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Caracterização de uma aril-álcool oxidase do fungo termofílico Myceliophthora thermophila / Characterization of a new aryl-alcohol oxidase from thermophilic fungus Myceliophthora thermophilaHigasi, Paula Miwa Rabêlo 20 July 2018 (has links)
A biomassa vegetal é a maior fonte de carbono renovável disponível, e é composta de celulose, hemicelulose e lignina. A lignina, um heteropolímero polifenólico complexo, é uma barreira a utilização mais eficiente da biomassa. Fungos desenvolveram formas de superar o obstáculo imposto pela lignina, através da atividade de enzimas como peroxidases, e da ação de pequenas moléculas reativas. As duas formas dependem da presença de peróxido de hidrogênio, que é produzido pela atividade de enzimas como aril-álcool oxidases (AAOs). AAOs são enzimas pertencentes a superfamília GMC de oxidoredutases e, portanto, possuem FAD como grupo prostético. Realizam a conversão de álcoois aromáticos à aldeídos, com concomitante produção de peróxido de hidrogênio. Devido à capacidade de oxidação de substratos variados, e dependente somente de oxigênio molecular, AAOs têm potencial aplicação na indústria biotecnológica, tanto como produtoras de peróxido de hidrogênio quanto na produção de químicos-plataforma a partir da biomassa. No entanto, AAOs ainda têm poucos exemplares caracterizados, e a maior parte dos estudos publicados é referente a enzimas do gênero de fungos basidiomicetos Pleurotus sp.. A enzima MtAAOx do fungo ascomiceto termofílico M. thermophila foi produzida de forma heteróloga em A. nidulans, e algumas de suas propriedades bioquímicas e estruturais foram determinadas. MtAAOx é uma enzima extracelular monomérica glicosilada, com grupo FAD dissociável, e capaz de oxidar álcoois aromáticos fenólicos e não fenólicos, incluindo um monômero da lignina, coniferil álcool, substrato para o qual a enzima teve mais afinidade. MtAAOx, além de oxidar álcoois aromáticos, também foi capaz de oxidar um substrato heterocíclico, 5-HMF, e de utilizar outro aceptor de elétrons além do oxigênio. Esses resultados, aliados a baixa similaridade entre sequencias de aminoácidos indicam que MtAAOx tem sítio catalítico e canal de acesso do substrato distintos das AAOs até o momento caracterizadas. A enzima MtAAOx deglicosilada teve estabilidade térmica reduzida em comparação com a enzima nativa. A atividade enzimática foi afetada positivamente com a presença de alguns cátions, entre eles Ca2+. Além de afetar a atividade, Ca2+proporcionou ganho de estabilidade térmica, com aumento da temperatura de melting em 5 ºC. Esta enzima é uma nova aril-álcool oxidase caracterizada, a primeira de um fungo ascomiceto, e acredita-se que tenha papel na degradação da lignina da biomassa vegetal. / Plant biomass is the largest source of available renewable carbon, and is composed of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. Lignin, a complex polyphenolic heteropolymer, is a barrier to a more efficient use of biomass. Fungi have developed ways to overcome the obstacle imposed by lignin through the activity of enzymes such as peroxidases and the action of small reactive molecules. The two forms depend on the presence of hydrogen peroxide, which is produced by the activity of enzymes such as aryl-alcohol oxidases (AAOs). AAOs are enzymes belonging to the GMC superfamily of oxidoreductases and therefore have FAD as the prosthetic group. They perform the conversion of aromatic alcohols to aldehydes, with simultaneous production of hydrogen peroxide. Because of their capacity of oxidizing various substrates, and dependence only on molecular oxygen, AAOs have potential applications in the biotech industry, both as hydrogen peroxide producers and in the production of platform chemicals derived from biomass. However, characterized AAOs are few, most of the published studies being on enzymes of basidiomycete fungi from genus Pleurotus sp.. The MtAAOx enzyme of the thermophilic ascomycete M. thermophila was produced heterologously in A. nidulans, and some of its biochemical and structural properties were determined. MtAAOx is a glycosylated, monomeric, extracellular enzyme with a dissociable FAD group, capable of oxidizing phenolic and non-phenolic aromatic alcohols, including a lignin monomer, coniferyl alcohol, the substrate for which the enzyme has the highest affinity. MtAAOx, besides oxidizing aromatic alcohols, was also able to oxidize a heterocyclic substrate, 5-HMF, and to use another electron acceptor in addition to oxygen. These results, combined with the low similarity between amino acid sequences, indicate that MtAAOx has a catalytic site and substrate access channel distinct from characterized AAOs\'. The deglycosylated MtAAOx enzyme had reduced thermal stability compared to the native enzyme. The enzymatic activity was positively affected by the presence of some cations, including Ca2+. In addition to affecting the activity, Ca2+ improved thermal stability, with 5 °C increase of the melting temperature. This enzyme is a novel aryl-alcohol oxidase characterized, the first of an ascomycete fungus, and is believed to play a role in the lignin degradation of plant biomass.
