Thesis (M Med Pharmacy)--University of Limpopo, 2011 / Most pharmaceutical agents can result in side effects and toxicities that in some instances may be life threatening, especially if there is delay in their recognition. For various reasons it is therefore imperative to study adverse events associated with antiretroviral agents (ARVs). The aim of this study was to study the adverse events in adult HIV-infected patients receiving antiretroviral therapy at a public health treatment site, and to quantify the frequency of adverse events in different population subgroups. A retrospective cohort study was conducted in a sample of 99 patients (i.e. 70% females and 30% males) from a public health clinic providing antiretroviral drugs to more than 1500 patients. The reported adverse events were neurological disorders (33%), rash (17%), gastrointestinal toxicity (16%), lactic acidosis (14%), hepatitis (7%), lipodystrophy (7%), pancreatitis (5%), IRIS (3%), anaemia (1%), and gynaecomastia (1%). Based on the analysis of the presented data in this report, age, weight, gender, and pCD4 count are not the predictors for the development of lactic acidosis, pancreatitis, and peripheral neuropathy. The duration of treatment was found to be the predictor for the development of lactic acidosis, pancreatitis, and peripheral neuropathy in this study sample. More frequent and closer monitoring of the reported adverse events will be necessary for patients treated longer on ART. Information bias is possible as case data for all reported adverse effects were collected retrospectively from hand-written patient records which were not consistent and standardised.

No description available.

<p>Vissa vill ha en liten och behändig sällskapshund. Andra söker en jaktkamratmed starka ben och ett gott luktsinne. Uppfödarna formar hundarna helt eftertycke och smak, men glömmer att i stort sett alla hundar som ett resultat av detfår ärftliga sjukdomar och defekter.</p>

Vissa vill ha en liten och behändig sällskapshund. Andra söker en jaktkamratmed starka ben och ett gott luktsinne. Uppfödarna formar hundarna helt eftertycke och smak, men glömmer att i stort sett alla hundar som ett resultat av detfår ärftliga sjukdomar och defekter.

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

Diss. Uppsala : Uppsala universitet, 2005.

Background: A national roll-out of antiretroviral therapy in the public sector was started in 2004, and Paarl was one of the first sites to start these services in the Western Cape. Operational research is required to guide the continuous improvement of such services. This research aimed to describe the characteristics of the treatment cohort started at TC Newman CDC’s ARV clinic in Paarl, to determine the retention in treatment rate and to assess the clinical and virological outcomes. Methods: A retrospective descriptive and observational study was done at the TC Newman ARV clinic in Paarl. All adult HIV positive patients that were started on antiretroviral therapy in the given time period were included. Patient and treatment data had been collected in an electronic database (e-register) and were extracted and analysed. Results: Starters: Out of the 2469 patients that were enrolled for ARV treatment between February 2004 and December 2010, 2254 started locally (the rest transferred in). 64% of them were female (decreasing rate over the years). Strugglers: By June 2011 51.5% of patients were still on ARVs, 6.9% patients had died, 16.7% had been ‘transferred out’and 24.7% were reported as ‘Lost to Follow-up’. 40% of the attrition of the cohort occurred in the first 6 months, 70% in the first 18 months. Stayers: Of the 1172 patients retained after start at TC Newman CDC, 1023 (87.3%) were still on Regime 1 and 149 (12.7%) on Regime 2. Conclusions: The results of this treatment cohort (mortality, treatment retention and regimen durability) equal those in other published treatment cohorts, although very limited comparable data are available. However, the high ‘lost to follow-up’ rate is of concern and needs further investigation. Changes in the programme structure and environment tend to have an immediate effect on initiation numbers of new patients.

<p> </p><p>I denna studie har fem personer, tre män och två kvinnor intervjuats. Alla är idag nyktra missbrukare. Studiens syfte har varit att försöka ta reda på vilka uppfattningar och tankar före detta missbrukare har om arvet respektive miljöns påverkan för risken att utveckla missbruk. För att kunna belysa och beskriva tankar kring denna fråga har ett kvalitativt angreppssätt med fem semistrukturerade intervjuer använts som bearbetats utifrån en hermeneutisk ansats. I dessa intervjuer har det försökts att fånga upplevelser och förstå hur före detta missbrukares känner och tänker om arvet respektive miljön har haft betydelse för deras fall eller i någon annans utveckling av missbruk. I studien framkommer att både f.d. missbrukare och litteraturen menar att arv och miljö spelar roll för om och hur ett missbruk kommer att utveckla sig.</p><p> </p><p>De nyckelord som använts i intervjuerna varit: familjesituation, uppväxtförhållanden, eget bruk/missbruk, arv & miljö. Som Svenska sökord som använts vid sökning av litteratur har varit: arv, miljö, missbruk och de engelska har varit abuse, family situation och dysfunctional.</p>