foundation of Portugal and the kingdom of D. Afonso Henriques (1143-1185). This understanding influenced the manner in which the Romanesque period architecture was restored roughly during the first half of the 20th century. This is even more significant whereas this results in the current image of the Romanesque architecture, as we know it today. Throughout this wide chronology, three authors are distinguished due to the conceptual breakout defined by their thoughts and their writings. The publishing of the first artwork devoted to the Romanesque architecture, the Reliquias da architectura romano-byzantina em Portugal e particularmente na cidade de Coimbra, dated 1870 is owed to Augusto Filipe Simões (1835-1884). With Manuel Monteiro (1879-1952) the grounds of the subsequent historiography on Romanesque period architecture in Portugal were launched, by defining typologies, classifying dialects, establishing chronologies and identifying influences. Only later with Carlos Alberto Ferreira de Almeida (1934-1996) a new conceptual breakout in the writings on Romanesque was felt, due to the fact that this author, amongst many other aspects, tried to understand the Romanesque in its era and its profound anthropologic relationship with the territory where it is located. The originality of the Portuguese Romanesque commenced being recognized by the Romanesque historiography. Its intimate relationship with the territory, the nuclear importance which its architectonic testimonies acquire in the territorial organization, at diversified levels, has been taken on board by those devoted to its study. Additionally, the perception of the strong presence of foreign influences, despite the associated problematics and adapted in a specific context where prior artistic existences acquired a nuclear role, enhance even more the unique character of the Portuguese architecture in the Romanesque period.

Pretende a presente dissertação estudar as transformações sofridas pela Sé do Porto no século XX, resultado da acção da Direcção-Geral dos Edifícios e Monumentos Nacionais (DGEMN). Assim, balizando a nossa pesquisa entre 1929 - ano da criação da DGEMN - e 1982 - ano da criação do Instituto Português do Património Cultural, ao qual passou a estar afecta a Sé -, foi nosso principal objectivo apurar em que medida estas transformações contribuíram para o estado em que se apresenta actualmente a fisionomia da Catedral portuense. Após o estudo dos Processos dos Arquivos da DGEMN - de Obras e Administrativos, Gráficos e Fotográficos -, dedicados a este Monumento em particular, pudemos constatar que na origem das transformações esteve todo um vasto conjunto de intervenções com vista à reabilitação arquitectónica do complexo Catedralício. Deste modo, verificámos, ainda, que estas intervenções apresentaram duas naturezas distintas, decorrentes das teorias e conceitos aplicados nas acções desenvolvidas pela DGEMN, reflexo das mudanças verificadas ao nível do ambiente cultural em torno da consciencialização da salvaguarda do Património Edificado. Assim, e sensivelmente até 1946, seguiu-se uma linha mais próxima da reintegração estilística, concretizada num restauro, deveras transformador da fisionomia do próprio Monumento. Após esta data, optou-se mais por seguir uma acção pautada pelos princípios da conservação, ou seja, da manutenção do Monumento no estado em que este foi encontrado. Para ambos os períodos tivemos sempre em atenção que no modo de tratar a envolvente do Monumento foram seguidos, aproximadamente, estes princípios e conceitos. De um modo inédito a pesquisa que realizámos veio, ainda, a revelar que toda esta atenção especial dada em Portugal aos Monumentos ao longo do século XX, em particular, teve a sua origem em todo um ambiente cultural e teórico que se foi paulatinamente desenvolvendo na cidade do Porto, a partir da acção de sensibilização protagonizada por Joaquim de Vasconcelos e por Marques Abreu e que depois se estendeu a um grupo maior, ainda restrito, o Núcleo do Porto, que adoptou como causa o culto dos Monumentos. / This dissertation intends to study the transformations undergone by the See of Oporto in the 20th century, in consequence of the action of the Direcção-Geral dos Edifícios e Monumentos Nacionais - DGEMN (General-Direction of the National Buildings and Monuments). Thus, limiting our research between 1929 - the year of DGEMN's creation - and 1982 - the year of the creation of the Instituto Português do Património Cultural (Portuguese Institute of Cultural Heritage), to which the See became formally linked -, our main goal was to find out to which extent these transformations contributed to the present state of the Oporto Cathedral's physiognomy. After studying the Files of DGEMN's Archives - of Works and Administrative, Graphic and Photographic -, related to this Monument in particular, we were able to realize that in the origin of the transformations there was a vast number of interventions with a view to architectonic rehabilitation of the Cathedral's complex. In this way, we ascertained further that these interventions were of two different natures, resulting from the theories and concepts applied in the actions developed by DGEMN, a reflex of the changes that occurred at the level of the cultural environment around the consciousness of the safeguard of the Built Heritage. In this way, and till about 1946, a course closer to stylistic reintegration was followed, realized in restoration, really transformer of the Monument's physiognomy. After this date, the main option was to follow an action regulated by the principles of conservation, in other words, of maintaining the state in which the Monument was found. For both periods we kept always in mind that in the way of treating the Monument's surroundings these principles and concepts were approximately followed. In an unprecedented way the research we made also revealed that all this special attention paid in Portugal to the Monuments during the 20th century, in particular, had its origin in a cultural and theoretical environment that developed gradually in the city of Oporto, starting with the awareness action led by Joaquim de Vasconcelos and Marques Abreu and later extended to a larger group, yet still limited, the Nucleus of Oporto, that adopted the cult of the Monuments as a cause.

No description available.

The work deals with the concept of beautiful style and its use in Czech literature of art history. Jaromír Pečírka introduced the term known from German professional literature to the Czech environment in the 1930s in relation to sculpture. It was applied to the history of Gothic painting by Antonín Matějček. After a short turnaround, associated with the name of Pavel Kropáček, the tradition of using the term was renewed by Jaroslav Pešina, who created a concept valid and recognized to this day. In relation to sculpture, Albert Kutal and his successor Jaromír Homolka had a similar role. The Czech specificity is the application of the term in relation to architecture, which was dealt with mainly by Dobroslav Líbal. Among the younger researchers, the work of Milena Bartlová, Jan Royt, Jan Klípa and Michaela Ottová is followed. The work follows individual concepts and their changes.