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Caracterização de uma aril-álcool oxidase do fungo termofílico Myceliophthora thermophila / Characterization of a new aryl-alcohol oxidase from thermophilic fungus Myceliophthora thermophilaPaula Miwa Rabêlo Higasi 20 July 2018 (has links)
A biomassa vegetal é a maior fonte de carbono renovável disponível, e é composta de celulose, hemicelulose e lignina. A lignina, um heteropolímero polifenólico complexo, é uma barreira a utilização mais eficiente da biomassa. Fungos desenvolveram formas de superar o obstáculo imposto pela lignina, através da atividade de enzimas como peroxidases, e da ação de pequenas moléculas reativas. As duas formas dependem da presença de peróxido de hidrogênio, que é produzido pela atividade de enzimas como aril-álcool oxidases (AAOs). AAOs são enzimas pertencentes a superfamília GMC de oxidoredutases e, portanto, possuem FAD como grupo prostético. Realizam a conversão de álcoois aromáticos à aldeídos, com concomitante produção de peróxido de hidrogênio. Devido à capacidade de oxidação de substratos variados, e dependente somente de oxigênio molecular, AAOs têm potencial aplicação na indústria biotecnológica, tanto como produtoras de peróxido de hidrogênio quanto na produção de químicos-plataforma a partir da biomassa. No entanto, AAOs ainda têm poucos exemplares caracterizados, e a maior parte dos estudos publicados é referente a enzimas do gênero de fungos basidiomicetos Pleurotus sp.. A enzima MtAAOx do fungo ascomiceto termofílico M. thermophila foi produzida de forma heteróloga em A. nidulans, e algumas de suas propriedades bioquímicas e estruturais foram determinadas. MtAAOx é uma enzima extracelular monomérica glicosilada, com grupo FAD dissociável, e capaz de oxidar álcoois aromáticos fenólicos e não fenólicos, incluindo um monômero da lignina, coniferil álcool, substrato para o qual a enzima teve mais afinidade. MtAAOx, além de oxidar álcoois aromáticos, também foi capaz de oxidar um substrato heterocíclico, 5-HMF, e de utilizar outro aceptor de elétrons além do oxigênio. Esses resultados, aliados a baixa similaridade entre sequencias de aminoácidos indicam que MtAAOx tem sítio catalítico e canal de acesso do substrato distintos das AAOs até o momento caracterizadas. A enzima MtAAOx deglicosilada teve estabilidade térmica reduzida em comparação com a enzima nativa. A atividade enzimática foi afetada positivamente com a presença de alguns cátions, entre eles Ca2+. Além de afetar a atividade, Ca2+proporcionou ganho de estabilidade térmica, com aumento da temperatura de melting em 5 ºC. Esta enzima é uma nova aril-álcool oxidase caracterizada, a primeira de um fungo ascomiceto, e acredita-se que tenha papel na degradação da lignina da biomassa vegetal. / Plant biomass is the largest source of available renewable carbon, and is composed of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. Lignin, a complex polyphenolic heteropolymer, is a barrier to a more efficient use of biomass. Fungi have developed ways to overcome the obstacle imposed by lignin through the activity of enzymes such as peroxidases and the action of small reactive molecules. The two forms depend on the presence of hydrogen peroxide, which is produced by the activity of enzymes such as aryl-alcohol oxidases (AAOs). AAOs are enzymes belonging to the GMC superfamily of oxidoreductases and therefore have FAD as the prosthetic group. They perform the conversion of aromatic alcohols to aldehydes, with simultaneous production of hydrogen peroxide. Because of their capacity of oxidizing various substrates, and dependence only on molecular oxygen, AAOs have potential applications in the biotech industry, both as hydrogen peroxide producers and in the production of platform chemicals derived from biomass. However, characterized AAOs are few, most of the published studies being on