I show that we have reason to believe a view on scientific theory change can be discerned in what I call the “Copernicus passages” of Nietzsche’s published work—specifically, the incommensurability thesis. Since this view denies what Maudemarie Clark calls the “equivalence principle,” she claims incommensurability cannot reasonably be attributed to Nietzsche. I argue, however, that we can reasonably attribute incommensurability to Nietzsche in the Copernicus passages, so my reading should not be ruled out. The first upshot to this project is that I provide a reading of passages that have received no scholarly attention to date. The second upshot is that we can understand Copernicus in light of the broader, better-known themes in Nietzsche’s published work: Nietzsche’s moral skepticism about the value of self-denial motivates his opposition to the ascetic ideal and to the emerging dogmas of scientists.

This thesis analyzes pain with respect to Nietzsche&#039 / s Dionysus-Crucified distinction. This distinction, which Nietzsche underlies, reveals his philosophical project. The meaning of pain is at the core point of this distinction. These two deities symbolizes attitudes towards life and pain in it. Dionysus represents the affirmation of becoming and tragic wisdom / and Crucified (Christ) represents despise and escape from life or ascetic ideals. In this sense, the dissertation will first trace Nietzsche&#039 / s world view. Then the following discussions will present a detailed analysis of ascetic ideals (and their genealogical roots), and tragic wisdom from the perspective of Nietzsche for consideration.

Submitted by Maike Costa (maiksebas@gmail.com) on 2016-07-01T12:21:41Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivo total.pdf: 822448 bytes, checksum: 0ae596f30b77b01cecdaf58f17c9db01 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-01T12:21:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivo total.pdf: 822448 bytes, checksum: 0ae596f30b77b01cecdaf58f17c9db01 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-23 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This work aims to understand what the philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche calls the ascetic ideals and nihilism. This dissertation is the result of a research that tries to show it specifically from the work On the Genealogy of Morals. The following is an attempt to identify and characterize this issue in other works of this thinker and in the works of some Nietzsche‟s experts. The study begins with an overview of the meaning of ascetic ideals down the forms of expression in the world, through religion, philosophy and art. It presents the ascetic priest as the element from which you get the main understanding of the ascetic ideal; seeks to indicate that talk of the ascetic ideal in the priest‟s talk about how to be critical of the ascetic ideal. On the Genealogy of Morals, the ascetic ideals are characterized as being essentially form of nihilism. We resort to Nietzschean nihilism to show that and how the character will to nothingness intrinsic to nihilism is also present in the ascetic ideal as a form of decay. The conclusion is based on that fact that the ascetic ideals make the decadent will to power because make a will to value where value in this case is the value of nothing. Finally is used to understand the concept of creation as a possibility for overcoming these ideals through tragic art and lawmaker philosophy as a way of will to power. / A presente dissertação tem como objetivo principal compreender o que o filósofo Friedrich Nietzsche chama de ideais ascéticos e de niilismo. Essa dissertação é o resultado de uma pesquisa que tenta mostrar isso especificamente a partir da obra Genealogia da moral. Segue-se buscando identificar e caracterizar este assunto também em outras obras deste pensador e em obras de alguns especialistas de Nietzsche. O estudo começa com um apanhado do significado dos ideais ascéticos estabelece as formas como se manifestam no mundo, através da religião, da filosofia e da arte. Apresenta-se o sacerdote ascético como o elemento a partir do qual se obtém a compreensão principal dos ideais ascéticos; procura-se indicar que falar do ideal ascético no sacerdote é falar do modo de ser fundamental do ideal ascético. Na Genealogia da moral, os ideais ascéticos são caracterizados como sendo essencialmente forma de niilismo. Recorre-se ao conceito nietzschiano de niilismo para mostrar que e como o caráter de vontade de nada intrínseco ao niilismo está presente também nos ideais ascéticos como uma forma de decadência. Conclui-se com base nesse fato que os ideais ascéticos tornam a vontade de poder decadente porque a tornam uma vontade de valorar em que valor neste caso é valor de nada. Por fim é empregada a compreensão do conceito de criação enquanto possibilidade de superação desses ideais através da arte trágica e da filosofia legisladora como forma da vontade de poder.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T12:11:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ArqiuvoTotal.pdf: 922717 bytes, checksum: 75454053feeb8e562304f766b306c2b0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-01-31 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The following work constitutes a reflection about the concept of nihilism and its progress of development in the European thought through the philosophy of Nietzsche. This reflection is the result of a research that relates Nietzsche s works with some of his interpreters. The study begins with the genealogic analyses of the ascetic ideals, for which the philosopher shows as expressions of the three types of nihilism (passive, reactive, and active) that emerges in this development process in Europe, process through which the nihilism becomes effective. The adopted methodology was to develop a vertical and horizontal study in the works of Nietzsche, study that articulated with that of his interpreters, resulted in the affirmation that perhaps this is Nietzsche s main objective in diagnosing this man s disease: that the nihilism is the cause of all diseases in the man s life, in the sense of leading him to self-destruction. Nietzsche s attempt in this case would be to show another direction, teaching, pointing the way to a bridge of superation of all values the Übermensch (superman) being this only way to engage a combat against all nihilist value, seeking always the perspective of life affirmation in its becoming, seeking his meaning in himself and in the Earth. / O trabalho que segue constitui uma reflexão acerca do termo Niilismo e o seu processo de desenvolvimento no pensamento europeu, através da Filosofia de Nietzsche. Esta reflexão é resultado de uma pesquisa que relaciona as obras de Nietzsche e de alguns de seus intérpretes. O estudo começa com a análise genealógica dos ideais ascéticos, para os quais o filósofo aponta como expressões dos três tipos de niilismo (passivo, reativo e ativo) que surgem nesse processo de desenvolvimento na Europa, processo pelo qual o niilismo se realiza. A metodologia adotada foi a de desenvolver um estudo horizontal e vertical das obras de Nietzsche, que, articuladas com a de seus intérpretes, resultou na afirmação, de que talvez este seja o principal objetivo de Nietzsche ao diagnosticar essa doença do homem: que o niilismo é a causa de todas as doenças na vida do homem, no sentido de levá-lo a autodestruição. Sua tentativa, desse modo, seria mostrar outra direção, ensinando, apontando o caminho da ponte para a superação de todos os valores, o Übermensch (além-homem) sendo esta a única forma de travar um combate contra todo valor niilista, buscando sempre a perspectiva de afirmação da vida em seu vir-a-ser, buscando seu sentido nele mesmo e na Terra.

The paper thematizes the concept of science in mid- and late thinking of Friedrich Nietzsche in the context of his understanding of scientific cognition of both: human and its world. The study introduces the problem of science and cognition in general in connection with significant motives of Nietzsche's thinking: morality, the revaluation of all values, thinking and living "beyond good and evil", freedom, human body, the superhuman motive, ascetic ideals, and more. Emphasis is put on the problem of veracity in the context of Nietzsche's attitude to idealism. Keywords Human; Superhuman; Nietzsche; Moral Philosophy; Cognition; Truth; Error; Intelect; Body; The Will to Power; Drive and Instinct; Evolution; Idealism; Nihilism; Amor fati; Beyond Good and Evil; Freedom; Ascetic ideals