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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

The Impact of Ex Ante Regulations and Ex Post Interventions on Bank Lending and Solvency

Bachmann, Manuel 08 1900 (has links) (PDF)
In this paper, I examine the impact of direct equity injections and troubled asset purchases on bank lending and solvency and analyze how ex ante tighter caps on leverage affect ex post decisions between both interventions. Extending the model of Bachmann (2018) by adding the government as a liquidity supplier, illiquid banks can either sell troubled assets at fire sale prices to collateralized financed liquid banks or to the government. If illiquid banks are forced to sell all troubled assets in order to meet premature withdrawals and the government is left with excess liquidity compared to direct equity injections, they can use these funds to bid up prices. Higher prices reduce future returns on buying illiquid assets and motivate liquid banks´ incentive to lend by crowding out their speculative motive for liquidity hoarding. As a result, troubled asset purchases weakly dominate direct equity injections in terms of lending and solvency, directly amplified by a drop in collateral liquidity. Additionally, regulating illiquid banks ex ante by tighter caps on leverage affects the government's decisions about ex post interventions to effectively stabilize lending and solvency conditions, as the self-reinforcing downward spiral between fire sale prices and collateral liquidity is mitigated. Hence, I find that there exists an inherent nexus between ex ante regulations and ex post interventions. / Series: Department of Economics Working Paper Series
2

Incorporating Climate Change in the Eurosystem's Corporate Sector asset purchases : Design of a Climate Change Score / Hur klimatprestation inkluderas i Eurosystemets köp av tillgångar inom företagssektorn : Design av ett poängsystem för klimatprestation

Barthe, Maxime January 2022 (has links)
The new European Central Bank’s strategy review, unveiled in July 2021, has placed climate change at the core of its new monetary policy strategy. As climate change affects price stability through physical and transition risks, climate change considerations belong to the Eurosystem’s primary mandate. Since climate risks are not integrated into prices by the financial markets, neither by the rating agencies in their credit ratings, the Eurosystem must integrate its own climate criteria in its monetary policy instruments. This paper focuses on the corporate sector asset purchases instrument, namely the Corporate Sector Purchase Programme (CSPP) and the private sector part of the Pandemic- Emergency Purchase Programme (PEPP). It combines monetary policy and climate data to develop Climate Change scores for each eligible issuer. The score aims to identify the best and worst issuers in terms of climate change considerations to operate a tilting of purchases towards the best and away from the worst. The paper first sets forth the construction of the Climate change score, built on backward-looking, forward-looking and disclosure metrics, to make it robust against critics, robust over time but also scalable to ensure feasibility. It then analyses the empirical results and its operational implications on the tilting. It concludes that the tilting is heavily influenced by the skewness characteristic of the eligible universe. It also elucidates the need for more granularity, both for the sector’s taxonomy, the scores and the envelopes. Finally, it shows how the final design depends on policy objectives, whether it is to finance the green transition or a purely balance-sheet protection, or a combination of both. / I Europeiska centralbankens nya strategiöversyn, som presenterades i juli 2021, har klimatförändringen placerats i centrum för den nya penningpolitiska strategin. Eftersom klimatförändringarna påverkar prisstabiliteten genom fysiska risker och övergångsrisker hör klimatförändringshänsyn till Eurosystemets primära mandat. Eftersom klimatrisker inte integreras i priserna av finansmarknaderna och inte heller av kreditvärderingsinstituten i deras kreditbetyg, måste Eurosystemet integrera sina egna klimatkriterier i sina penningpolitiska instrument. Denna artikel fokuserar på instrumentet för köp av tillgångar i företagssektorn, nämligen Corporate Sector Purchase Programme (CSPP) och den privata sektorns del av Pandemic-Emergency Purchase Programme (PEPP). Den kombinerar penningpolitiska och klimatrelaterade data för att ta fram ett klimatrelaterade betyg för varje kvalificerad emittent. Poängen syftar till att identifiera de bästa och sämsta emittenterna för att kunna styra inköpen mot de bästa och bort från de sämsta. I artikeln beskrivs först hur poängsystemet konstrueras. Det bygger på data som är såväl bakåtblickande som framåtblickande samt på hur väl emittenten kommunicerar sitt klimatarbete. Syftet är att utveckla ett poängsystem som är robust mot kritik, robust över tid men också skalbart för att säkerställa genomförbarheten. Därefter analyseras de empiriska resultaten och dess operativa implikationer. Slutsatsen är att viktningen är starkt påverkad av den skevhet som kännetecknar det stödberättigade universumet. Den belyser också behovet av mer detaljerad information, både när det gäller sektorns taxonomi, poängsättningen och kluster. Avslutningsvis visar den hur den slutliga utformningen beror på val av politiska mål, huruvida målet är att finansiera den gröna omställningen eller ett rent balansräkningsskydd, eller en kombination av båda.

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