enzymes of basidiomycete fungi from genus Pleurotus sp.. The MtAAOx enzyme of the thermophilic ascomycete M. thermophila was produced heterologously in A. nidulans, and some of its biochemical and structural properties were determined. MtAAOx is a glycosylated, monomeric, extracellular enzyme with a dissociable FAD group, capable of oxidizing phenolic and non-phenolic aromatic alcohols, including a lignin monomer, coniferyl alcohol, the substrate for which the enzyme has the highest affinity. MtAAOx, besides oxidizing aromatic alcohols, was also able to oxidize a heterocyclic substrate, 5-HMF, and to use another electron acceptor in addition to oxygen. These results, combined with the low similarity between amino acid sequences, indicate that MtAAOx has a catalytic site and substrate access channel distinct from characterized AAOs\'. The deglycosylated MtAAOx enzyme had reduced thermal stability compared to the native enzyme. The enzymatic activity was positively affected by the presence of some cations, including Ca2+. In addition to affecting the activity, Ca2+ improved thermal stability, with 5 °C increase of the melting temperature. This enzyme is a novel aryl-alcohol oxidase characterized, the first of an ascomycete fungus, and is believed to play a role in the lignin degradation of plant biomass.
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Enzymatic Preparation of 2,5-Furandicarboxylic Acid (FDCA)—A Substitute of Terephthalic Acid—By the Joined Action of Three Fungal EnzymesKarich, Alexander, Kleeberg, Sebastian B., Ullrich, René, Hofrichter, Martin 25 April 2018 (has links) (PDF)
Enzymatic oxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) and its oxidized derivatives was studied using three fungal enzymes: wild-type aryl alcohol oxidase (AAO) from three fungal species, wild-type peroxygenase from Agrocybe aegerita (AaeUPO), and recombinant galactose oxidase (GAO). The effect of pH on different reaction steps was evaluated and apparent kinetic data (Michaelis-Menten constants, turnover numbers, specific constants) were calculated for different enzyme-substrate ratios and enzyme combinations. Finally, the target product, 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA), was prepared in a multi-enzyme cascade reaction combining three fungal oxidoreductases at micro-scale. Furthermore, an oxidase-like reaction is proposed for heme-containing peroxidases, such as UPO, horseradish peroxidase, or catalase, causing the conversion of 5-formyl-2-furancarboxylic acid into FDCA in the absence of exogenous hydrogen peroxide.
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Enzymatic Preparation of 2,5-Furandicarboxylic Acid (FDCA)—A Substitute of Terephthalic Acid—By the Joined Action of Three Fungal EnzymesKarich, Alexander, Kleeberg, Sebastian B., Ullrich, René, Hofrichter, Martin 25 April 2018 (has links)
Enzymatic oxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) and its oxidized derivatives was studied using three fungal enzymes: wild-type aryl alcohol oxidase (AAO) from three fungal species, wild-type peroxygenase from Agrocybe aegerita (AaeUPO), and recombinant galactose oxidase (GAO). The effect of pH on different reaction steps was evaluated and apparent kinetic data (Michaelis-Menten constants, turnover numbers, specific constants) were calculated for different enzyme-substrate ratios and enzyme combinations. Finally, the target product, 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA), was prepared in a multi-enzyme cascade reaction combining three fungal oxidoreductases at micro-scale. Furthermore, an oxidase-like reaction is proposed for heme-containing peroxidases, such as UPO, horseradish peroxidase, or catalase, causing the conversion of 5-formyl-2-furancarboxylic acid into FDCA in the absence of exogenous hydrogen peroxide.
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